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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth Responses, Tissue Composition, and Liver Enzyme Changes in Juvenile Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis , Associated with Dietary Protein and Lipid Level
    Informa UK Limited ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Applied Aquaculture Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 1999-12), p. 41-51
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Aquaculture, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 1999-12), p. 41-51
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-4438 , 1545-0805
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1300/J028v09n04_05
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2113047-4
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Primers to O-Antigen Biosynthesis Genes for Specific Detection of Escherichia coli O157 by PCR
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 65, No. 7 ( 1999-07), p. 2954-2960
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 7 ( 1999-07), p. 2954-2960
    Abstract: The chemical composition of each O-antigen subunit in gram-negative bacteria is a reflection of the unique DNA sequences within each rfb operon. By characterizing DNA sequences contained with each rfb operon, a diagnostic serotype-specific probe to Escherichia coli O serotypes that are commonly associated with bacterial infections can be generated. Recently, from an E. coli O157:H7 cosmid library, O-antigen-positive cosmids were identified with O157-specific antisera. By using the cosmid DNAs as probes, several DNA fragments which were unique to E. coli O157 serotypes were identified by Southern analysis. Several of these DNA fragments were subcloned from O157-antigen-positive cosmids and served as DNA probes in Southern analysis. One DNA fragment within plasmid pDS306 which was specific for E. coli O157 serotypes was identified by Southern analysis. The DNA sequence for this plasmid revealed homology to two rfb genes, the first of which encodes a GDP-mannose dehydratase. These rfb genes were similar to O-antigen biosynthesis genes in Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8. An oligonucleotide primer pair was designed to amplify a 420-bp DNA fragment from E. coli O157 serotypes. The PCR test was specific for E. coli O157 serotypes. PCR detected as few as 10 cells with the O157-specific rfb oligonucleotide primers. Coupled with current enrichment protocols, O157 serotyping by PCR will provide a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for identifying E. coli O157.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.7.2954-2960.1999
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal Changes in the Population Genetics of Salmonella pullorum
    JSTOR ; 1999
    In:  Avian Diseases Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 1999-10), p. 685-
    Details
    In: Avian Diseases, JSTOR, Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 1999-10), p. 685-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0005-2086
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/1592738
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2116170-7
    SSG: 12,22
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Flocks Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR and 23S rRNA-PCR and Role of Litter in Its Transmission
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 1999-01), p. 260-263
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 1999-01), p. 260-263
    Abstract: Poultry has long been cited as a reservoir for Campylobacter spp., and litter has been implicated as a vehicle in their transmission. Chicks were raised on litter removed from a broiler house positive for Campylobacter jejuni . Litter was removed from the house on days 0, 3, and 9 after birds were removed for slaughter. Chicks were raised on these three litters under controlled conditions in flocks of 25. None of these birds yielded C. jejuni in their cecal droppings through 7 weeks. Two successive flocks from the same Campylobacter -positive broiler house were monitored for Campylobacter colonization. Campylobacter jejuni prevalence rates were determined for each flock. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and 23S rRNA-PCR typing methods were used to group isolates. A high prevalence (60%) of C. jejuni in flock 1 coincided with the presence of an RAPD profile not appearing in flock 2, which had a lower rate of prevalence (28%). A 23S rRNA-PCR typing method was used to determine if strains with different RAPD profiles and different prevalence rates contained different 23S sequences. RAPD profiles detected with higher prevalence rates contained a spacer in the 23S rRNA region 100% of the time, while RAPD profiles found with lower prevalence rates contained an intervening sequence less than 2% of the time. Data suggest varying colonizing potentials of different RAPD profiles and a source other than previously used litter as a means of transmission of C. jejuni . These molecular typing methods demonstrate their usefulness, when used together, in this epidemiologic investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.1.260-263.1999
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Incidence and Characterization of Integrons, Genetic Elements Mediating Multiple-Drug Resistance, in Avian Escherichia coli
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 1999-12), p. 2925-2929
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 12 ( 1999-12), p. 2925-2929
