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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics of the ferroelectric nonvolatile memory field effect transistor (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5999-6010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The operation of the ferroelectric nonvolatile memory field effect transistor is theoretically examined extensively for the first time. The ferroelectric transistor device properties are derived by combining the silicon charge-sheet model of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor device operation with Maxwell's first equation which describes the properties of the ferroelectric film. The model we present describes ferroelectric transistor I-V and C-V behavior when time-dependent voltages are applied which result in hysteresis due to ferroelectric switching. The theoretical results provide unique insight into the effects of geometrical and material parameters on the electrical properties of the transistor. These parameters include the ferroelectric spontaneous and remanent polarization, the coercive field, and dielectric layer thicknesses. We have found that the conventional concept of threshold voltage is no longer useful, and that increasing the spontaneous polarization has only a minor impact on memory operation due to reverse dipole switching of the ferroelectric layer. The application of the model to optimize design and fabrication parameters is illustrated with a virtual prototyping example. The model is also used to develop a practical testing methodology for this unique device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351910
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branching ratios for infrared vibrational emission from NO(X 2Π,v'=2–13) (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 7555-7563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ratios of overtone and fundamental vibrational Einstein coefficients for NO(X 2Π) have been measured by spectrally resolved infrared chemiluminescence near 2.7–3.3 μm and 5.2–6.8 μm. The reactions of N(2D,2P) with O2, in the presence of a small background of He in a cryogenic low-pressure reactor, generated vibrationally excited, rotationally cold (60 K) NO(v), whose emission spectra were recorded with high spectral resolution. Least-squares spectral fitting analysis of the observed overtone and fundamental spectra gave vibrational band intensities, whose ratios at each emitting vibrational level v' yielded the (Δv=2)/(Δv=1) Einstein coefficient ratios for v'=2–13. The results provide comparisons to previous theoretical and experimental data, and reflect the behavior of the dipole moment function for NO(X 2Π). The measured ratios indicate an overtone Einstein coefficient A2,0=0.94±0.11 s−1 for an assumed fundamental value A1,0=13.4 s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the cycling degradation of silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor transistors (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2101-2103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model has been developed to predict cycling-induced threshold voltage shifts of silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor transistors. The model is based on the mechanism of hole transport through the tunnel oxide. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the model accurately predicts cycling behavior for a wide range of cycling parameters. Only two simple experiments are required to determine the model parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis and condensation coupling of (trimethoxysilyl)phenyl-terminated polystyrene macromonomers (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00027a009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ALVIN investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5° W (1992)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 14 (1992), S. 207-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: plate tectonics ; seafloor spreading ; rift propagation ; rift failure ; lithospheric transfer ; magmatic differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract ALVIN investigations have defined the fine-scale structural and volcanic patterns produced by active rift and spreading center propagation and failure near 95.5° W on the Galapagos spreading center. Behind the initial lithospheric rifting, which is propagating nearly due west at about 50 km m.y.−1, a triangular block of preexisting lithosphere is being stretched and fractured, with some recent volcanism along curving fissures. A well-organized seafloor spreading center, an extensively faulted and fissured volcanic ridge, develops ~ 10 km (~ 200,000 years) behind the tectonic rift tip. Regional variations in the chemical compositions of the youngest lavas collected during this program contrast with those encompassing the entire 3 m.y. of propagation history for this region. A maximum in degree of magmatic differentiation occurs about 9 km behind the propagating rift tip, in a region of diffuse rifting. The propagating spreading center shows a gentle gradient in magmatic differentiation culminating at the SW-curving spreading center tip. Except for the doomed rift, which is in a constructional phase, tectonic activity also dominates over volcanic activity along the failing spreading system. In contrast to the propagating rift, failing rift lavas show a highly restricted range of compositions consistent with derivation from a declining upwelling zone accompanying rift failure. The lithosphere transferred from the Cocos to the Nazca plate by this propagator is extensively faulted and characterized by ubiquitous talus in one of the most tectonically disrupted areas of seafloor known. The pseudofault scarps, where the preexisting lithosphere was rifted apart, appear to include both normal and propagator lavas and are thus more lithologically complex than previously thought. Biological communities, probably vestimentiferan tubeworms, occur near the top of the outer pseudofault scarp, although no hydrothermal venting was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270630
