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  • MDPI AG  (9)
  • Zhu, Yongwei  (9)
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  • MDPI AG  (9)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Genome Analysis of a Pathogenic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolate WH13013 from Pig Reveals Potential Genes Involve in Bacterial Adaptions and Pathogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-06-04), p. 74-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-06-04), p. 74-
    Abstract: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a common pathogen responsible for pig erysipelas. However, the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae remains to be elucidated. In this study, the complete genome sequence of the E. rhusiopathiae strain WH13013, a pathogenic isolate from a diseased pig, was generated using a combined strategy of PacBio RSII and Illumina sequencing technologies. The strategy finally generated a single circular chromosome of approximately 1.78 Mb in size for the complete genome of WH13013, with an average GC content of 36.49%. The genome of WH13013 encoded 1633 predicted proteins, 55 tRNAs, as well as 15 rRNAs. It contained four genomic islands and several resistance-associated genes were identified within these islands. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WH13013 was close to many other sequenced E. rhusiopathiae virulent strains. The comprehensive comparative analysis of eight E. rhusiopathiae virulent strains, including WH13013, identified a total of 1184 core genes. A large proportion (approximately 75.31%) of these core genes participated in nutrition and energy uptake and metabolism as well as the other bioactivities that are necessary for bacterial survival and adaption. The core genes also contained those encoding proteins participating in the biosynthesis and/or the components of the proposed virulence factors of E. rhusiopathiae, including the capsule (cpsA, cpsB, cpsC), neuraminidase (nanH), hyaluronidase (hylA, hylB, hylC), and surface proteins (spaA, rspA, rspB). The obtaining of the complete genome sequence of this virulent strain, WH13013, and this comprehensive comparative genome analysis will help in further studies of the genetic basis of the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2768971-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on an Ultrasonic Combined Electro-Machining Control System with Composite Material Experiments
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-18), p. 637-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-18), p. 637-
    Abstract: Materials such as stainless steel, cemented carbide, metal matrix composites, etc., usually require combinations of multiple machining, due to their high hardness, high wear resistance, and other mechanical properties. Ultrasonic combined electro-machining (UCEM) is the preferred solution for the efficient machining of high hardness and high toughness products. However, the machining can deviate from the expected values for factors such as physical and chemical complexity and variability, as well as tool head wear, which can make it difficult to keep the process stable, thus leading to a decrease in machining efficiency. To address the above problems, this study constructed and optimized a UCEM detection and control system based on an analysis of the mutual coordination mechanism of each effects of combined machining, and proposed a machining short-circuit avoidance method based on inter-pulse voltage detection that can avoid the irreversible harm caused by the high current generated during electrode short-circuiting in electrolytic machining. This method could be of great value and significance in preventing workpiece burns and improving machining quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11040637
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discussions on Some Key Issues of Two-Dimensional Rotational Ultrasonic Combined Electro-Machining of Composite Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2023-04-04), p. 3741-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2023-04-04), p. 3741-
    Abstract: In order to improve the surface forming quality and machining efficiency of composite materials and reduce tool wear, a two-dimensional rotary ultrasonic combined electro-machining (2DRUEM) technology with low electrical conductivity and low current density was proposed in this study. Additionally, a gap detection unit of the machining system was designed with the integration of grinding force and gap current, and the average errors and maximum errors of the model were 5.61% and 12.08%, respectively, which were better than single detection. Furthermore, the machining parameters were optimally selected via NSGA-II, and the maximum machining surface roughness error was 5.9%, the maximum material removal rate error was 5.5%, and the maximum edge accuracy error was 8.9%, as established through experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23073741
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on Generating Machining Performance of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration-Composited Electrolysis/Electro-Discharge Technology for MMCs
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2022-01-14), p. 617-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2022-01-14), p. 617-
    Abstract: Ultrasonic vibration-composited electrolysis/electro-discharge machining technology (UE/DM) is effective for machining particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs). However, the vibration of the tool or workpiece suitable for holes limits the application of UE/DM. To improve the generating machining efficiency and quality of flat and curved surfaces, in this study, we implemented two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration into UE/DM and constructed a novel method named two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration-composited electrolysis/electro-discharge machining (2UE/DM). The influence of vibration on the performance of 2UE/DM compared to other process technologies was studied, and an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the parameters. The results indicated that the materiel remove rate (MRR) mainly increased via voltage and tool vibration. The change current was responsible for the MRR in the process. Spindle speed and workpiece vibration were not dominant factors affecting the MRR; the spindle speed and tool and workpiece vibration, which reduced the height difference between a ridge and crater caused by abrasive grinding, were responsible for surface roughness (Ra) and form precision (δ). Additionally, the optimized parameters of 1000 rpm, 3 V, and 5 um were conducted on MMCs of 40 SiCp/Al and achieved the maximum MRR and minimum Ra and δ of 0.76 mm3/min, 3.35 um, and 5.84%, respectively. This study’s findings provide valuable process parameters for improving machining efficiency and quality for MMCs of 2UE/DM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15020617
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    System Design and Mechanism Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrochemical Grinding for Hard and Tough Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-07), p. 1743-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-07), p. 1743-
