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Formation of ice XII at different conditions (1999)

Koza, Michael ; Schober, Helmut ; Tölle, Albert ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.

Nature 397 (1999), S. 660-661

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] The structural versatility of solid water has been reinforced by the identification of a metastable, crystalline phase called ice XII (ref. 1). It was obtained by cooling liquid water to 260 K at a pressure of 0.55 GPa. We have found ice XII in a completely different region of water's ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/17717

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Age- and sex-distribution of the mutation load (1999)

Hansen, Thomas F. ; Price, Donald K.

Springer

Genetica 106 (1999), S. 251-262

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ISSN: 1573-6857

Keywords: age ; deleterious mutations ; germ-line mutation ; Lek paradox ; mutation load ; mutation–selection balance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We investigate the age and sex distribution of genetic fitness under mutation–selection balance by means of simple one-locus two-allele models. We find that the extent of age and sex variation in the mutation load is very dependent on the average effect of new mutations. If the average heterozygote selective effect of new mutations is large, then age and sex differences may constitute a significant fraction of the total load, and be significant as compared to standing genetic variation. Whether the mutation load will increase or decrease with age depends on the age- and sex-specific effects of the new mutations, and on the rate of accumulation of mutations in the germ line as individuals age. We argue that the load will most likely increase with age in animals with continuous germ-cell division throughout life, and that this will occur even when mutations have unconditionally deleterious effects. We show that a male-biased mutation rate is likely to result in both a male-biased mutation load and a load that increases with male age.