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  • MDPI AG  (61)
  • 2020-2024  (61)
  • 2020  (61)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction of Myopic Astigmatism with Topography-Guided Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (TOPOLINK)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-11-11), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-11-11), p. 477-
    Abstract: We aim to assess the feasibility of topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (TOPOLINK) for correcting pre-existing and surgical-induced astigmatism. A retrospective, single center cohort study was conducted. Patients with pre-existing irregular myopic astigmatism were recruited into the primary group and those with irregular myopic astigmatism following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were recruited into the enhancement group. The changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum astigmatism, spherical equivalent (SE) and patient satisfaction were recorded. The Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test and Generalized Linear Mixed Model were utilized for the analysis in the current study. A total of 18 eyes were studied in the primary group and 14 eyes were examined in the enhancement group. One year postoperatively, the UCVA, BCVA, maximum astigmatism and SE improved significantly in both the primary and the enhancement groups (all p 〈 0.05). The UCVA (p = 0.046) and SE (p = 0.003) were worse in the primary group preoperatively but became similar in both groups postoperatively, while the BCVA and maximum astigmatism remained identical between groups throughout the study period (all p 〈 0.05). In addition, the rate of high and moderate satisfaction reached 90.0% in the primary and the enhancement groups, without significant differences (p = 0.871). In conclusion, the TOPOLINK showed high predictability and will contribute to similar outcomes between primary and postoperative irregular myopic astigmatism concerning visual acuity, refractive status and subject satisfaction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 2
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    The Development of Dry Eye Disease after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-05-28), p. 3829-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-05-28), p. 3829-
    Abstract: We aim to evaluate the risk of dry eye disease (DED) occurrence in patients with surgery-indicated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) via the national health insurance research database in Taiwan. After exclusion, patients with a diagnostic code of CRS and had received functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were regarded as having surgery-indicated CRS and enrolled in the study group, then each patient in the study group was age- and gender-matched to four non-CRS patients that served as the control group. The outcome was considered as the development of DED and Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the statistical analysis, which involved multiple potential risk factors of DED. A total of 6076 patients with surgery-indicated CRS that received FESS and another 24,304 non-CRS individuals were enrolled after exclusion. There were 317 and 770 DED events in the study group and the control group during the 16-year follow-up interval, and the study group demonstrated a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (1490, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.303-1.702) of DED development compared to the control group in the multivariable analysis. In addition, the cumulative probability analysis illustrated a positive correlation of DED occurrence and the disease period of surgery-indicated CRS (p 〈 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, both genders revealed a higher but not significant incidence of developing DED in the study group. In conclusion, the existence of surgery-indicated CRS will increase the risk of developing DED, which correlated to the disease interval.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
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    Lung Cancer Cell-Derived Secretome Mediates Paraneoplastic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Kidney in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-28), p. 3561-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-28), p. 3561-
    Abstract: Kidney failure is a possible but rare complication in lung cancer patients that may be caused by massive tumor lysis or a paraneoplastic effect. Clinical case reports have documented pathological characteristics of paraneoplastic syndrome in glomeruli, but are short of molecular details. When Lewis lung carcinoma 1 (LLC1) cells were implanted in mice lungs to establish lung cancer, renal failure was frequently observed two weeks post orthotopic xenograft. The high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was diagnosed as paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in those lung cancer mice. Profiling the secretome of the lung cancer cells revealed that the secretory proteins were potentially nephrotoxic. The nephrotoxicity of lung cancer-derived secretory proteins was tested by examining the pathogenic effects of 1 × 106, 2 × 106, and 5 × 106 LLC1 cell xenografts on the pathogenic progression in kidneys. Severe albuminuria was present in the mice that received 5 × 106 LLC1 cells implantation, whereas 106 cell and 2 × 106 cell-implanted mice have slightly increased albuminuria. Pathological examinations revealed that the glomeruli had capillary loop collapse, tumor antigen deposition in glomeruli, and renal intratubular casts. Since IL-6 and MCP-1 are pathologic markers of glomerulopathy, their distributions were examined in the kidneys of the lung cancer mice. Moderate to severe inflammation in the kidneys was correlated with increases in the number of cells implanted in the mice, which was reflected by renal IL-6 and MCP-1 levels, and urine ACR. TGF-β signaling-engaged renal fibrosis was validated in the lung cancer mice. These results indicated that lung cancer cells could provoke inflammation and activate renal fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123561
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
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    Pterostilbene Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells with Oncogenic HRAS
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-06), p. 2869-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-06), p. 2869-
