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  • Articles  (44)
  • Springer  (25)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (6)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (5)
  • MDPI Publishing  (2)
  • Oxford University Press  (2)
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  • 2014  (17)
  • 1999  (18)
  • 1984  (9)
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  • Articles  (44)
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  • 2010-2014  (17)
  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1980-1984  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 855-858 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cushing's syndrome ; Pathogenesis of hypertension ; Renin angiotensin system ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To analyse the role of the renin angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome ten patients with hypercorticism (five with pituitary hypothalamic dysfunction, three with adrenal adenomas and two with adrenal carcinomas) received a single oral dose of 25 mg captopril. Mean arterial pressure was then determined at short intervals over periods of up to 240 min. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured immediately before the administration of captopril. Eleven patients with severe essential hypertension, who showed a comparable distribution of basal PRA values, served as a control. Patients with elevated basal PRA values (〉3 ng/ml·3 h) showed, both in the subgroup of cases with essential hypertension and in that with Cushing's syndrome, a statistically significant fall (P〈0.05−P〈0.001) in mean arterial pressure, the decrease being slightly more pronounced in essential hypertensives. On the other hand patients with normal PRA values (≦3 ng/ml·3 h) exhibited only a minor fall in mean arterial pressure reaching statistical significance (P〈0.05) only after 60 min (essential hypertension) and 180 min (Cushing's syndrome), respectively. Our results document that in patients with Cushing's syndrome the effect of captopril seems to be determined by the activity of the renin angiotensin system. Thus, in a substantial number of patients with hypercorticism, the renin angiotensin system may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension, whereas in patients with low PRA values other factors like oversecretion of mineralocorticoids may be responsible for the observed blood pressure increases.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Captopril ; Kidney function ; Essential hypertension ; Renovascular hypertension ; Renal parenchymatous hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study long-term effects of captopril on renal function in patients with various forms of severe hypertension, serum creatinine values were monitored in 76 patients under captopril therapy over a period of up to 3 years. Three different groups were formed: (1) patients with essential hypertension (n=37); (2) patients with renovascular hypertension (n=20); (3) patients with renal parenchymatous hypertension (n=19). In each of the three groups reduction in blood pressure was accompanied by increases in serum creatinine. However, both changes were more pronounced in patients with renovascular hypertension. In this group only the rise in creatinine was statistically significant and showed a slight progression with duration of captopril treatment. Group specific analysis revealed that the increase was smaller in patients with unilateral (n=16) renovascular disease than in those with bilateral (n=4) involvement, but in the former it was still significantly higher than in patients with essential or renal parenchymatous hypertension. Separation of patients according to the underlying disease of renovascular hypertension showed that renal function deteriorated less in patients with arteriosclerotic origin (n=10) than in those with fibromuscular dysplasia (n=8). Statistical evaluation of subjects with renovascular and essential hypertension still revealed significant differences in creatinine when the patients with initial plasma renin activity (PRA) below and above 6 ng/ml·3 h were compared separately. A significant correlation (r=0.73;P〈0.05) between blood pressure reduction and creatinine changes was obtained only for patients with renovascular hypertension. Finally, in all three groups of patients creatinine changes were statistically independent from daily dosages of captopril. From these data we conclude that sustained impairment of kidney function by captopril is mainly restricted to patients with renovascular hypertension and possibly results from the combined effects of low renal perfusion pressure and interference with intrarenal regulation of glomerular filtration rate by a postulated angiotensin-II-mediated mechanism.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 925-930 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) ; Clonidine ; Essential hypertension ; Skin allergy ; Clonidine allergy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin patches of a clonidine transdermal therapeutic system (clonidine-TTS) with a constant release rate of either 0.1 or 0.2 mg clonidine/24 h continuously over 7 days were used in 32 essential hypertensives. These self-adhesive drug delivery systems (3.5 cm2), which were affixed to the upper outer arm, were changed by the patients at weekly intervals. During a mean observation period of 7 months (range 1–19 months) transdermal clonidine reduced the blood pressure from 162±15/107±5 mmHg to normal values (diastolic ≦95 mmHg) in 63% of our patients. However, chronic use of clonidine-TTS was accompanied by a high frequency of contact dermatitis (type IV allergy) in nearly half of our patients (n=15, 47%). In 11 of these 15 patients transdermal clonidine administration had to be stopped because of intolerable local skin reactions (pruritus, erythema, vesiculation, and/or infiltration). Subsequent patch testing with all components of clonidine-TTS was performed in eight cases. Whereas in seven cases an allergic contact dermatitis to clonidine was found, only one patient showed an allergy to another component of clonidine-TTS (polyisobutylene). We conclude that this strikingly high incidence of local allergic skin reactions limits the use of clonidine-TTS in essential hypertension.