    Abstract: In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical grinding (UAECG) system was designed to improve the low efficiency and tool wear in conventional grinding of hard and tough materials. In this system, multiple-field energy consisting of ultrasonic, electrochemical and mechanical grinding was used. The processing mechanism was investigated to determine the interaction mechanism between ultrasonic, grinding and electrochemical processing. The established theoretical model showed that the processing efficiency was affected by the ultrasonic amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, electrolyte conductivity and other parameters. In verifying the feasibility of UAECG machining and the effect of machining elements on machining, a series of corresponding machining experiments was conducted. Experiments showed that the machining efficiency can be improved by machining through the UAECG system. The material removal rate of W18Cr4V machining was 2.7 times higher than that of conventional grinding and 1.7 times higher than UAG. The processing efficiency of YT15 was increased by 3.2 times when the processing voltage increased from 2 to 6 V. The surface shape and roughness were also affected by these parameters. The surface roughness of the SiCp/Al workpiece reached the best level at 4 V as the machining voltage increased from 2 to 6 V. However, the surface roughness increased significantly when the voltage increased to 6 V. Thus, parameters such as machining voltage must be optimised for efficient and precise machining in practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11061743
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Vibration Direction on Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding-Electrolysis-Discharge Generating Machining Mechanism of SiCp/Al
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2023-03-28), p. 2703-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2023-03-28), p. 2703-
    Abstract: This study proposes the mechanism of two-dimensional ultrasonic assisted grinding- electrolysis-discharge generating machining (2UG-E-DM). It analyzed the influence of vibration directions on grinding characteristics and surface morphology through the motion simulation of an abrasive. Comparative experiments with different vibration directions verified the effect of ultrasonic assistance on the weakening of the grinding force, the widening of the surface pits, and the leveling of the surface morphology of SiCp/Al composites. Simulation analysis of a single abrasive particle verified the test results. The results of machining tests at different amplitudes showed that as the workpiece and tool amplitude increased, the grinding force of the normal force decreased faster than that of the tangential force. The effect of surface electrolysis discharge machining was significant, and the number of exposed particles increased, but the residual height of the surface and the surface roughness were reduced by vibration grinding. When the two-dimensional amplitude was increased to 5 μm, the axial and tangential vibrations increased the grinding domain, and the dragging and rolling of the reinforced particles significantly reduced the surface roughness, which obtained good surface quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16072703
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Auranofin Has Advantages over First-Line Drugs in the Treatment of Severe Streptococcus suis Infections
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-30), p. 26-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-30), p. 26-
    Abstract: Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) likely occurs when an individual is infected with the Streptococcus suis (S. suis) epidemic strain and is characterized by a cytokine storm, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and a high incidence of mortality despite adequate treatment. A number of antibiotics exhibit excellent bactericidal effects in vivo, such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides (gentamicin) and β-lactams (penicillin G, ceftiofur, or amoxicillin), but are less effective for treating STSLS. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new compounds that can reduce the damage caused by STSLS. In the present study, we identified auranofin, an orally bioavailable FDA-approved anti-rheumatic drug as a candidate repurposed drug to treat severe S. suis infections. Our results showed that auranofin can bind to the functional domain of bacterial thioredoxin reductase, decreasing the reducing redox-responsive capacity of target bacteria and allowing for the killing of S. suis cells. We also observed that auranofin has antibacterial activity against other gram-positive bacteria, such as multidrug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Streptococcus agalactiae, and vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, auranofin is capable of eradicating intracellular S.suis present inside infected macrophage cells. Mouse model experimental results showed that auranofin could effectively reduce the mortality of mice infected with S. suis. Compared to the ampicillin treatment group, the survival rate of mice in the auranofin treatment group in severely infected model mice was significantly improved. These results suggest that auranofin has the potential for use as an effective antibiotic against S. suis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of the Anisotropy Mechanical Properties on LN Crystals Fixed-Abrasive Lapping
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2020-10-08), p. 4455-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2020-10-08), p. 4455-
    Abstract: The anisotropy of lithium niobate (LN) single crystals in mechanical properties affects its material removal uniformity during lapping. The nano-indentation hardness (HI) and elastic modulus(E) of Z-cut wafer and X-cut wafer were measured by a nano-indentation tester. The nano-scratching tests were adopted to evaluate its critical cutting depth (dc) of brittle ductile transition along crucial orientations of Z-cut and X-cut, respectively. A series of fixed-abrasive lapping tests were carried out to explore the effect of anisotropy on the lapping process. The results indicated that the HI of Z-cut was slightly higher than that of X-cut, while the E of Z-cut was about 1.1 times of the latter. The dc value of each orientation varies greatly. The lapping tests showed that the material removal rate (MRR) of Z-cut was lower than that of X-cut, for its high HI and E. Meanwhile, the surface quality of Z-cut was better than that of X-cut, for the larger dc of Z-cut. The research of mechanical properties of LN has guiding significance for its lapping process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13194455
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Study on Two-Dimensional Rotatory Ultrasonic Combined Electrochemical Generating Machining of Ceramic-Reinforced Metal Matrix Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2022-01-24), p. 877-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2022-01-24), p. 877-
    Abstract: According to the machining characteristics of ceramic-particle-reinforced metal matrix composites, an experimental study on difficult-to-machine materials was carried out by two-dimensional (2D) rotatory ultrasonic combined electrolytic generating machining (RUCEGM), which organically combined an ultrasonic effect with a high-speed rotating tool electrode and electrolysis. After building the one-dimensional (1D) and 2D-RUCEGM systems, the factors influencing the combined machining process were analyzed and the experiments on RUCEGM were conducted to explore the feasibility and advantages of 2D-RUCEGM. The experimental results showed that, compared with 1D-RUCEGM, 2D-RUCEGM had higher accuracy, which increased about 21% and also reduced the machining time. Under certain conditions, the efficiency of 2D-RUCEGM was proportional to the voltage, and the machining efficiency could be enhanced by increasing the feed rate. The inter-electrode voltage detection module used in the experiment could improve the machining stability of the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22030877
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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