    Abstract: Analysis of various public databases revealed that HRAS gene mutation frequency and mRNA expression are higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Further analysis revealed the roles of oncogenic HRAS, autophagy, and cell senescence signaling in bladder cancer cells sensitized to the anticancer drug cisplatin using the phytochemical pterostilbene. A T24 cell line with the oncogenic HRAS was chosen for further experiments. Indeed, coadministration of pterostilbene increased stronger cytotoxicity on T24 cells compared to HRAS wild-type E7 cells, which was paralleled by neither elevated apoptosis nor induced cell cycle arrest, but rather a marked elevation of autophagy and cell senescence in T24 cells. Pterostilbene-induced autophagy in T24 cells was paralleled by inhibition of class I PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K as well as activation of MEK/ERK (a RAS target) and class III PI3K pathways. Pterostilbene-induced cell senescence on T24 cells was paralleled by increased pan-RAS and decreased phospho-RB expression. Coadministration of PI3K class III inhibitor 3-methyladenine or MEK inhibitor U0126 suppressed pterostilbene-induced autophagy and reversed pterostilbene-enhanced cytotoxicity, but did not affect pterostilbene-elevated cell senescence in T24 cells. Animal study data confirmed that pterostilbene enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin plus gemcitabine. These results suggest a therapeutic application of pterostilbene in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102869
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
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    Scavenging Intracellular ROS Attenuates p-Cresyl Sulfate-Triggered Osteogenesis through MAPK Signaling Pathway and NF-κB Activation in Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-24), p. 472-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-24), p. 472-
    Abstract: Osteogenesis in human arterial smooth muscle cell (HASMC) is a key feature of uremic vascular calcification (UVC). Concerning pro-oxidant properties of p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), the therapeutic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger on PCS triggered inflammatory signaling transduction in osteogenesis was investigated in this translational research. Based on severity level of chronic kidney disease (CKD), arterial specimens with immunohistochemistry stain were quantitatively analyzed for UVC, oxidative injury and osteogenesis along with PCS concentrations. To mimic human UVC, HASMC model was used to explore whether PCS-induced ROS could trigger mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation that drive context-specific gene/protein expression, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In parallel with PCS accumulation, CKD arteries corresponded with UVC severity, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine), Runx2 and ALP. PCS directly phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P38 (pERK/pJNK/pP38) and modulated NF-κB translocation to promote expressions of Runx2 and ALP in HASMC. Notably, intracellular ROS scavenger attenuated pERK signaling cascade and downstream osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our data demonstrate PCS induces osteogenesis through triggering intracellular ROS, pERK/pJNK/pP38 MAPK pathways and NF-κB translocation to drive Runx2 and ALP expressions, culminating in UVC. Beyond mineral dysregulation, osteocytic conversion in HASMC could be the stimulation of PCS. Thus PCS may act as a pro-osteogenic and pro-calcific toxin. From the perspective of translational medicine, PCS and intracellular ROS could serve as potential therapeutic targets for UVC in CKD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080472
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 6
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    Therapeutic Targeting of Aristolochic Acid Induced Uremic Toxin Retention, SMAD 2/3 and JNK/ERK Pathways in Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis: Nephroprotective Role of Propolis in Chronic Kidney Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-02), p. 364-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-02), p. 364-
    Abstract: The nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids (AAs), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) were well-documented, culminating in tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and fatal urothelial cancer. Nonetheless, information regarding the attenuation of AAs-induced nephropathy (AAN) and uremic toxin retention is scarce. Propolis is a versatile natural product, exerting anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-fibrotic properties. We aimed to evaluate nephroprotective effects of propolis extract (PE) in a murine model. AAN was developed to retain circulating PCS and IS using C57BL/6 mice, mimicking human CKD. The kidney sizes/masses, renal function indicators, plasma concentrations of PCS/IS, tissue expressions of TIF, α-SMA, collagen IaI, collagen IV and signaling pathways in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family were analyzed among the control, PE, AAN, and AAN-PE groups. PE ameliorated AAN-induced renal atrophy, renal function deterioration, TIF, plasma retention of PCS and IS. PE also suppressed α-SMA expression and deposition of collagen IaI and IV in the fibrotic epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Notably, PE treatment in AAN model inhibited not only SMAD 2/3-dependent pathways but also SMAD-independent JNK/ERK activation in the signaling cascades of TGF-β family. Through disrupting fibrotic epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β signaling transduction pathways, PE improves TIF and thereby facilitates renal excretion of PCS and IS in AAN. In light of multi-faced toxicity of AAs, PE may be capable of developing a new potential drug to treat CKD patients exposed to AAs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060364
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 7
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    Optical Properties of Electrically Active Gold Nanoisland Films Enabled with Interfaced Liquid Crystals
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2020-02-09), p. 290-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2020-02-09), p. 290-
