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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized light scattering from large quantum systems with zero initial and final angular momentum (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 7394-7401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We consider the scattering of light from a molecule or a cluster. The scattering may be elastic or inelastic, but we limit ourselves to the special case of transitions from initial states having total angular momentum number J=0 to final states also having J=0. In practice, this covers elastic scattering from clusters as the rotational temperature drops toward absolute zero. This hypothesis allows us to do the orientation average at the amplitude level, a method fundamentally incorrect in the general case. Without approximation, we are able to deduce the pattern of the observable Mueller matrix M of the scattering. We find a new symmetry that reflects the spherical nature of the J=0 states: M11+M33=M22+M44. This result includes all multipole orders of the scattered light, and is therefore valid for clusters large compared to wavelength, as well as for small clusters. In an Appendix, we discuss a new generating function for orientation averages, which allows one to make exact tensor averages weighted by two plane waves (for scattering, one incoming and one outgoing).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462442
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure Alters the Function of Hippocampal Kainate Receptors Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of acute and extended ethanol exposure on N-methyl-d-aspartate- and kainate-induced currents were examined electrophysiologically in Xenopus oocytes expressing rat hippocampal mRNA. Ethanol inhibited responses stimulated by low and high concentrations of N-methyl-d-aspartate to a similar degree. However, responses produced by low or high concentrations of kainate were differentially inhibited by ethanol. Low kainate concentration responses were much more sensitive to ethanol than high kainate concentrations (e.g., 50 mM ethanol inhibited 12.5 μM kainate responses by 45% compared to 15% inhibition of 400 μM kainate responses). In oocytes cultured in 100 mM ethanol for 1–5 days, the ethanol inhibition of maximum N-methyl-d-aspartate and kainate responses was not different from that in non–ethanol-exposed oocytes. Ethanol treatment, however, selectively decreased the ethanol sensitivity of low kainate concentration responses. Currents stimulated by N-methyl-d-aspartate or kainate were not different between control and ethanol-treated oocytes, indicating that ethanol exposure did not interfere with channel expression. The selective actions of acute and extended ethanol exposure on low kainate responses may indicate selective actions of ethanol on subtypes of kainate receptors expressed in oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11380.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling Diffuse Pollution of Groundwater from Agriculture and Industry (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The greatest threat of contamination to groundwater resources is posed by pollutants from diffuse sources, yet legislation in the UK has until recently been focused on point sources. The problem of widespread pollution from industrial sources is described and compared with that from agriculture. The legislative controls available under the Water Resources Act 1991 are outlined, and the approach adopted by the National Rivers Authority in its Groundwater Protection Policy is discussed with respect to the concept of groundwater vulnerability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00792.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible Substrates of Ethanol Reinforcement: GABA and Dopamine (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 654 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25956.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design at nanometric dimensions to enhance hydrophobicity-induced pKa shifts (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 (1992), S. 8716-8717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00048a064
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response times during anaesthesia of pulse oximeters measuring oxygen saturations during hypoxaemic events (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Episodes of desaturation were recorded simultaneously by computer from two Ohmeda Biox 3700 pulse oximeters, one with an ear and one with a finger probe, on patients undergoing anaesthesia. Over a period of 6 months, 28 episodes of desaturation were detected. Analysis of the recordings showed the mean minimum saturations recorded for ear and finger probes were 86.3% and 83.5% respectively (p 〈 0.01). The mean delay for finger compared to ear pulse oximetry was 4.4 s (p 〈 0.01). Analysis at different saturation levels showed finger probe responses to be significantly slower than ear probe responses at saturations equal to and above 91% (p 〈 0.05). At saturation levels of 90% or less no significant difference in probe response times were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb01945.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of CLA with BPT, SPT, and RAST in children with asthma (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bronchial provocation tests (BPT) with allergen extracts were performed in 82 children with asthma, and the results were compared with the chemiluminescent assay (CLA), the radio-allergo-sorbent-test (RAST) and skin prick test (SPT). It was found that CLA matched BPT with a concordance of 87% (77–93%), RAST with a concordance of 74% (64–83%) and SPT with 80% (70–88%). Most often, CLA and RAST gave similar results, although their classes did not match precisely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02246.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Carnosine ; Anserine ; Skeletal muscle buffering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The content of anserine and carnosine in the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle of 50 healthy, human subjects has been studied. Anserine was undetectable in all muscle samples examined. Muscle carnosine values for the group conformed to a normal distribution with a mean (SD) value of 20.0 (4.7) mmol · kg−1 of dry muscle mass. The concentration of carnosine was significantly higher in the muscle of male subjects (21.3, 4.2 mmol · kg−1 dry mass) than in females of a similar age and training status (17.5, 4.8 mmol · kg−1 dry mass) (P〈 0.005). The test-retest reliability of measures was determined on a subgroup of 17 subjects. No significant difference in mean carnosine concentration was found between the two trials [21.5 (4.0) and 22.0 (5.2) mmol · kg−1 dry muscle mass; P〉0.05]. The importance of carnosine as a physicochemical buffer within human muscle was examined by calculating its buffering ability over the physiological pH range. From the range of carnosine concentrations observed (7.2–30.7 mmol · kg−1 dry muscle mass), it was estimated that the dipeptide could buffer between 2.4 and 10.1 mmol H+ · kg−1 dry mass over the physiological pH range 7.1–6.5, contributing, on average, approximately 7% to the total muscle buffering. This suggests that in humans, in contrast to many other species, carnosine is of only limited importance in preventing the reduction in pH observed during high intensity exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376439
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miniature, remotely-controlled microelectrode driver for use in conscious, unrestrained animals (1992)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 30 (1992), S. 248-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electrode microdrive ; Micromanipulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02446139
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrophobicity scale for proteins based on inverse temperature transitions (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 1243-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In general, proteins fold with hydrophobia residues buried, away from water. Reversible protein folding due to hydrophobia interactions results from inverse temperature transitions where folding occurs on raising the temperature. Because homoiothermic animals constitute an infinite heat reservoir, it is the transition temperature, Tt, not the endothermic heat of the transition, that determines the hydrophobically folded state of polypeptides at body temperature. Reported here is a new hydrophobicity scale based on the values of Tt for each amino acid residue as a guest in a natural repeating peptide sequence, the high polymers of which exhibit reversible inverse temperature transitions. Significantly, a number of ways have been demonstrated for changing Tt such that reversibly lowering Tt, from above to below physiological temperature becomes a means of isothermally and reversibly driving hydrophobic folding. Accordingly, controlling Tt, becomes a mechanism whereby proteins can be induced to carry out isothermal free energy transduction. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360320913
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