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  • Benzbromarone  (2)
  • Inclusion compounds  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1990  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 577-581 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Benzbromarone ; elimination phenotypes ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following oral administration of the uricosuric drug benzbromarone two major metabolites appear in the circulation, 1'-hydroxy-benzbromarone (M1), and a second product (M2) of unknown structure. The plasma concentrations of the parent drug and of M1 and M2 have now been compared in two different elimination phenotypes, 10 subjects who eliminated the drug rapidly (S1–10) and one individual (S11) whose elimination capacity was impaired, presumably due to genetic variation (S11). The AUC (0–96) of the parent drug in S11 was 145 gmg · ml−1 h, and in the other individuals it averaged 18.3 (11.4–24.5) μg · ml−1 h. The plasma elimination half life of benzbromarone was 3.34 (1.77–5.24) h in the rapid eliminators, and 13.08 h in the subject with the elimination defect. The mean plasma elimination half life of the metabolites in S1–10 amounted to 20.1 (11.9–41.2) h for M1, and 17.2 (12.9–30.7) h for M2. In S11 the plasma elimination half life of M1 was prolonged to 76.6 h, and of M2 to 75.4 h. Thus, the elimination defect in S11 was not restricted to the parent drug, but it also involved the two major metabolites M1 and M2. This might be a consequence of a hepatic enzyme deficiency, or be due to impairment of drug excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Benzbromarone ; elimination ; phenotype distribution ; drug metabolism ; drug polymorphism ; adverse reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma benzbromarone concentration-time profile in a healthy subject who retained the compound much longer than other individuals is described. The data suggested that determination of the 24 h plasma concentration of the parent drug after a single oral dose of 100 mg benzbromarone would be an appropriate procedure to determine the elimination phenotype. Based on this procedure, 148 of 153 healthy individuals (97%) in a population study were found to eliminate benzbromarone rapidly. In one subject the 24 h benzbromarone plasma concentration was very similar to the that observed in the individual who had been more fully characterized. Four participants gave intermediate results. The data are compatible with a bimodal or trimodal distribution of different benzbromarone elimination phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compounds ; X-ray structure analysis ; carboxylic acid clathrates ; H-bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of the inclusion compounds oftrans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano-anthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid host (1) with formic acid (1a), acetic acid (1b), and propionic acid (1c) as guests, and of the coordinatoclathrate of the 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid host (2) with acetic acid as guest (2b) have been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. These studies show that inclusion of small carboxylic acids by carboxylic acid hosts like1 and2 results in formation of isolated, hydrogen-bonded guest dimers. Additional H-bond contacts between host and guest carboxylic groups are only formed in cases1a and2b. The dimeric acidic guest units are sitting in the cavities of the host or host-guest framework and have no other interactions than those of a weak Van der Waals' type with the neighbouring molecules. Crystal data:1·formic acid (1:2): triclinic (PĪ),a = 11.6769(6),b = 9.4067(4),c = 9.0020(4) Å,a = 81.522(4), β = 100.310(6), γ = 104.208(6)°,Z = 2,R = 0.048 for 2392 reflections;1·acetic acid (1:1): monoclinic (P21/n),a = 9.717(2),b = 14.462(2),c = 13.038(3)Å, β = 104.27(1)°,Z=4,R=0.046 for 3042 observations;1·propionic acid (1:1): monoclinic (P21/n),a = 9.897(4),b = 14.671(7),c = 13.284(7) Å, β = 105.92(6)°,Z = 4,R = 0.056 for 2302 reflections;2·acetic acid (2:3): triclinic (PĪ),a = 12.746(1),b = 17.781(2),c = 11.010(1) Å, α = 105.606(4), β = 112.992(8), γ = 81.175(6)°,Z = 2,R = 0.067 for 4375 observations.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compounds ; X-ray crystal structure analysis ; DMSO clathrates ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of four dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) inclusion compounds with different carboxylic acid hosts,1–4, have been studied by single crystal X-ray analysis. Crystals of thetrans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid inclusion compound (1a), [1 · DMSO (1: 1)] show monoclinic (P21/n) symmetry with the unit cell dimensionsa = 11.522(4),b = 18.658(2),c = 8.709(1) Å and β = 98.92(2)°. The clathrate of the 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid (2a), [2 · DMSO (1: 2)] is triclinic (PĪ) with the cell dimensionsa = 15.043(7),b =9.657(4),c = 8.118(7) Å, α = 101.81(5), β = 96.05(4) and γ = 100.04(4)°. Triclinic (PĪ) symmetry is shown also by the inclusion compound of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11-monocarboxylic acid (3a) [3 · DMSO (1:1)] with the cell dimensionsa=6.3132(1),b=7.9846(2),c=17.5314(4) Å, α = 96.46(2), β = 87.08(2) and γ = 106.02(2)°. The 9,9′-bianthryl-2-monocarboxylic acid clathrate (4a) [4 · DMSO (1:1)] is monoclinic (P21/n) and the cell dimensions area = 19.625(18),b = 8.817(1),c = 14.076(8) Å and β = 97.92(6)°. In all these structures, the hosts show the same basic recognition pattern for the DMSO guest, involving a strong O-H ... O bond from the COON to the S=O group, and a possible C-H ... O type interaction between the carbonyl O atom of the host and a CH3 group of the guest. The crystals consist of discrete host-guest aggregates which are mainly held together by weak intermolecular interactions of the Van der Waals' type. The stoichiometries of the aggregates are, however, different.
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