    Abstract: Antibiotic resistance among avian bacterial isolates is common and is of great concern to the poultry industry. Approximately 36% ( n = 100) of avian, pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from diseased poultry exhibited multiple-antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and gentamicin. Clinical avian E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of markers for class 1 integrons, the integron recombinase intI1 and the quaternary ammonium resistance gene qacEΔ1 , in order to determine the contribution of integrons to the observed multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Sixty-three percent of the clinical isolates were positive for the class 1 integron markers intI1 and qacEΔ1 . PCR analysis with the conserved class 1 integron primers yielded amplicons of approximately 1 kb from E. coli isolates positive for intI1 and qacEΔ1 . These PCR amplicons contained the spectinomycin-streptomycin resistance gene aadA1 . Further characterization of the identified integrons revealed that many were part of the transposon Tn 21 , a genetic element that encodes both antibiotic resistance and heavy-metal resistance to mercuric compounds. Fifty percent of the clinical isolates positive for the integron marker gene intI1 as well as for the qacEΔ1 and aadA1 cassettes also contained the mercury reductase gene merA . The correlation between the presence of the merA gene with that of the integrase and antibiotic resistance genes suggests that these integrons are located in Tn 21 . The presence of these elements among avian E. coli isolates of diverse genetic makeup as well as in Salmonella suggests the mobility of Tn 21 among pathogens in humans as well as poultry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.12.2925
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype typhimurium DT104 Based on a Gene Which Confers Cross-Resistance to Florfenicol and Chloramphenicol
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 1999-05), p. 1348-1351
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 1999-05), p. 1348-1351
    Abstract: Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ) DT104 (DT104) first emerged as a major pathogen in Europe and is characterized by its pentadrug-resistant pattern. It has also been associated with outbreaks in the United States. The organism typically carries resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in DT104 was determined by producing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli host strain clones from DT104 DNA. DNA from chloramphenicol-resistant clones was sequenced, and probes specific for the genes flo S. typhimurium ( flo St ), int , invA , and spvC were produced for colony blot hybridizations. One hundred nine Salmonella isolates, including 44 multidrug-resistant DT104 isolates, were tested to evaluate the specificities of the probes. The gene flo St , reported in this study, confers chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance on S. typhimurium DT104. Florfenicol resistance is unique to S. typhimurium DT104 and multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium isolates with the same drug resistance profile among all isolates evaluated. Of 44 DT104 isolates tested, 98% were detected based on phenotypic florfenicol resistance and 100% had the flo St -positive genotype. Resistances to florfenicol and chloramphenicol are conferred by the gene flo St , described in this paper. Presumptive identification of S. typhimurium DT104 can be made rapidly based on the presence of the flo St gene or its resulting phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.5.1348-1351.1999
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of a new Escherichia coli She haemolysin homolog in avian E. coli
    Elsevier BV ; 1999
    In:  Veterinary Microbiology Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 1999-4), p. 125-134
    Details
    In: Veterinary Microbiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 1999-4), p. 125-134
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-1135
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1135(98)00310-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498996-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Events in the Pathogenesis of Avian Salmonellosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 67, No. 7 ( 1999-07), p. 3580-3586
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 7 ( 1999-07), p. 3580-3586
    Abstract: Salmonellae are gastrointestinal pathogens of man and animals. However, strains that are host-specific avian pathogens are often avirulent in mammals, and those which are nonspecific are commensal in poultry. The objective of this study was to determine whether host specificity was exhibited by bacterial abilities to invade epithelial cells or resist leukocyte killing. In this study, leukocytes isolated from humans and chickens were used to kill Salmonella in vitro. Both Salmonella pullorum , an avian-specific serotype, and Salmonella typhimurium , a broad-host-range serotype, were sensitive to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from both species. Both serotypes replicated in cells of the MQ-NCSU avian-macrophage cell line. In contrast, S. pullorum was noninvasive for cultured epithelial Henle 407, chick kidney, chick ovary, and budgerigar abdominal tumor cells. In the bird challenge, however, S. typhimurium rapidly caused inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, but S. pullorum preferentially targeted the bursa of Fabricius prior to eliciting intestinal inflammation. Salmonella serotypes which cause typhoid fever in mice have been shown to target the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Observations from this study show that S. pullorum initiated a route of infection in chicks comparable to the route it takes in cases of enteric fever.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.67.7.3580-3586.1999
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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