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 470-476 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenal carcinomas ; Aldosterone secretion ; Hypokalemic alkalosis ; Operation ; Chemotherapy with o,p′-DDD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study two patients with aldosterone-producing adrenal carcinomas are reported. The clinical features were characterized by hypertension and severe hypokalemia with muscular weakness, flaccid paralysis of arms and legs, diarrhea and polyuria. In both cases excessively high plasma aldosterone levels and suppressed plasma renin activity were found. In contrast to most other cases with aldosterone-secreting tumours plasma cortisol, urinary free cortisol excretion, 17-hydroxy- and 17-ketosteroids were in the normal range. There was no clinical evidence of oversecretion of sex hormones. After adrenalectomy blood pressure and serum potassium normalized and the clinical symptoms disappeared. Plasma aldosterone and urinary aldosterone secretion returned to normal, while plasma renin activity remained low. Three and a half and 6 months later primary aldosteronism and the associated clinical symptoms reappeared due to hormonally active metastases. After introducing the antitumour drug o,p′-DDD in patient 1 aldosterone secretion normalized and the clinical status of the patient markedly improved. However, 10 months after diagnosis the patient died due to a haemorrhage from a liver metastasis. In patient 2 tumour-invaded regional lymph nodes were surgically removed with only minor changes in the hormone pattern.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 23.20.En Angular distribution and correlation measurements – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions – 27.80.+w 190 ≤ A ≤ 219
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: High–spin states in 200Hg have been investigated by in–beam γ–ray spectroscopy following the reaction 198Pt(9Be,α3n). The α–emission channel leading to 200Hg is strongly enhanced which may be explained by an incomplete fusion reaction with pre–equilibrium emission of the α particle. The level scheme is extended to higher spins and new band crossings are observed. The band structures are compared to the lighter Hg isotopes with even mass number.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 233-237 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.10.-h; 81.15Pq; 61.82.-d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Copper single-crystals are grown by a galvanic method, using etched ion tracks in a polymer foil as templates. The copper deposition is carried out by reversible pulse electrolysis in an ultrasonic field. The method applied for this purpose permits fabrication of stable standing cylindrical single crystals with diameters in the nanometer and micrometer range with high aspect ratio and density of 105–107 per cm2 on a large area. The experimental results obtained in this way are compared with the results obtained by direct current plating under ultrasonic treatment and sole reversible electrolysis. The effects of all these deposition processes on the structure of copper claddings are shown.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Colorectal liver metastases ; Non-colorectal liver metastases ; Intra-arterial chemotherapy ; Portal chemotherapy ; Regional chemotherapy in combination with temporary occlusion. ; Schlüsselwörter: Colorectale Lebermetastasen ; nicht colorectale Lebermetastasen ; intraarterielle Chemotherapie ; portale Chemotherapie ; intraperitoneale Chemotherapie ; regionale Chemotherapie in Kombination mit passagerer Occlusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Eine Metastasierung kann bei zahlreichen Tumoren zunächst auf die Leber beschränkt sein. Bei nichtresektablen Befunden wurden zahlreiche regionale Therapiemodalitäten insbesondere die intraarterielle (i.a.) Chemotherapie vorteilhafter als eine systemische Behandlung angesehen, während nur in Ausnahmen eine portale oder intraperitoneale Therapie erfolgreich war. Nach Weiterentwicklung der arteriellen Langzeittherapie mit Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) und dem Einsatz implantierbarer Pumpen oder Portsysteme konnte bei Lebermetastasen colorectaler Tumoren eine hohe Ansprechrate erreicht werden. Eine Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit konnte aber nur im Vergleich mit einer lediglich symptomatisch behandelten Kontrollgruppe bewiesen werden. Aufgrund einer hohen lokalen Toxizität der i. a. FUdR-Therapie über 14 Tage, wie chemischer Hepatitis und biliärer Sklerose, wurde in Europa eine effektive i. a. folinsäuremodulierte 5-Fluorouracil-Therapie entwickelt. Der randomisierte Vergleich zeigte eine Überlegenheit dieser i. a. 5-FU-Therapie vs. i. a. FUdR. Gegenüber einer systemischen 5-FU/FS-Therapie profitierten jedoch nur Patienten mit einem Tumorvolumen 〈 25 % in der Subgruppenanalyse. Die Wertigkeit der arteriellen Behandlung bleibt trotz hoher Ansprechraten fraglich. Über eine arterielle Behandlung von Mamma-, Magen- oder Carcinoidlebermetastasen liegen nur wenige Berichte vor. Somit stellt die i. a. Therapie als primäre Option außerhalb von Studien kein Standardverfahren dar. Die zahlreichen Erfahrungen und neue Substanzen ermöglichen aber die Konzeption attraktiver regionaler Studien.