    Abstract: A system comprising a gold nanoisland film (Au NIF) covered with a liquid crystal (LC) material is introduced. By applying a voltage across the LC bulk, we demonstrate that changes in the refractive-index and orientation significantly modified the hybrid plasmonic–photonic resonances of the Au NIF. The hybrid structure enabled active control of the spectrum of the resonance wavelength of the metallic nanoisland by means of an externally applied electric field. Our modeling supports the observed results in LC/Au NIF. In a combination of the nanostructured surface with birefringent LCs, nonpolarized wavelength tunability of ~15 nm and absorbance tunability of ~0.024 were achieved in the visible wavelength, opening the door to optical devices and nanoscale sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10020290
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Combined Treatment of Heteronemin and Tetrac Induces Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2020-07-02), p. 348-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2020-07-02), p. 348-
    Abstract: Background: Heteronemin, a marine sesterterpenoid-type natural product, possesses an antiproliferative effect in cancer cells. In addition, heteronemin has been shown to inhibit p53 expression. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the thyroid hormone deaminated analogue, tetrac, activates p53 and induces antiproliferation in colorectal cancer. However, such drug mechanisms are still to be studied in oral cancer cells. Methods: We investigated the antiproliferative effects by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. The signal transduction pathway was measured by Western blotting analyses. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate gene expression regulated by heteronemin, 3,3’,5,5’-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), or their combined treatment in oral cancer cells. Results: Heteronemin inhibited not only expression of proliferative genes and Homo Sapiens Thrombospondin 1 (THBS-1) but also cell proliferation in both OEC-M1 and SCC-25 cells. Remarkably, heteronemin increased TGF-β1 expression in SCC-25 cells. Tetrac suppressed expression of THBS-1 but not p53 expression in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of tetrac and heteronemin inhibited ERK1/2 activation and heteronemin also blocked STAT3 signaling. Combined treatment increased p53 protein and p53 activation accumulation although heteronemin inhibited p53 expression in both cancer cell lines. The combined treatment induced antiproliferation synergistically more than a single agent. Conclusions: Both heteronemin and tetrac inhibited ERK1/2 activation and increased p53 phosphorylation. They also inhibited THBS-1 expression. Moreover, tetrac suppressed TGF-β expression combined with heteronemin to further enhance antiproliferation and anti-metastasis in oral cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md18070348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity Constituents from the Stem of Cinnamomum validinerve
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 15 ( 2020-07-25), p. 3382-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 15 ( 2020-07-25), p. 3382-
    Abstract: One new dibenzocycloheptene, validinol (1), and one butanolide firstly isolated from the natural source, validinolide (2), together with 17 known compounds were isolated from the stem of Cinnamomum validinerve. Among the isolates, lincomolide A (3), secosubamolide (7), and cinnamtannin B1 (19) exhibited potent inhibition on both superoxide anion generation (IC50 values of 2.98 ± 0.3 µM, 4.37 ± 0.38 µM, and 2.20 ± 0.3 µM, respectively) and elastase release (IC50 values of 3.96 ± 0.31 µM, 3.04 ± 0.23 µM, and 4.64 ± 0.71 µM, respectively) by human neutrophils. In addition, isophilippinolide A (6), secosubamolide (7), and cinnamtannin B1 (19) showed bacteriostatic effects against Propionibacterium acnes in in vitro study, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values at 16 μg/mL, 16 μg/mL, and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Further investigations using the in vivo ear P. acnes infection model showed that the intraperitoneal administration of the major component cinnamtannin B1 (19) reduced immune cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 at the infection sites. The results demonstrated the potential of cinnamtannin B1 (19) for acne therapy. In summary, these results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potentials of Formosan C. validinerve during bacterial infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153382
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Soluble ST2 is a Useful Biomarker for Grading Cerebral–Cardiac Syndrome in Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-11), p. 489-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-11), p. 489-
    Abstract: This study tested whether the soluble (s)ST2 is a superb biomarker predictive of moderate to severe cerebral–cardiac syndrome (CCS) (defined as coexisting National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 〉 8 and left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 〈 60%) in patients after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Between November 2015 and October 2017, a total of 99 IS patients were prospectively enrolled and categorized into three groups based on NIHSS, i.e., group 1 (NIHSS ≤ 8, n = 66), group 2 (NIHSS = 9-15, n = 14) and group 3 (NIHSS ≥ 16, n = 19), respectively. Blood samples were collected immediately after hospitalization, followed by transthoracic echocardiographic examination. The results showed that the flow cytometric analysis for assessment of inflammatory biomarkers of TLR2+/CD14+cells, TLR4+/CD14+cells, Ly6g+/CD14+cells, and MPO+/CD14+cells, and ELISA assessment for circulatory level of sST2 were significantly higher in groups 2/3 than in group 1 (all p 〈 0.01). However, these parameters did not show significant differences between groups 2 and 3 (all p 〉 0.05). The LVEF was significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 (p 〈 0.001), but it displayed no difference between groups 1/2 or between groups 2/3. These inflammatory biomarkers ((TLR2+/CD14+cells// TLR4+/CD14+cells// MPO+/CD14+cells) and sST2)) were significantly positively correlated to NIHSS and strongly negatively correlated to LVEF (all p 〈 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both MPO/CD14+cells 〉 20% (p = 0.027) and sST2 ≥ 17,600 (p = 0.004) were significantly and independently predictive of moderate-severe CCS after acute IS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that sST2 was the most powerful predictor of CCS with a sensitivity of 0.929 and a specificity of 0.731 (p 〈 0.001). In conclusion, sST2 is a useful biomarker for prediction of CCS severity in patients after acute IS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020489
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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