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  • Chemistry  (1)
  • Fracture  (1)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1989  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 17 (1989), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Bone ; Densitometry ; Osteoporosis ; Fracture ; Skeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several noninvasive measurement methods are used for evaluation of metabolic disease. Single-photon (125I) scans of the peripheral skeleton are useful in some diseases but are ineffective in osteoporosis (even on the distal radius or os calcis) because they cannot predict spinal or femoral density. Also, peripheral measurements show high percentages of false negatives, that is many patients with fractures have normal peripheral density. Dual-photon (153Gd) scans of the spine, femur, and total skeleton are precise and accurate (2% error) and provide direct measurements of bone strength at fracture sites. This gives the best discrimination of abnormality and the most sensitive monitoring. Quantitative computed computed tomography (QCT) allows measurement of the spine but not the critical proximal femur area. QCT has a large accuracy error because (a) the limited are measured (under 5 cm3) fails to represent the total vertebral body, (b) technical errors and (c) variable fat and osteoid influence the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 61 (1989), S. 136-140 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Accuracy of dosage. Confusion sometimes surrounds the concept of dosage accuracy. For this reason, standard definitions and testing and calculation procedures are proposed for dosage accuracy, dosage error, and dosage constancy. Representation of the relationship between dosage error and dosage constancy within the area of tolerance of the dosage accuracy is new. Since the measurement of all error quantities is always bound to relate terms such as short-term, long-term, and momentary dosage error to a stated time base. This also facilitates a conceptually smooth transition to operating dosage errors observed in long-term operation. It would be convenient if some standardization of the concepts, and possibly a set of rules, could be developed on this basis. Evaluation of measured results on comparing guarantees would then be conducted in relation to the accuracy of measurement.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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