    Notes: Summary. In numerous tumors, metastasis can be limited to the liver. In non-resectable patients, regional treatment modalities, especially arterial cytostatic infusion, are favored in contrast to systemic chemotherapy, whereas intraportal or intraperitoneal application is not successful. Improved results with high response rates have been reported after development of intra-arterial (i.a.) long-term regimens with FUdR in patients with colorectal liver metastases using implantable pumps and ports. However, a survival benefit could only be demonstrated in comparison with a control group only treated symptomatically. Because of several reports on major local toxicity of i. a. FUdR treatment (i.e. chemical hepatitis and biliary sclerosis) several other effective i. a. 5-FU regimens have been developed. A randomized study has demonstrated superiority of i. a. 5-FU versus i. a. FUdR. In comparison with systemic treatment, superiority has only been demonstrated in patients with an intrahepatic tumor burden of 〈 25 %. Publications about regional treatment of patients with breast, gastric cancer or carcinoid liver metastases are rare. Despite the high response rates reported, the benefit of arterial chemotherapy remains questionable. Overall, local long-term chemotherapy cannot be recommended outside of studies as a primary treatment. However, extensive experience and new drugs support the idea of conducting further regional studies.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 761-767 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Doppler sonography • Preeclampsia • Screening • Intrauterine growth retardation • Intrauterine growth restriction • Trophoblast invasion • Redistribution • Circulatory decompensation ; Schlüsselwörter Dopplersonographie • Präeklampsie • ; Gestose • Screening • Wachstumsretardierung • Trophoblastinvasion • Redistribution • Kreislaufdekompensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Dopplersonographie hat sich als diagnostische Methode bei Risikoschwangerschaften etabliert. Eines ihrer Hauptzielgebiete ist die Präeklampsie. Die klinische Bedeutung der Dopplersonographie beruht darauf, daß sie einerseits als Screeningmethode, andererseits als diagnostische Methode eingesetzt werden kann. Die Blutströmungsanalyse an uteroplazentaren Arterien im 2. Trimester ermöglicht es, solche Schwangerschaften zu identifizieren, bei denen die Trophoblastinvasion gestört ist, d. h. nicht vollständig erfolgt ist. Da sich unter diesen Schwangerschaften ein erheblicher Anteil derjenigen mit späterer Mangelentwicklung des Feten und mit Präeklampsie der Mutter befindet, wird die Dopplersonographie der uteroplazentaren Arterien als Screeningmethode evaluiert. Die vorgestellten Zahlen zeigen, daß in unserer Bevölkerung ca. 50 % der Frauen identifizierbar wären, die später eine Präeklampsie entwickeln. Keine andere Methode weist eine derartig hohe Trefferquote auf. Zum anderen kann mit dopplersonographischen Untersuchungen bei manifester Präeklampsie einerseits auf die Pathophysiologie rückgeschlossen werden, andererseits kann ein recht genaues Bild von der Versorgungssituation und den aktuellen Anpassungsvorgängen des Feten erstellt werden. Dies ist heute die Basis eines optimalen Managements. Besonders in kritischen Situationen, wie sie leicht im Rahmen der Präeklampsie bestehen können, erweist sich die Dopplersonographie als große Hilfe.
    Notes: Summary Doppler sonography is now an established method in the care of risk pregnancies, especially in cases with preeclampsia. Its clinical importance is based both on its use as a diagnostic tool and as a screening method. In manifest preeclampsia Doppler sonography gives insight into the pathophysiological background, especially placental pathology. Additionally, the present hemodynamic situation of the fetus and its change can be monitored accurately. The adequacy of the fetal reaction determines clinical decisions in modern obstetrics. It is particularly useful in the critical situations which are common during preeclampsia. Doppler sonography is currently also being evaluated as a screening method to identify pregnancies with incomplete trophoblast invasion by examining blood flow in the uteroplacental arteries during the second trimester. Recent studies indicate that roughly half of the women who develop preeclampsia could be identified in such a screening.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Human placenta ; Elastic fibres ; Stem villus blood vessels ; Light microscopy ; Semiquantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In recent studies we described the presence of elastic-type blood vessels within trunci and rami chorii of human placental stem villi. For systemic and pulmonary hypertension it is known that elastic fibres are enhanced in arteries. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibres in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Twenty-six women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 25 patients with pre-eclampsia were investigated. Unfixed cryostat serial sections were processed for conventional orcein staining and for the demonstration of α-actin-immunoreactivity. The intensity of orcein staining of stem villus blood vessel walls was evaluated by a semiquantitative score method. Significant higher intensities of orcein staining (P〈0.00001) were calculated for blood vessel walls of placentae with pre-eclampsia. The amount of thick stem villus vessels (〉41 µm) increased during pre-eclampsia from 39 gestational weeks onwards. Our study demonstrates that segments of thick blood vessel walls and elastic-type vessel walls are increased in placental stem villi of patients with pre-eclampsia. This reaction may protect the fetal placental vessels and avert an increase of the fetal hypertension.