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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Human placenta ; Elastic fibres ; Stem villus blood vessels ; Light microscopy ; Semiquantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In recent studies we described the presence of elastic-type blood vessels within trunci and rami chorii of human placental stem villi. For systemic and pulmonary hypertension it is known that elastic fibres are enhanced in arteries. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibres in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Twenty-six women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 25 patients with pre-eclampsia were investigated. Unfixed cryostat serial sections were processed for conventional orcein staining and for the demonstration of α-actin-immunoreactivity. The intensity of orcein staining of stem villus blood vessel walls was evaluated by a semiquantitative score method. Significant higher intensities of orcein staining (P〈0.00001) were calculated for blood vessel walls of placentae with pre-eclampsia. The amount of thick stem villus vessels (〉41 µm) increased during pre-eclampsia from 39 gestational weeks onwards. Our study demonstrates that segments of thick blood vessel walls and elastic-type vessel walls are increased in placental stem villi of patients with pre-eclampsia. This reaction may protect the fetal placental vessels and avert an increase of the fetal hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Remifentanil ; Alfentanil ; Risikopatienten ; kardiovaskuläre Allgemeinchirurgie ; Key words Remifentanil ; Alfentanil ; patients with cardiovascular disease ; Noncardiac surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Extubation and the immediate postoperative period are critical periods with strong sympatho-adrenergic stimulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate this period after balanced anaesthesia with remifentanil and alfentanil in cardiac risk patients. Methods: 52 patients with coronary artery disease or with risk factors for coronary heart disease scheduled for elective extraperitoneal and extrathoracic operation were included in this study. Anaesthesia was induced by intravenous administration of etomidate, vecuronium and remifentanil (n=27, 1 µg/kg) or alfentanil (n=25, 25 µg/kg). Anaesthesia was maintained with an Isoflurane/N2O/O2 mixture and by continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil (0,25 µg/kg/min) or alfentanil (45 µg/kg/h). During the first 60 minutes after extubation haemodynamic parameters were monitored and catecholamines were determined at defined time intervals. Parameters of recovery, the requirement of analgesics and cardiac medications were compared in both groups. Myocardial ischaemia was assessed by two-channel Holter electrocardiography. Results: The beginning of spontaneous respiration and time of extubation were similar in both groups. The time interval until opening eyes and the time between the beginning of spontaneous respiration and extubation was shorter in the patients treated with remifentanil. In this group patients suffered earlier from pain and had a higher pain score. Although the plasma catecholamines were comparable in both groups, in the patients treated with remifentanil changes in haemodynamic parameters were more pronounced. The incidence of shivering and the requirements of analgesics and cardiac medications were higher in these patients. The incidence of ST–segment changes indicating myocardial ischaemia was similar. Conclusions: After balanced anaesthesia with remifentanil a more pronounced sympatho-adrenergic stimulation occurs because of the more rapid clearance of the analgesic effect in the recovery period compared to alfentanil requiring more analgesics and medications for the control of the haemodynamic parameters. Because of these specific pharmacological effects the use of remifentanil in cardiac risk patients has to be critically discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Extubation und frühpostoperative Phase gehören zu den kritischen Abschnitten im perioperativen Verlauf mit ausgeprägten sympathiko-adrenergen Reaktionen. Die vorliegende Studie sollte diese Phase nach balancierter Anästhesie mit Remifentanil im Vergleich zu Alfentanil bei kardiovaskulären Risikopatienten untersuchen. Methodik: Es wurden 52 Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit oder dafür definierten Risikofaktoren einbezogen, die sich einer Operation ohne Körperhöhleneröffnung unterziehen mußten. Die Narkoseeinleitung erfolgte mit Etomidat, Vecuronium, Remifentanil (n=27; 1 µg/kg) bzw. Alfentanil (n=25; 25 µg/kg); die Aufrechterhaltung mit einem Isofluran/N2O/O2-Gemisch und Remifentanil (0,25 µg/kg/min) bzw. Alfentanil (45 µg/kg/h). Zu definierten Zeitpunkten wurden Plasmakatecholaminspiegel und hämodynamische Parameter innerhalb 60 min nach Extubation bestimmt sowie im Gruppenvergleich Aufwachverhalten, Analgetikaverbrauch, Bedarf an kardiovaskulären Medikamenten und ST-Segment-Veränderungen erfaßt. Ergebnisse: Spontanatmungsbeginn und Extubationszeitpunkt waren in beiden Gruppen gleich. In der Remifentanilgruppe fanden sich kürzere Zeitintervalle zwischen Spontanatmung/Extubation und OP-Ende/ Augen öffnen. Diese Patienten hatten frühzeitigere, stärkere Schmerzen und häufiger Shivering mit einem höheren Verbrauch an Analgetika. Bei vergleichbaren Plasmakatecholaminspiegeln zeigten die Patienten der Remifentanilgruppe frühpostoperativ ausgeprägtere hämodynamische Veränderungen, die verstärkt zur medikamentösen Intervention (Analgetika, Antihypertensiva) zwangen. Gruppenunterschiede für pathologische ST-Segment-Veränderungen ließen sich bei kleiner Patientenzahl nicht statistisch sichern. Schlußfolgerungen: In der Aufwachphase nach balancierter Anästhesie mit Remifentanil kommt es aufgrund des raschen Wirkungsverlusts zur ausgeprägteren sympathiko-adrenergen Reaktion im Vergleich zu Alfentanil mit einem Mehrbedarf an Analgetika und Medikamenten zur Kontrolle der Hämodynamik. Bedingt durch dieses Wirkungsprofil muß deshalb der Einsatz beim kardiovaskulären Risikopatienten kritisch überdacht werden und Therapierichtlinien für die Führung der frühpostoperativen Phase erarbeitet werden.
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