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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of monodomain Nd-Fe-B-C nanoparticles : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5293-5295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanoparticles of Nd-Fe-B-C with their crystal structure similar to the Nd2Fe14B phase were generated in a carbon arc. With an average diameter of less than 40 nm, they are monodomain. They have a smaller room-temperature coercivity than would be predicted from the bulk magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, their coercivity is greater than was previously observed in particles 〈5 μm prepared by spark erosion. While the carbon arc process is useful for making small carbon-coated particles which resist oxidation, here dispersion of excess Nd in the carbon matrix results in a significant paramagnetic signal. The dc demagnetization curves enable the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic contributions to be distinguished. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361355
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic characteristics of RCo13−xSix alloys (R=La, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Dy) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5949-5951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetism of LaCo13-type alloys such as LaCo13, PrCo13−xSix, etc., has recently received considerable attention as potentially useful magnetic materials. The present study is concerned with RCo13−xSix where R=La, Pr, Nd, Gd or Dy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and structural characteristics of LaCo9+δSi4 and LaCo8.5+δSi4.5 alloys (δ=0–4) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6331-6333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: LaCo9+δSi4 and LaCo8.5+δSi4.5 alloys with δ=0 to 4 have been synthesized and characterized. The stoichiometric alloys (δ=0) have low Tc and small moments, whereas the alloys with δ≠0 have larger Tc and magnetization. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361989
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron redistribution in a shallow δ-doped Si structure after solid phase epitaxial growth (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2734-2736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combination of nuclear reaction analysis, high-resolution sectioning methods, and time-resolved reflectivity have been used to study the boron redistribution from a shallow δ-doped layer in silicon, following deep amorphization and subsequent solid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG). A significant fraction of the boron was found to move into the top 20 nm undoped Si cap layer after SPEG. Over the temperature range of 550–600 °C, the fraction of boron accumulating in the cap layer is increased with the SPEG temperatures. Boron redistribution was enhanced in the sample which was etched in HF prior to SPEG. Possible contributing factors are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117694
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of backsurface argon bombardment on SiO2–Si interface characteristics (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2687-2689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low-energy (550 eV) argon-ion beam was used to directly bombard the backsurface of polysilicon-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors after the completion of all conventional processing steps. The interface characteristics of the MOS capacitors were investigated. The results show that, as the bombardment dose increases, the active dopant concentration near the oxide-semiconductor interface gets higher; maximum midgap energy increases; and interface-state density becomes lower. This simple technique is compatible with existing integrated-circuit processing, and can easily improve the interface characteristics, and therefore the electrical characteristics of MOS devices. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased production of IFNγ and increased production of IL-6 by cord blood mononuclear cells of newborns with a high risk of allergy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The underlying mechanisms of elevated IgE level in atopic patients are still obscure, however, extensive efforts have been tried to identify an immunological parameter as a predictor of atopy.Objective This study compared the difference in cytokine production by cord blood mononuclear cells between new borns with high-risk of allergy (family allergy score, FAS ± 3) and those with low-risk (FAS = 0).Methods Following stimulation with PHA(100 μg/mL) and PMA (1 ng/mL), the cytokines produced by cord blood CD4+ T cells in the presence of monocytes were measured by ELISA kits and the mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.Results Our results showed: CD4+ T cells in the presence of monocytes and isolated monocytes from the high-risk group produced a much greater amount of IL-6, either spontaneously or after stimulation, than did those of the low-risk group; CD4+ T cells of low-risk group produced a significantly greater amount of interferon gamma (IFNγ) than did those from the high-risk group; IL-4 cannot be detected by ELISA kit, and only a trace amount of IL-4 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR technique; cord blood basophils stimulated with PHA and PMA could produce a significant amount of IL-4; there was an inverse correlation between the production of IFNγ and cord blood IgE level (high-risk group, r - 0.647, n = 17) and the number of natural killer (NK) cells (CD3− CD16+ CD56+) was signiticantly lower in high-risk group than for low-risk group.Conclusion Our data suggested increased production of IL-6 and decreased production of IFNγ of cord blood mononuclear cells appear to be the hallmark of newborns from the high-risk population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00555.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the integral approach to the local measure of the mean rotation in continuum mechanics (1996)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 119 (1996), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, we prove the representation of Cauchy's mean rotation as a local measure of the mean rotation and directly obtain its analytical expression in integral form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01274244
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of diaphragm neuromuscular junctions on different fibre types (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 25 (1996), S. 88-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We hypothesize that the morphology of the neuromuscular junction on different muscle fibre types varies, reflecting differences in activation history. In the rat diaphragm muscle, we used a three-colour fluorescent immunocytochemical technique to simultaneously visualize (1) innervating axons and presynaptic nerve terminals, (2) motor endplates and (3) myosin heavy chain isoform expression (muscle fibre type). Laser-scanning confocal microscopy was then used to optically section the triple-labelled muscle fibres, and create three-dimensional views of the neuromuscular junction. Type I fibres were innervated by the smallest axons, and type IIa, IIx and IIb fibres by progressively larger axons. Absolute planar areas of nerve terminals and endplates progressively increased from type I, IIa, IIx to IIb fibres. When normalized for fibre diameter planar areas of nerve terminals were largest on type I fibres, with no difference among type II fibres. The normalized planar area of endplates were larger for type I and IIb fibres, compared to type IIa and IIx fibres. The three-dimensional surface area of endplates was largest on type I fibres, with no differences across type II fibres. When normalized for fibre diameter, endplate surface areas increase progressively from type I, IIa, IIx to IIb fibres. The branches increased progressively from type I, IIa, IIx to IIb fibres. Conversely, individual branch length was longest on type I fibres, and shortest on type IIb fibres. The extent of overlap of pre- and postsynaptic elements of the neuromuscular junction decreased progressively on type I, IIa, IIx and IIb fibres. We conclude that these morphological differences at the neuromuscular function of different fibre types reflect differences in activation history and may underlie phenotypic differences in neuromuscular transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284788
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SELF-SCALING IMPLICIT SQP METHOD FOR LARGE SCALE STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1933-1953 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: structures ; optimization ; large scale ; structural design ; sequential quadratic programming ; self-scaling ; numerical algorithms ; algorithm evaluation ; test problems ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The basic idea of an implicit sequential quadratic programming (ISQP) method for constrained problems is to use the approximate Hessian of the Lagrangian without explicitly calculating and storing it. This overcomes one of the major drawbacks of the traditional SQP method where a large matrix needs to be calculated and stored. This concept of an implicit method is explained and an algorithm based on it is presented. The proposed method extends a similar algorithm for unconstrained problems where a two-loop recursion formula is used for the inverse Hessian matrix. The present paper develops a similar algorithm for not only the constrained problem but also the direct Hessian updates. Several scaling procedures for the Hessian are also presented and evaluated. The basic method and some of its variations are evaluated using a set of mathematical programming test problems, and a set of structural design test problems - small to larger scale. The ISQP method performs much better than a method that does not use any approximate Hessian matrix. Its performance is better than the full SQP method for larger scale problems. The test results also show that an appropriate scaling of the Hessian can improve both efficiency and reliability substantially.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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