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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variation in glucocorticoid sensitivity and the relation with obesity
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Obesity Reviews Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-03)
    Details
    In: Obesity Reviews, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-03)
    Abstract: Increasing evidence points to a relation between increased glucocorticoid (GC) exposure and weight gain. In support, long‐term cortisol measurements using hair analysis revealed that many individuals with obesity appear to have cortisol values in the high physiological range. The mechanisms behind this relationship need to be determined in order to develop targeted therapy to reach sustainable weight loss in these subgroups. The effect of GCs is not only determined by the plasma concentration of GCs but also by individual differences in GC sensitivity and the target tissue, which can be analyzed by functional GC assays. GC sensitivity is influenced by multiple genetic and acquired (e.g., disease‐related) factors, including intracellular GC availability, hormone binding affinity, and expression levels of the GC receptors and their isoforms, as well as factors involved in the modulation of gene transcription. Interindividual differences in GC sensitivity also play a role in the response to exogenous GCs, with respect to both therapeutic and adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on mechanisms that influence GC sensitivity and their relationships with obesity and discuss personalized treatment options targeting the GC receptor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-7881 , 1467-789X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/obr.v23.3
    DOI: 10.1111/obr.13401
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020497-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue treatment in genetic obesity: A case series
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Clinical Obesity Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Clinical Obesity, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Obesity is highly prevalent and comes with serious health burden. In a minority, a genetic cause is present which often results in therapy‐resistant obesity. Liraglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogue, which has beneficial effects on satiety and weight in common obesity. We present the effects of GLP‐1 analogues in adults with a molecularly proven genetic cause of their overweight or obesity. All patients were treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg daily, in addition to intensive supportive lifestyle treatment. Anthropometrics, metabolic parameters, resting energy expenditure (REE), side effects, and subjectively reported satiety and quality of life were assessed. Two patients with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and two patients with heterozygous pathogenic melanocortin‐4 receptor variants were treated. At baseline, their age ranged between 21 and 32 years and body mass index (BMI) ranged between 28.1 and 55.7 kg/m 2 . At follow‐up (ranges 43 weeks–12 years), a mean change in BMI and waist circumference was observed of −5.7 ± 3.8 kg/m 2 and −15.2 ± 21.1 cm, respectively. All patients achieved ≥5% weight loss, three of them lost ≥10% of their body weight. All patients reported improved quality of life and three of them reported ameliorated satiety. Moreover, improvement of glycaemic control and dyslipidaemia were seen. In two patients, REE before and during treatment was measured, which either increased (+26% of predicted REE) or decreased (−18% of predicted REE). Two patients experienced mild side effects for a brief period. In conclusion, our case series shows beneficial effects of GLP‐1 analogues on weight, metabolic parameters and quality of life in all four patients with genetic obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-8103 , 1758-8111
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cob.v11.6
    DOI: 10.1111/cob.12481
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2603811-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glucocorticoids, stress and eating: The mediating role of appetite‐regulating hormones
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Obesity Reviews Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-03)
    Details
    In: Obesity Reviews, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-03)
    Abstract: Disrupted hormonal appetite signaling plays a crucial role in obesity as it may lead to uncontrolled reward‐related eating. Such disturbances can be induced not only by weight gain itself but also by glucocorticoid overexposure, for example, due to chronic stress, disease, or medication use. However, the exact pathways are just starting to be understood. Here, we present a conceptual framework of how glucocorticoid excess may impair hormonal appetite signaling and, consequently, eating control in the context of obesity. The evidence we present suggests that counteracting glucocorticoid excess can lead to improvements in appetite signaling and may therefore pose a crucial target for obesity prevention and treatment. In turn, targeting hormonal appetite signals may not only improve weight management and eating behavior but may also decrease detrimental effects of glucocorticoid excess on cardio‐metabolic outcomes and mood. We conclude that gaining a better understanding of the relationship between glucocorticoid excess and circulating appetite signals will contribute greatly to improvements in personalized obesity prevention and treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-7881 , 1467-789X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/obr.v24.3
    DOI: 10.1111/obr.13539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020497-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 14 ( 2023-2-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-2-20)
    Abstract: Background: Weight loss can induce changes in appetite-regulating hormone levels, possibly linked to increases in appetite and weight regain. However, hormonal changes vary across interventions. Here, we studied levels of appetite-regulating hormones during a combined lifestyle intervention (CLI: healthy diet, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy). Methods: We measured levels of long-term adiposity-related hormones (leptin, insulin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin) and short-term appetite hormones (PYY, cholecystokinin, gastric-inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, FGF21, AgRP) in overnight-fasted serum of 39 patients with obesity. Hormone levels were compared between T0 (baseline), T1 (after 10 weeks) and T2 (end of treatment, 1.5 years). T0-T1 hormone changes were correlated with T1-T2 anthropometric changes. Results: Initial weight loss at T1 was maintained at T2 (−5.0%, p & lt; 0.001), and accompanied by decreased leptin and insulin levels at T1 and T2 (all p & lt; 0.05) compared to T0. Most short-term signals were not affected. Only PP levels were decreased at T2 compared to T0 ( p & lt; 0.05). Most changes in hormone levels during initial weight loss did not predict subsequent changes in anthropometrics, except for T0-T1 decreases in FGF21 levels and T0-T1 increases in HMW adiponectin levels tended to be associated with larger T1-T2 increases in BMI ( p & lt; 0.05 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: CLI-induced weight loss was associated with changes in levels of long-term adiposity-related hormones towards healthy levels, but not with orexigenic changes in most short-term appetite signals. Our data indicates that the clinical impact of alterations in appetite-regulating hormones during modest weight loss remains questionable. Future studies should investigate potential associations of weight-loss-induced changes in FGF21 and adiponectin levels with weight regain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1010858
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1010858.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress and Obesity: Are There More Susceptible Individuals?
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Current Obesity Reports Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2018-6), p. 193-203
    Details
    In: Current Obesity Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2018-6), p. 193-203
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2162-4968
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0306-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2660495-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-17)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-17)
    Abstract: Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is reflected in altered peripheral blood monocyte characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the monocyte subset composition (classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical monocytes (NCM)), and their inflammatory marker profile (CD14, CD16, CD36, CD45, CD64, CD300e, HLA-DR) in individuals with obesity during a 1.5 year combined lifestyle intervention (CLI), comprising healthy nutrition, increased exercise and behavioral changes. Methods We analyzed monocyte subset counts and immunophenotypes in 73 individuals with obesity, and associated these to baseline body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The measurements were repeated after 10 weeks and at the end of the intervention (1.5 years). Results Generally, monocyte subset counts were not associated to BMI or WC at baseline, neither did monocyte counts change during the 1.5 year CLI. Immunophenotypically, higher baseline BMI and WC were associated to lower CD14 and higher CD300e expression by all subsets. During CLI there were remarkable changes in marker profiles: expression of CD14, CD36, CD45 and CD64 significantly decreased in CM and IM, as did CD16 (IM and NCM) (p & lt;0.05). CD300e initially decreased after 10 weeks, but increased sharply at 1.5 years (all subsets). We observed no consistent associations between changes in monocyte characteristics and anthropometric changes. Conclusion A 1.5 year CLI in individuals with obesity mediates persistent immunophenotypic adaptations related to cellular activation in blood monocytes, whereas changes in subset distribution are limited. Lifestyle-induced changes in the inflammatory profile of monocytes differ from the ‘less-severe-obesity’-phenotype, suggesting a novel, ‘post-weight-loss’ monocyte setpoint.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022361
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022361.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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