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  • 1
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    Morphogenesis of filaments growing in flexible confinements (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-18
    Description: Article Growing polymer chains are often confined within vesicles in biological systems. Here, the authors study how material properties such as friction, flexibility and thickness affect confined polymer filaments when they grow beyond their equilibrium size, identifying four unique morphologies. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms5437 Authors: R. Vetter, F. K. Wittel, H. J. Herrmann
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Mechanism of Tc toxin action revealed in molecular detail (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Description: Tripartite Tc toxin complexes of bacterial pathogens perforate the host membrane and translocate toxic enzymes into the host cell, including in humans. The underlying mechanism is complex but poorly understood. Here we report the first, to our knowledge, high-resolution structures of a TcA subunit in its prepore and pore state and of a complete 1.7 megadalton Tc complex. The structures reveal that, in addition to a translocation channel, TcA forms four receptor-binding sites and a neuraminidase-like region, which are important for its host specificity. pH-induced opening of the shell releases an entropic spring that drives the injection of the TcA channel into the membrane. Binding of TcB/TcC to TcA opens a gate formed by a six-bladed beta-propeller and results in a continuous protein translocation channel, whose architecture and properties suggest a novel mode of protein unfolding and translocation. Our results allow us to understand key steps of infections involving Tc toxins at the molecular level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meusch, Dominic -- Gatsogiannis, Christos -- Efremov, Rouslan G -- Lang, Alexander E -- Hofnagel, Oliver -- Vetter, Ingrid R -- Aktories, Klaus -- Raunser, Stefan -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 3;508(7494):61-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13015. Epub 2014 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany [2]. ; Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. ; Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. ; 1] Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany [2] BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; 1] Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany [2] Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP Ribose Transferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Host Specificity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Molecular ; Neuraminidase/chemistry ; Photorhabdus/*chemistry ; Porosity ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Protein Unfolding ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Selenoether oxytocin analogues have analgesic properties in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Article Peptide drugs are attractive as therapeutics for gut-based applications, although they may be susceptible to reduction and degradation. Here, the authors develop seleno-oxytocin analogues, with enhanced stability at no cost to potency, and demonstrate their efficacy at colonic nociceptor inhibition in a mouse model. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4165 Authors: Aline Dantas de Araujo, Mehdi Mobli, Joel Castro, Andrea M. Harrington, Irina Vetter, Zoltan Dekan, Markus Muttenthaler, JingJing Wan, Richard J. Lewis, Glenn F. King, Stuart M. Brierley, Paul F. Alewood
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, Pages 1739-1759: GIS-Based Roughness Derivation for Flood Simulations: A Comparison of Orthophotos, LiDAR and Crowdsourced Geodata (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-25
    Description: Natural disasters like floods are a worldwide phenomenon and a serious threat to mankind. Flood simulations are applications of disaster control, which are used for the development of appropriate flood protection. Adequate simulations require not only the geometry but also the roughness of the Earth’s surface, as well as the roughness of the objects hereon. Usually, the floodplain roughness is based on land use/land cover maps derived from orthophotos. This study analyses the applicability of roughness map derivation approaches for flood simulations based on different datasets: orthophotos, LiDAR data, official land use data, OpenStreetMap data and CORINE Land Cover data. Object-based image analysis is applied to orthophotos and LiDAR raster data in order to generate land cover maps, which enable a roughness parameterization. The vertical vegetation structure within the LiDAR point cloud is used to derive an additional floodplain roughness map. Further roughness maps are derived from official land use data, OpenStreetMap and CORINE Land Cover datasets. Six different flood simulations are applied based on one elevation data but with the different roughness maps. The results of the hydrodynamic–numerical models include information on flow velocity and water depth from which the additional attribute flood intensity is calculated of. The results based on roughness maps derived from LiDAR data and OpenStreetMap data are comparable, whereas the results of the other datasets differ significantly.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 7896-7917: The Historical Distribution of Main Malaria Foci in Spain as Related to Water Bodies (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-07
    Description: The possible connectivity between the spatial distribution of water bodies suitable for vectors of malaria and endemic malaria foci in Southern Europe is still not well known. Spain was one of the last countries in Western Europe to be declared free of malaria by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1964. This study combines, by means of a spatial-temporal analysis, the historical data of patients and deceased with the distribution of water bodies where the disease-transmitting mosquitos proliferate. Therefore, data from historical archives with a Geographic Information System (GIS), using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method, was analyzed with the aim of identifying regional differences in the distribution of malaria in Spain. The reasons, why the risk of transmission is concentrated in specific regions, are related to worse socioeconomic conditions (Extremadura), the presence of another vector (Anopheles labranchiae) besides A. atroparvus (Levante) or large areas of water bodies in conditions to reproduce theses vectors (La Mancha and Western Andalusia). In the particular case of Western Andalusia, in 1913, the relatively high percentage of 4.73% of the surface, equal to 202362 ha, corresponds to wetlands and other unhealthy water bodies. These wetlands have been reduced as a result of desiccation policies and climate change such as the Little Ice Age and Global Climate Change. The comprehension of the main factors of these wetland changes in the past can help us interpret accurately the future risk of malaria re-emergence in temperate latitudes, since it reveals the crucial role of unhealthy water bodies on the distribution, endemicity and eradication of malaria in southern Europe.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    Rovers minimize human disturbance in research on wild animals (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-26
    Description: Nature Methods 11, 1242 (2014). doi:10.1038/nmeth.3173 Authors: Yvon Le Maho, Jason D Whittington, Nicolas Hanuise, Louise Pereira, Matthieu Boureau, Mathieu Brucker, Nicolas Chatelain, Julien Courtecuisse, Francis Crenner, Benjamin Friess, Edith Grosbellet, Laëtitia Kernaléguen, Frédérique Olivier, Claire Saraux, Nathanaël Vetter, Vincent A Viblanc, Bernard Thierry, Pascale Tremblay, René Groscolas & Céline Le Bohec Investigating wild animals while minimizing human disturbance remains an important methodological challenge. When approached by a remote-operated vehicle (rover) which can be equipped to make radio-frequency identifications, wild penguins had significantly lower and shorter stress responses (determined by heart rate and behavior) than when approached by humans. Upon immobilization, the rover—unlike humans—did not disorganize colony structure, and stress rapidly ceased. Thus, rovers can reduce human disturbance of wild animals and the resulting scientific bias.
    Print ISSN: 1548-7091
    Electronic ISSN: 1548-7105
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Genome-wide association study of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf microbial community (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-12
    Description: Article The effect of a host's genetic variation on the structure of its microbial community is poorly understood. Here, Horton et al. reveal associations between genetic variants in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana and the composition of the leaves' microbial communities. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6320 Authors: Matthew W. Horton, Natacha Bodenhausen, Kathleen Beilsmith, Dazhe Meng, Brian D. Muegge, Sathish Subramanian, M. Madlen Vetter, Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson, Magnus Nordborg, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Joy Bergelson
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Evolution of separate predation- and defence-evoked venoms in carnivorous cone snails (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-26
    Description: Article Marine cone snails use venom for defence and predation. Here, Dutertre et al. show that cone snails produce structurally and functionally distinct venoms for each purpose and that defence toxins are potent on fish and mammalian targets, suggesting that they have evolved specifically for protection. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4521 Authors: Sébastien Dutertre, Ai-Hua Jin, Irina Vetter, Brett Hamilton, Kartik Sunagar, Vincent Lavergne, Valentin Dutertre, Bryan G. Fry, Agostinho Antunes, Deon J. Venter, Paul F. Alewood, Richard J. Lewis
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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