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related differences in the effect of in vivo administration of indomethacin on hemopoietic cell lineages of the spleen and bone marrow of mice (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 674-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Indomethacin ; hemopoietic cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During 21 days of indomethacin treatment, erythroid cells in the spleens of both young adult and older mice, and in the bone marrow of young adult mice, were increased significantly early, in treatment, relative to age-matched control organs, and remained high throughout treatment. During drug exposure, the numbers of myeloid cells in young adult bone marrow, but not spleen, were reduced, but in older mice these cells were elevated in both organs. Lymphoid cells in the young adult and older mouse spleens decreased and increased, respectively, during treatment, but were unchanged and decreased, respectively, in the bone marrow of young adult and older mice. Monocytemacrophage cells in the spleen were elevated but unchanged in the bone marrow of both age groups. During 14 days of indomethacin treatment of houng adult mice, the proportions of precursor cells in DNA synthesis of only the splenic erythroid lineage were increased. Thus, the major hemopoietic lineages in both the bone marrow and spleen are affected by exposure to indomethacin in a time-dependent and age-dependent manner. For all lineages studied, those of the bone marrow were least disturbed, and/or were first to recover, even during continued drug exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118317
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple medium for the primary isolation ofHaemophilus ducreyi (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 11 (1992), S. 930-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two simple, inexpensive media containing gonococcal agar-base, supplemented with 5 % Fildes' extract and either chocolated or unchocolated horse blood (GC-FHBC or GC-FHB) were compared with the standard gonococcal agar-based (GC-HgS) and Mueller-Hinton agar-based media (MH-HB) normally used for primary isolation ofHaemophilus ducreyi from presumptive chancroid lesions. Overall,Haemophilus ducreyi was recovered from 162 of 178 (91 %) samples from primary chancroid lesions. As a single isolation medium GC-HgS proved the most sensitive with an isolation rate of 80 % followed by GC-FHB (75 %), MH-HB and GC-FHC (both 71 %). Use of a combination of GC-HgS and MH-HB resulted in isolation ofHaemophilus ducreyi in 160 of 178 cases (90 %). Since GC-FHB is approximately one-quarter the cost of the combination and half the cost of GC-HgS or MH-HB alone, this medium could prove suitable for diagnostic purposes in developing countries where chancroid is endemic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962377
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airborne far-infrared heterodyne remote sensing of stratospheric OH: A feasibility study (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 13 (1992), S. 1241-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hydroxyl radicalOH is one of the most important, but yet least investigated, atmospheric species. For an improved understanding of its strong involvement in stratospheric chemistry, more data is needed which provides concentrations ofOh and related species at any latitude, longitude, season and day of time. This requirement can not be fulfilled by existing stratospheric sensors Balloon-borne sensors provide data up to 40km, yet they are subject to the typical restrictions for balloon operation, while airborne in-situ measurements are limited by the maximum altitude of the aircraft. In this study it is shown, that an airborne Far Infrared heterodyne receiver is able to meet the need for a versatile stratosphericOH sensor. Based on both the high spectral resolution and sensitivity of heterodyne receivers and the availability of airborne heterodyne technology it will be shown that this instrument is capable of retrieving data with the greatly expanded spatial and temporal coverage required. When operated on a standard aircraft at an altitude of 12km, the heterodyne receiver can retrieve concentration profiles from above the flight altitude with a typical altitude resolution of 5 to 7km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01009987
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The micocirculation of bone and marrow in the diaphysis of the rat hemopoietic long bones (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 233 (1992), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nature of the microcirculation of the diaphyseal portion of long bones and the adjacent bone marrow is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the blood supply in the diaphyseal cortex and the relationship of the bone vascular circulation to that of the bone marrow in the growing rat. India ink-gelatin was infused in the arterial system of 3-month-old rats and the vascularization was determined from histological sections. In some studies the periosteal circulation was blocked but the nutrient and metaphyseal arteriole systems were left intact. In the growing rat, most of the vascular flow appears to be centripetally through the diaphyseal cortex and this appears to be the primary blood supply for the adjacent bone marrow. The India ink traversed the cortex and entered the marrow through osteal canals at the endocortical surface. At the marrow-endocortical bone surface interface, ink exiting from the osteal canals filled the adjacent marrow sinusoids in what appeared as “bush-like” structures. From the bone marrow the ink appeared to drain into the central vein. Some arterioles from the nutrient system were found to penetrate the inner two thirds of the cortical bone and then re-enter the bone marrow. The centripetal flow of blood and the importance of the cortical flow for perfusion of the hemopoietic tissue was further documented when periosteal flow was obstructed. In this situation, the cortical bone and adjacent bone marrow were not perfused while the nutrient system and central vein were filled with ink. These results show that in the growing rat, the diaphyseal circulation is almost entirely centripetal and the adjacent hemopoietic tissues are perfused mostly with blood that must first traverse the cortical bone. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092330202
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