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  • 2020-2023
  • 2015-2019  (3)
  • 2015  (3)
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  • 2020-2023
  • 2015-2019  (3)
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  • 1
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    Variability of atmospheric circulation patterns associated with large volume changes of the Baltic Sea (2015)
    European Meteorological Society
    In:  Advances in Science and Research, 12 . pp. 219-225.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Salinity and stratification in the deep basins of the Baltic Sea are linked to the occurrence of Major Baltic Inflows (MBIs) of higher saline water of North Sea origin, which occur sporadically and transport higher saline and oxygenated water to deeper layers. Since the mid-1970s, the frequency and intensity of MBIs have decreased. They were completely absent between February 1983 and January 1993. However, in spite of the decreasing frequency of MBIs, there was no obvious decrease of larger Baltic Sea volume changes (LVCs). A LVC is defined by a total volume change of at least 100 km3. LVCs can be identified from the sea level changes at Landsort which is known to represent the mean sea level of the Baltic Sea very well. Strong inflows leading to LVCs are associated to a special sequence of atmospheric circulation patterns. Our analysis based on Jenkinson-Collison circulation (JCC) types confirms that most effective inflows occur if about a month before the main inflow period, eastern air flow with anticyclonic vorticity over the western Baltic prevails. These conditions reduce the mean sea level of the Baltic Sea and lead to an increased saline stratification in the Belt Sea area. An immediate period of strong to very strong westerly winds trigger the inflow and force LVCs/MBIs. The lack of MBIs coincide with a negative trend of eastern types and a parallel increase of western type JCCs
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/asr-12-219-2015
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Recent Change - Marine Circulation and Stratification (2015)
    Springer Open
    In:  In: Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin. Regional Climate Studies . Springer Open, Cham, pp. 131-144. ISBN 978-3-319-16006-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-22
    Description: This chapter describes recent change in the circulation and stratification of the Baltic Sea. A recent warming trend in sea-surface waters has been clearly demonstrated by in situ measurements, remote sensing data and numerical models. Trends in sea-surface temperature (SST) for the past three to four decades based on remote sensing data generally agree with trends determined from in situ observations. Models suggest the current warming within the Baltic Sea lies within the range experienced during the past 500 years. The salinity and stratification of the deep waters are strongly linked to the major inflows of North Sea water that occur sporadically and bring high-saline water into the deep layers of the Baltic Sea. The major inflows normally occur during winter and spring and bring cold oxygen-rich waters into the deep basins. Since 1996, large inflows have also occurred during summer, bringing in warm low-oxygen water.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16006-1_7
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 3
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    Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-15
    Description: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book
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