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  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2011  (3)
Publikationsart
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 2005-2009
Jahr
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Milton :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Schlagwort(e): Nutrition. ; Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: As the field of nutritional neuroscience has grown, both the scientific community and the general population have expressed a heightened interest in the effect of nutrients on behavior. Topics discussed in this volume include the concepts of mental energy and fatigue, the dangers of obesity and its effect on behavior, weight loss methods, and the effects of dietary supplements on brain functioning and behavior. It also examines the reward deficiency hypothesis and eating disorders, the importance of maintaining proper fluid intake, the effects of eating breakfast on performance, and the role of diet in pain sensitivity.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (330 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781439821572
    DDC: 612.82
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Mental Energy and Fatigue : Science and the Consumer -- Chapter 2: Hydration and Brain Function -- Chapter 3: Diet as an Analgesic Modality -- Chapter 4: Breakfast and Adult and Child Behaviors -- Chapter 5: Diet, Physical Activity, and Substrate Oxidation : Implications for Appetite Control, Weight Loss, and Body Composition -- Chapter 6: The Reward Deficiency Hypothesis : Implications for Obesity and Other Eating Disorders -- Chapter 7: Potential Consequences of Obesity on Cognitive Behavior -- Chapter 8: Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss -- Chapter 9: Sweet Taste Preferences and Cravings in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) : Implications for Diet and Medical Management -- Chapter 10: Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Function -- Chapter 11: Creatine, Brain Functioning, and Behavior -- Chapter 12: Theanine, Mood, and Behavior -- Chapter 13: Caffeine : Practical Implications -- Chapter 14: Caffeine Effects on Aggression and Risky Decision Making -- Back Cover.
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-20
    Beschreibung: Despite its long history of use and abuse in human culture, the molecular basis for alcohol action in the brain is poorly understood. The recent determination of the atomic-scale structure of GLIC, a prokaryotic member of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family, provides a unique opportunity to characterize the structural basis for modulation of these channels, many of which are alcohol targets in brain. We observed that GLIC recapitulates bimodal modulation by n-alcohols, similar to some eukaryotic pLGICs: methanol and ethanol weakly potentiated proton-activated currents in GLIC, whereas n-alcohols larger than ethanol inhibited them. Mapping of residues important to alcohol modulation of ionotropic receptors for glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and acetylcholine onto GLIC revealed their proximity to transmembrane cavities that may accommodate one or more alcohol molecules. Site-directed mutations in the pore-lining M2 helix allowed the identification of four residues that influence alcohol potentiation, with the direction of their effects reflecting α-helical structure. At one of the potentiation-enhancing residues, decreased side chain volume converted GLIC into a highly ethanol-sensitive channel, comparable to its eukaryotic relatives. Covalent labeling of M2 positions with an alcohol analog, a methanethiosulfonate reagent, further implicated residues at the extracellular end of the helix in alcohol binding. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the structural consequences of a potentiation-enhancing mutation and suggested a structural mechanism for alcohol potentiation via interaction with a transmembrane cavity previously termed the “linking tunnel.” These results provide a unique structural model for independent potentiating and inhibitory interactions of n-alcohols with a pLGIC family member.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-09
    Beschreibung: The tracking and projection of emerging epidemics is hindered by the disconnect between apparent epidemic dynamics, discernible from noisy and incomplete surveillance data, and the underlying, imperfectly observed, system. Behavior changes compound this, altering both true dynamics and reporting patterns, particularly for diseases with nonspecific symptoms, such as influenza. We disentangle these effects to unravel the hidden dynamics of the 2009 influenza A/H1N1pdm pandemic in London, where surveillance suggests an unusual dominant peak in the summer. We embed an age-structured model into a Bayesian synthesis of multiple evidence sources to reveal substantial changes in contact patterns and health-seeking behavior throughout the epidemic, uncovering two similar infection waves, despite large differences in the reported levels of disease. We show how this approach, which allows for real-time learning about model parameters as the epidemic progresses, is also able to provide a sequence of nested projections that are capable of accurately reflecting the epidemic evolution.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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