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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prolonged monitoring of postprandial lipid metabolism after a western meal rich in linoleic acid and carbohydrates
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism Vol. 44, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 1189-1198
    Details
    In: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 44, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 1189-1198
    Abstract: Today, awareness has been raised regarding high consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in western diets. A comprehensive analysis of total and individual postprandial fatty acids profiles would provide insights into metabolic turnover and related health effects. After an overnight fast, 9 healthy adults consumed a mixed meal comprising 97 g carbohydrate and 45 g fat, of which 26.4 g was linoleic acid (LA). Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), phospholipid fatty acids (PL-FA) and triacylglycerol fatty acids (TG-FA) were monitored in plasma samples, at baseline and hourly over a 7-h postprandial period. Total TG-FA concentration peaked at 2 h after the meal and steadily decreased thereafter. LA from TG18:2n-6 and behenic acid from TG22:0 showed the highest response among TG-FA, with a biphasic response detected for the former. PL-FA exhibited no change. Total NEFA initially decreased to nadir at 1 h, then increased to peak at 7 h. The individual NEFA showed the same response curve except LA and some very-long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFA, ≥20 carbon chain length) that markedly increased shortly after the meal intake. The similarities and dissimilarities in lipid profiles between study subjects at different time points were visualized using nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling. Overall, the results indicate that postprandial levels of LA and VLCSFA, either as NEFA or TG, were most affected by the test meal, which might provide an explanation for the health effects of this dietary lifestyle characterized by high intake of mixed meals rich in n-6 PUFA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1715-5312 , 1715-5320
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0798
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An individual participant data meta-analysis on metabolomics profiles for obesity and insulin resistance in European children
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-03-25)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-03-25)
    Abstract: Childhood obesity prevalence is rising in countries worldwide. A variety of etiologic factors contribute to childhood obesity but little is known about underlying biochemical mechanisms. We performed an individual participant meta-analysis including 1,020 pre-pubertal children from three European studies and investigated the associations of 285 metabolites measured by LC/MS-MS with BMI z-score, height, weight, HOMA, and lipoprotein concentrations. Seventeen metabolites were significantly associated with BMI z-score. Sphingomyelin (SM) 32:2 showed the strongest association with BMI z-score (P = 4.68 × 10 −23 ) and was also closely related to weight, and less strongly to height and LDL, but not to HOMA. Mass spectrometric analyses identified SM 32:2 as myristic acid containing SM d18:2/14:0. Thirty-five metabolites were significantly associated to HOMA index. Alanine showed the strongest positive association with HOMA (P = 9.77 × 10 −16 ), while acylcarnitines and non-esterified fatty acids were negatively associated with HOMA. SM d18:2/14:0 is a powerful marker for molecular changes in childhood obesity. Tracing back the origin of SM 32:2 to dietary source in combination with genetic predisposition will path the way for early intervention programs. Metabolic profiling might facilitate risk prediction and personalized interventions in overweight children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41449-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ice-Crystal Nucleation in Water: Thermodynamic Driving Force and Surface Tension. Part I: Theoretical Foundation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Entropy Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2019-12-30), p. 50-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2019-12-30), p. 50-
    Abstract: A recently developed thermodynamic theory for the determination of the driving force of crystallization and the crystal–melt surface tension is applied to the ice-water system employing the new Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater TEOS-10. The deviations of approximative formulations of the driving force and the surface tension from the exact reference properties are quantified, showing that the proposed simplifications are applicable for low to moderate undercooling and pressure differences to the respective equilibrium state of water. The TEOS-10-based predictions of the ice crystallization rate revealed pressure-induced deceleration of ice nucleation with an increasing pressure, and acceleration of ice nucleation by pressure decrease. This result is in, at least, qualitative agreement with laboratory experiments and computer simulations. Both the temperature and pressure dependencies of the ice-water surface tension were found to be in line with the le Chatelier–Braun principle, in that the surface tension decreases upon increasing degree of metastability of water (by decreasing temperature and pressure), which favors nucleation to move the system back to a stable state. The reason for this behavior is discussed. Finally, the Kauzmann temperature of the ice-water system was found to amount T K = 116 K , which is far below the temperature of homogeneous freezing. The Kauzmann pressure was found to amount to p K = − 212 MPa , suggesting favor of homogeneous freezing on exerting a negative pressure on the liquid. In terms of thermodynamic properties entering the theory, the reason for the negative Kauzmann pressure is the higher mass density of water in comparison to ice at the melting point.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e22010050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Maternal Metabolomic Profile and Fetal Programming of Offspring Adiposity: Identification of Potentially Protective Lipid Metabolites
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Vol. 63, No. 1 ( 2019-01)
    Details
    In: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Wiley, Vol. 63, No. 1 ( 2019-01)
    Abstract: The fetal programming paradigm posits that the origins of obesity can be traced, in part, to the intrauterine period of life. However, the mechanisms underlying fetal programming are not well understood, and few studies have measured offspring adiposity in the neonatal period. The aim of this study is to identify maternal metabolites, and their determinants, that are associated with neonatal adiposity. Methods and results A targeted metabolomics approach is applied to analyze plasma samples collected across gestation from a well‐characterized cohort of 253 pregnant women participating in a prospective study at the University of California, Irvine. Whole‐body dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging of body composition is obtained in N = 121 newborns. Statistical models are adjusted for potential confounders and multiple testing. The authors identify six alkyl‐linked phosphatidylcholines (PCae), containing fatty acid 20:4, that are significantly and negatively associated with neonatal body fat percentage. Factors indicating higher socioeconomic status, non‐Hispanic ethnicity, and higher nonesterified fatty acid percentages are positively associated with these PCae. Conclusions The polyunsaturated fatty acid 20:4 contained in PCae may exert a beneficial effect with respect to future propensity for obesity development. Prepregnancy and early pregnancy factors are determinants of these PCae, highlighting the importance of addressing preconceptional conditions for fetal programming of newborn adiposity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1613-4125 , 1613-4133
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.v63.1
    DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700889
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2160372-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Bioactive Small Molecule Inhibitors of Separase
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2019
    In:  ACS Chemical Biology ( 2019-09-30)
    Details
    In: ACS Chemical Biology, American Chemical Society (ACS), ( 2019-09-30)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1554-8929 , 1554-8937
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00661
    DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00661.s001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2221735-6
    SSG: 12
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