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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Overlapping Area of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) and Wheat-Sensitive Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): An Update
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2017-11-21), p. 1268-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2017-11-21), p. 1268-
    Abstract: Gluten-related disorders have recently been reclassified with an emerging scientific literature supporting the concept of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). New research has specifically addressed prevalence, immune mechanisms, the recognition of non-immunoglobulin E (non-IgE) wheat allergy and overlap of NCGS with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms. This review article will provide clinicians with an update that directly impacts on the management of a subgroup of their IBS patients whose symptoms are triggered by wheat ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu9111268
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Muscle-Derived Cytokines Reduce Growth, Viability and Migratory Activity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2021-07-29), p. 3820-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2021-07-29), p. 3820-
    Abstract: The evidence that regular physical exercise reduces the risk of developing cancer is well described. However, the interaction between physical exercise and cancer is not fully clarified yet. Several myokines released by skeletal muscle appear to have a direct anti-tumour function. There are few data on myokine secretion after exercise in patients with advanced tumours. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a very aggressive and usually fatal cancer. To investigate the effects of exercise in PC, the blood of advanced-stage PC patients was analysed after 12 weeks of resistance training using whole-body electromyostimulation. After the 12-week training period, the patient serum inhibited the proliferation and the motility of PC cells and enhanced PC cell apoptosis. The impact of exercise training was also investigated in an exercise-mimicking in vitro model using electric pulse stimulation of human myotubes and revealed similar anti-tumour effects on PC cells, clearly indicating direct cancer-protective properties of activated skeletal muscle. Protein and gene expression analyses in plasma from exercise-trained patients and in myotube cultures after in vitro exercise showed that interleukin 10 (IL10), C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) are myokines released from activated skeletal muscle. In accordance with the effects of serum from exercise-trained patients, the supplementation with recombinant IL10, CXCL1 and CCL4 impaired growth and migration of PC cells. Treatment of PC cells with these myokines upregulated caspase 3/7 expression and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, leading to enhanced PC cell death. The identification of myokines with anti-tumour properties in advanced-stage PC patients after exercise opens a new perspective in supportive therapy with sports and exercise for cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153820
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface Heat Budget over the North Sea in Climate Change Simulations
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2019-05-14), p. 272-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2019-05-14), p. 272-
    Abstract: An ensemble of regional climate change scenarios for the North Sea is validated and analyzed. Five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) General Circulation Models (GCMs) using three different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) have been downscaled with the coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model RCA4-NEMO. Validation of sea surface temperature (SST) against different datasets suggests that the model results are well within the spread of observational datasets. The ensemble mean SST with a bias of less than 1 ∘ C is the solution that fits the observations best and underlines the importance of ensemble modeling. The exchange of momentum, heat, and freshwater between atmosphere and ocean in the regional, coupled model compares well with available datasets. The climatological seasonal cycles of these fluxes are within the 95% confidence limits of the datasets. Towards the end of the 21st century the projected North Sea SST increases by 1.5 ∘ C (RCP 2.6), 2 ∘ C (RCP 4.5), and 4 ∘ C (RCP 8.5), respectively. Under this change the North Sea develops a specific pattern of the climate change signal for the air–sea temperature difference and latent heat flux in the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In the RCP 8.5 scenario the amplitude of the spatial heat flux anomaly increases to 5 W/m 2 at the end of the century. Different hypotheses are discussed that could contribute to the spatially non-uniform change in air–sea interaction. The most likely cause for an increased latent heat loss in the central western North Sea is a drier atmosphere towards the end of the century. Drier air in the lee of the British Isles affects the balance of the surface heat budget of the North Sea. This effect is an example of how regional characteristics modulate global climate change. For climate change projections on regional scales it is important to resolve processes and feedbacks at regional scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos10050272
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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