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  • 1
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    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2011-10-01), p. 2470-2477
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2011-10-01), p. 2470-2477
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2011JAS3738.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 2
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    Wave–photochemistry coupling and its effect on water vapor, ozone and airglow variations in the atmosphere of Mars
    Elsevier BV ; 2007
    In:  Icarus Vol. 189, No. 1 ( 2007-07), p. 136-150
    Details
    In: Icarus, Elsevier BV, Vol. 189, No. 1 ( 2007-07), p. 136-150
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-1035
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 3
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    Numerical modeling of chemical‐dynamical coupling in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D19 ( 1999-10-20), p. 23995-24011
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D19 ( 1999-10-20), p. 23995-24011
    Abstract: A two‐timescale chemical algorithm has been developed to solve photochemistry coupled with transport in the middle atmosphere. It is suggested that two continuity equations for each species be solved when transport processes prevent instantaneous chemical equilibrium. The simultaneous solutions of the two sets of equations correspond to quasi‐equilibrium and transient or forced states of all the modeled species. The chemical solver is incorporated in a two‐dimensional model to study the chemical‐dynamical coupling in the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere for different timescales in a consistent manner. New parameterizations for calculating photolysis rates in the Schumann‐Runge bands and Schumann‐Runge continuum are presented on the basis of an optimal k distribution method. Several distinct features of measured tracer distributions in the mesosphere can be simulated by the model. These include (1) the model daytime mean OH distribution with a secondary maximum in number density of ∼6.5 × 10 6 cm −3 around 70 km, (2) a semiannual oscillation in O 3 mixing ratio around 85 km that characterizes the coupling effect between the OH‐O 3 photochemistry and O transport, and (3) diurnal variations of O 3 in the mesosphere controlled by both fast varying local photochemistry and slowly varying HO x transported from below. There is no systematic underprediction of mesospheric O 3 in our model comparison with the measurements. Our model also predicts the morphology of chemical heating rate around mesopause by exothermic reactions. From 80 to 95 km the dynamically controlled atomic oxygen distribution generates a latitudinal chemical heating rate that counters the radiative heating rate gradient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900476
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 4
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    Middle atmosphere age of air in a globally balanced two‐dimensional model
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 105, No. D12 ( 2000-06-27), p. 15201-15212
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. D12 ( 2000-06-27), p. 15201-15212
    Abstract: We extend the concepts of the mean age derived from the age spectrum and the age of air derived from the time lag in the middle atmosphere by specifying the tracer source gases uniformly in the lower troposphere. The concepts are illustrated by use of both a time‐independent one‐dimensional diffusive model and a globally balanced two‐dimensional middle atmosphere model. We quantitatively examine several factors that may cause the difference between the mean age and the age of air. It is found that the mean age and the age of air can differ by any amount in general for a time‐dependent transport operator. For a time‐independent transport operator the age of air derived by integrating a model for a finite time is less than the mean age. The age of air at the stratopause is about 5 to 6 years in our globally balanced two‐dimensional middle atmosphere model. In the mesosphere the age of air changes with season significantly due to the reversal of the mesospheric meridional circulation between the summer and the winter. With a chemical lifetime of SF 6 above 30 km being ∼38 years our two‐dimensional model shows no signs of overestimate of age of air for SF 6 at 30 km. It is also demonstrated that stratospheric mean age is sensitive to the horizontal mixing in the troposphere. Weak horizontal mixing in the troposphere will reduce the mean age in the upper stratosphere but increase the mean age in the high‐latitude lower stratosphere. The former is caused by diminishing the recycling of air parcels between the troposphere and stratosphere, and the latter is caused by minimizing the portion of tracers directly transported upward from the high‐latitude troposphere into the stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900230
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 5
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    Parameterizations of oxygen photolysis and energy deposition rates due to solar energy absorption in the Schumann‐Runge Continuum
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 28, No. 16 ( 2001-08-15), p. 3163-3166
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 28, No. 16 ( 2001-08-15), p. 3163-3166
    Abstract: Parameterizations of the photolysis of molecular oxygen and corresponding energy deposition rates by solar radiation in the Schumann‐Runge continuum are presented. This parameterization is based on UARS/SOLSTICE version 9 daily solar irradiance and accounts for solar activity using 10.7 cm solar flux as a proxy. The error in the parameterization is 2% and the uncertainty introduced by using the 10.7 cm solar flux as a proxy is 5–10%. The parameterization is of suitable accuracy and efficiency to be used as part of multidimensional models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001GL013010
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 6
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    Gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere derived from the Empirical Mode Decomposition method
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 102, No. D14 ( 1997-07-27), p. 16545-16561
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 102, No. D14 ( 1997-07-27), p. 16545-16561
