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  • MDPI AG  (61)
  • 2020-2024  (61)
  • 2020  (61)
  • 11
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    Determination of Epicenters before Earthquakes Utilizing Far Seismic and GNSS Data: Insights from Ground Vibrations
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2020-10-07), p. 3252-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2020-10-07), p. 3252-
    Abstract: Broadband seismometers, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and magnetometers that were located within an epicentral distance of approximately 150 km consistently observed the novel anomalous behaviors of the common-mode ground vibrations approximately 5–10 days before the M6.6 Meinong earthquake in Taiwan. The common-mode ground vibrations with amplitudes near 0.1 m at frequencies ranging from 8 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 Hz were generated near the region close to the epicenter of the impending earthquake. The common-mode vibrations were consistently observed in seismic and GNSS data associated with five other earthquakes in four distinct areas. The results reveal that the common-mode vibrations could be a typical behavior before earthquakes. The causal mechanism of common-mode vibrations can be attributed to crustal resonance excitations before fault dislocations occur. Potential relationships with other pre-earthquake anomalies suggest that the common-mode vibrations could be ground motion before earthquakes, which was investigated for a significant length of time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12193252
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 12
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    Aqueous Extract of Kan-Lu-Hsiao-Tu-Tan Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Life Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 313-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 313-
    Abstract: Background: Kan-Lu-Hsiao-Tu-Tan (KLHTT) exhibits anti-psoriatic effects through anti-inflammatory activity in mice. However, the therapeutic effects of KLHTT on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), another significant autoimmune inflammatory disorder, have not been elucidated. Herein, we explored the anti-arthritic effects of KLHTT on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods: KLHTT was extracted by boiling water and subjected to spectroscopic analysis. Chicken collagen type II (CII) with complete Freund’s adjuvant was intradermally injected to induce CIA in DBA/1J mice. Anti-CII antibody, cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured using ELISA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and a hydrogen peroxide assay kit. Splenocyte proliferation was tested using thymidine incorporation. Th1 and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Oral KLHTT treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated mouse CIA by decreasing the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and tumour necrosis factor-α in the paw homogenates and serum. KLHTT also suppressed anti-CII antibody formation, splenocyte proliferation, and splenic Th1 and Th17 cell numbers. Additionally, KLHTT showed antioxidant activity by reducing the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 in paw tissues. Conclusions: The therapeutic effects of KLHTT in CIA mice were through regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Our results suggest that KLHTT has potential to treat RA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life10120313
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 13
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    Risk of Acquired Cholesteatoma and External Auditory Canal Stenosis in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 18 ( 2020-09-11), p. 6624-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 18 ( 2020-09-11), p. 6624-
    Abstract: The aim of study is to investigate the risk of developing acquired cholesteatoma and external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Each subject was individually traced from their index date to identify those who received a diagnosis of acquired cholesteatoma and EAC stenosis. Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the risk of TBI-related acquired cholesteatoma and EAC stenosis. The follow-up data collected over 10 years were obtained from the TBI and comparison cohorts, of 455,834 and 911,668 patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TBI significantly increased the risk of cholesteatoma (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.777; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.494−2.114, p 〈 0.001) and EAC stenosis (adjusted (HR), 3.549; 95% (CI), 2.713−4.644, p 〈 0.001). In our subgroup injury analysis, falls had the highest associated risk (4.308 times), followed by traffic injuries (66.73%; 3.718 times that of the control group). Otolaryngologists should not neglect the clinical importance and carefully investigate the possibility of subsequent cholesteatoma and EAC stenosis, which leads to hearing impairment in patients with TBI. Our research also shows the important role in preventing TBI, especially as a result of traffic injuries and falls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 14
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    Prognostic Significance of Primary Tumor Location in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Nephroureterectomy: A Retrospective, Multi-Center Cohort Study in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 3866-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 3866-
    Abstract: We sought to examine the effect of tumor location on the prognosis of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). This retrospective study came from the Taiwan UTUC Collaboration Group, which consisted of 2658 patients at 15 institutions in Taiwan from 1988 to 2019. Patients with kidney-sparing management, both renal pelvic and ureteral tumors, as well as patients lacking complete data were excluded; the remaining 1436 patients were divided into two groups: renal pelvic tumor (RPT) and ureteral tumor (UT), with 842 and 594 patients, respectively. RPT was associated with more aggressive pathological features, including higher pathological T stage (p 〈 0.001) and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.002), whereas patients with UT often had synchronous bladder tumor (p 〈 0.001), and were more likely to bear multiple lesions (p = 0.001). Our multivariate analysis revealed that UT was a worse prognostic factor compared with RPT (overall survival: HR 1.408, 95% CI 1.121–1.767, p = 0.003; cancer-specific survival: HR 1.562, 95% CI 1.169–2.085, p = 0.003; disease-free survival: HR 1.363, 95% CI 1.095–1.697, p = 0.006; bladder-recurrence-free survival: HR 1.411, 95% CI 1.141–1.747, p = 0.002, respectively). Based on our findings, UT appeared to be more malignant and had a worse prognosis than RPT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 15
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    Clinicopathological and Molecular Profiles of Sporadic Microsatellite Unstable Colorectal Cancer with or without the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-23), p. 3487-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-23), p. 3487-
    Abstract: Background: The 5’-C-phosphate-G-3’ island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is a specific phenotype of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-high) tumors. Methods: In this study, we determined the CIMP status using eight methylation markers in 92 MSI-high CRC patients after excluding five germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The mutation spectra of 22 common CRC-associated genes were analyzed by NGS. Results: Of the 92 sporadic MSI-high tumors, 23 (25%) were considered CIMP-high (expressed more than 5 of 8 markers). CIMP-high tumors showed proximal colon preponderance and female predominance. The mutation profiles of CIMP-high tumors were significantly different from those of CIMP-low or CIMP-0 tumors (i.e., higher frequencies of BRAF, POLD1, MSH3, and SMAD4 mutations but lower frequencies of APC, TP53, and KRAS mutations). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage was the independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival (OS). Among the MSI-high cases, the CIMP status did not impact the outcome of patients with MSI-high tumors. Conclusions: Only TNM stage was a statistically significant predictor of outcomes independent of CIMP profiles in MSI-high CRC patients. Sporadic MSI-high CRCs with different mechanisms of carcinogenesis have specific mutation profiles and clinicopathological features.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113487