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Remifentanil ; Alfentanil ; Risikopatienten ; kardiovaskuläre Allgemeinchirurgie ; Key words Remifentanil ; Alfentanil ; patients with cardiovascular disease ; Noncardiac surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Extubation and the immediate postoperative period are critical periods with strong sympatho-adrenergic stimulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate this period after balanced anaesthesia with remifentanil and alfentanil in cardiac risk patients. Methods: 52 patients with coronary artery disease or with risk factors for coronary heart disease scheduled for elective extraperitoneal and extrathoracic operation were included in this study. Anaesthesia was induced by intravenous administration of etomidate, vecuronium and remifentanil (n=27, 1 µg/kg) or alfentanil (n=25, 25 µg/kg). Anaesthesia was maintained with an Isoflurane/N2O/O2 mixture and by continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil (0,25 µg/kg/min) or alfentanil (45 µg/kg/h). During the first 60 minutes after extubation haemodynamic parameters were monitored and catecholamines were determined at defined time intervals. Parameters of recovery, the requirement of analgesics and cardiac medications were compared in both groups. Myocardial ischaemia was assessed by two-channel Holter electrocardiography. Results: The beginning of spontaneous respiration and time of extubation were similar in both groups. The time interval until opening eyes and the time between the beginning of spontaneous respiration and extubation was shorter in the patients treated with remifentanil. In this group patients suffered earlier from pain and had a higher pain score. Although the plasma catecholamines were comparable in both groups, in the patients treated with remifentanil changes in haemodynamic parameters were more pronounced. The incidence of shivering and the requirements of analgesics and cardiac medications were higher in these patients. The incidence of ST–segment changes indicating myocardial ischaemia was similar. Conclusions: After balanced anaesthesia with remifentanil a more pronounced sympatho-adrenergic stimulation occurs because of the more rapid clearance of the analgesic effect in the recovery period compared to alfentanil requiring more analgesics and medications for the control of the haemodynamic parameters. Because of these specific pharmacological effects the use of remifentanil in cardiac risk patients has to be critically discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Extubation und frühpostoperative Phase gehören zu den kritischen Abschnitten im perioperativen Verlauf mit ausgeprägten sympathiko-adrenergen Reaktionen. Die vorliegende Studie sollte diese Phase nach balancierter Anästhesie mit Remifentanil im Vergleich zu Alfentanil bei kardiovaskulären Risikopatienten untersuchen. Methodik: Es wurden 52 Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit oder dafür definierten Risikofaktoren einbezogen, die sich einer Operation ohne Körperhöhleneröffnung unterziehen mußten. Die Narkoseeinleitung erfolgte mit Etomidat, Vecuronium, Remifentanil (n=27; 1 µg/kg) bzw. Alfentanil (n=25; 25 µg/kg); die Aufrechterhaltung mit einem Isofluran/N2O/O2-Gemisch und Remifentanil (0,25 µg/kg/min) bzw. Alfentanil (45 µg/kg/h). Zu definierten Zeitpunkten wurden Plasmakatecholaminspiegel und hämodynamische Parameter innerhalb 60 min nach Extubation bestimmt sowie im Gruppenvergleich Aufwachverhalten, Analgetikaverbrauch, Bedarf an kardiovaskulären Medikamenten und ST-Segment-Veränderungen erfaßt. Ergebnisse: Spontanatmungsbeginn und Extubationszeitpunkt waren in beiden Gruppen gleich. In der Remifentanilgruppe fanden sich kürzere Zeitintervalle zwischen Spontanatmung/Extubation und OP-Ende/ Augen öffnen. Diese Patienten hatten frühzeitigere, stärkere Schmerzen und häufiger Shivering mit einem höheren Verbrauch an Analgetika. Bei vergleichbaren Plasmakatecholaminspiegeln zeigten die Patienten der Remifentanilgruppe frühpostoperativ ausgeprägtere hämodynamische Veränderungen, die verstärkt zur medikamentösen Intervention (Analgetika, Antihypertensiva) zwangen. Gruppenunterschiede für pathologische ST-Segment-Veränderungen ließen sich bei kleiner Patientenzahl nicht statistisch sichern. Schlußfolgerungen: In der Aufwachphase nach balancierter Anästhesie mit Remifentanil kommt es aufgrund des raschen Wirkungsverlusts zur ausgeprägteren sympathiko-adrenergen Reaktion im Vergleich zu Alfentanil mit einem Mehrbedarf an Analgetika und Medikamenten zur Kontrolle der Hämodynamik. Bedingt durch dieses Wirkungsprofil muß deshalb der Einsatz beim kardiovaskulären Risikopatienten kritisch überdacht werden und Therapierichtlinien für die Führung der frühpostoperativen Phase erarbeitet werden.
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