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 16
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    Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 366-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 366-
    Abstract: Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf contains chemical components such as β-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of S. cusia leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC50 = 0.64 μg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5aR-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC50 values against virus yield were 1.52 μM and 2.60 μM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC50 = 0.06 μM) and indigodole B (IC50 = 2.09 μM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of S. cusia leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential against HCoV-NL63 infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom10030366
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 17
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    Application of Gray Relational Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Statistical Techniques of Product Designs
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-03), p. 227-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-03), p. 227-
    Abstract: During the development of fan products, designers often encounter gray areas when creating new designs. Without clear design goals, development efficiency is usually reduced, and fans are the best solution for studying symmetry or asymmetry. Therefore, fan designers need to figure out an optimization approach that can simplify the fan development process and reduce associated costs. This study provides a new statistical approach using gray relational analysis (GRA) to analyze and optimize the parameters of a particular fan design. During the research, it was found that the single fan uses an asymmetry concept with a single blade as the design, while the operation of double fans is a symmetry concept. The results indicated that the proposed mechanical operations could enhance the variety of product designs and reduce costs. Moreover, this approach can relieve designers from unnecessary effort during the development process and also effectively reduce the product development time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym12020227
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 18
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    Characteristic of Metabolic Status in Heart Failure and Its Impact in Outcome Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-10-29), p. 437-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-10-29), p. 437-
    Abstract: Metabolic alterations have been documented in peripheral tissues in heart failure (HF). Outcomes might be improved by early identification of risk. However, the prognostic information offered is still far from enough. We hypothesized that plasma metabolic profiling potentially provides risk stratification for HF patients. Of 61 patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated HF, 31 developed HF-related events in one year after discharge (Event group), and the other 30 patients did not (Non-event group). The plasma collected during hospital admission was analyzed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS)-based metabolomic approach. The orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) reveals that the metabolomics profile is able to distinguish between events in HF. Levels of 19 metabolites including acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, dimethylxanthine, dimethyluric acid, tryptophan, phenylacetylglutamine, and hypoxanthine are significantly different between patients with and without event (p 〈 0.05). Established risk prediction models of event patients by using receiver operating characteristics analysis reveal that the combination of tetradecenoylcarnitine, dimethylxanthine, phenylacetylglutamine, and hypoxanthine has better discrimination than B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (AUC 0.871 and 0.602, respectively). These findings suggest that metabolomics-derived metabolic profiling have the potential of identifying patients with high risk of HF-related events and provide insights related to HF outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110437
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 19
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    Tumor Multifocality is a Significant Risk Factor of Urinary Bladder Recurrence after Nephroureterectomy in Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Single-Institutional Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-03), p. 201-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-03), p. 201-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the significant risk factors of urinary bladder recurrence (UBR) after nephroureterectomy (NUx) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). A total of 550 patients diagnosed with UTUC between January 2001 and December 2015 were included in this retrospective study. The median age of our patients was 68 (range 24–93) and the median follow-up time after NUx was 40.3 months (range 8–191). The most important censored point of this study was the first episode of UBR. Of the 550 patients, UBR occurred in 164 patients (29.8%). One hundred and forty-two (86.6%) patients with UBR were identified within two years after NUx for UTUC, with the median time interval between NUx and UBR being 8.4 months (range 3–59.8). Through univariate analysis, the positive surgical margin (p = 0.049) and tumor multifocality (p = 0.024) were both significant prognostic factors for UBR-free survival after NUx in patients with UTUC. However, only tumor multifocality (p = 0.037) remained a significant prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, tumor multifocality is a significant risk factor of UBR after nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040201
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 20
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    Changes in the Systemic Expression of Sirtuin-1 and Oxidative Stress after Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-06), p. 1414-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-06), p. 1414-
    Abstract: Objectives: Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are associated with systemic risk factors. However, the ocular occlusive events might also influence a patient’s systemic condition. This study tried to investigate serum biomarkers associated with oxidative stress, before and after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (aVEGF) therapy in patients with RVOs. Methods: Newly-onset RVO patients were categorized into two groups: comorbid with macular edema requiring aVEGF therapy (treatment group) and no edema (observation group). Age and sex-matched patients (who received cataract surgery) were included as the control group. Intravitreal ranibizumab with a pro-re-nata regimen were administered. Serum samples were collected prior to treatment, at 6 and 12 months after therapy/observation and were collected once before controls who received cataract surgery. mRNA expression of sirtuin-1, its downstream genes, anti-oxidative biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Results: There were 32, 26, and 34 patients enrolled in the treatment, observation, and control groups, respectively. The expressions of sirtuin-1 and its downstream genes were significantly lower in patients with RVO compared with the control group. Sirtuin-1 gene expression increased after 1 year of aVEGF therapy in the treatment group but remained unchanged in the observation group. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines were reduced after 1 year of aVEGF therapy. These biomarkers remained with no changes in the observation group. Conclusions: Our study showed that the systemic oxidative stress increased in RVO patients. The aVEGF therapy could alter the gene expression of anti-oxidative proteins and reduce systemic oxidative stress in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom10101414
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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