    Abstract: The recently developed Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method is applied to analyzing gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere. By establishing a close connection between the fundamental Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) derived from the EMD method and WKB solutions of a dispersive‐dissipative wave equation, we show that the EMD method can provide useful insights into physical processes in the middle atmosphere where dispersive‐dissipative wave phenomena are dominant. A local power spectrum function P is introduced which provides a quantitative description of the spectrum at any particular location within a data series. The sharp localization of P in space and wavenumber leads to an identification of unphysical small scale oscillations by falling spheres embedded in the wind profiles above 60 km. Further analyses of the horizontal wind profiles derived from the Dynamics Adapted Network for the Atmosphere (DYANA) campaign suggest that for horizontal wind fluctuations with vertical wavenumber m ≤3 km −1 (or vertical wavelength L z ≥2 km) the previously observed m −3 Fourier spectra could be produced by a linear wave packet whose characteristic vertical wavenumber decreases with altitude. For small vertical scale disturbances with m 〉 3 km −1 ( L z 〈 2 km) a near −3 slope in the marginal distribution exists locally in the middle atmosphere with a great degree of universality, suggesting that nonlinear energy cascade processes may dominate the spectral formation in this wavenumber range.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97JD01139
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 7
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    On the numerical modelling of middle atmosphere tides
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 125, No. 557 ( 1999-07), p. 1825-1857
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 125, No. 557 ( 1999-07), p. 1825-1857
    Abstract: A linear, spectral, tidal model for middle atmosphere thermal tides has been developed. the spectral model is based on horizontal vorticity and divergence equations, and the vertical structure equation for the geopotential is solved with appropriate boundary conditions. Such an approach yields a stable temperature field and a consistent velocity field for the diurnal tide around the apparent singularity at latitudes of ±30°. Thermal forcing consists of solar near‐infrared heating by water vapour in the troposphere based on an accurate and efficient algorithm and the solar radiation heating by ozone and molecular oxygen in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. the calculated diurnal and semidiurnal temperatures are in good agreement with the recent temperature measurements derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Light Detection and Ranging around the midlatitude and high‐latitude stratopause where ozone heating is a major source of tidal variability. Some discrepancies between the current model output and the wind measurements derived from the High‐Resolution Doppler Imager and Wind Imaging Interferometer on board UARS still exist. A sensitivity study shows the need for improved modelling of tropospheric heating rates and parametrization of eddy diffusion coefficients in the upper mesosphere in order to reduce these discrepancies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v125:557
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712555717
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 8
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    Diagnosis of Dynamics and Energy Balance in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
    American Meteorological Society ; 2001
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 58, No. 16 ( 2001-08), p. 2441-2454
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 58, No. 16 ( 2001-08), p. 2441-2454
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058〈2441:DODAEB〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 9
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    Diagnostic Analysis of Tidal Winds and the Eliassen–Palm Flux Divergence in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from TIMED/SABER Temperatures
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 65, No. 12 ( 2008-12-01), p. 3840-3859
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 65, No. 12 ( 2008-12-01), p. 3840-3859
    Abstract: For migrating tides or fast-moving planetary waves, polarization relations derived from the linear wave equations are required to accurately derive the wind components from the temperature field. A common problem in diagnosing winds from the measured temperature is the error amplification associated with apparent singularities in the wave polarization relations. The authors have developed a spectral module that accurately derives tidal winds from the measured tidal temperature field and effectively eliminates the error amplification near the apparent singularities. The algorithm is used to perform a diagnostic analysis of tidal winds and the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) based on the zonal mean and tidal temperature fields derived from 6 yr of temperature measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The derived zonal mean wind and diurnal tidal amplitude reveal new insights into the mesospheric biennial oscillation (MBO) that exists in the MLT at both equatorial and midlatitude regions. The equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind is present in the entire mesosphere from 50 to 90 km. The equatorial MBO in the temperature amplitude of the diurnal tide occurs near the mesopause region between 80 and 90 km and is largely coincident with the downward phase propagation of the equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind, indicating a possible mechanism of wave–mean flow interaction between the two. On the other hand, the newly discovered midlatitude MBOs in zonal mean wind and the meridional wind in diurnal tide occur at different altitudes, suggesting possibly a remote forcing–response relationship. The acceleration or deceleration of the zonal mean wind due to EP flux divergence that is contributed by the migrating tides peaks at midlatitudes with a typical value of 10–20 m s−1 day−1 around 95 km.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0469 , 0022-4928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JAS2801.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 10
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    A Spectral Parameterization of Drag, Eddy Diffusion, and Wave Heating for a Three-Dimensional Flow Induced by Breaking Gravity Waves
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 67, No. 8 ( 2010-08-01), p. 2520-2536
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 67, No. 8 ( 2010-08-01), p. 2520-2536
    Abstract: There are three distinct processes by which upward-propagating gravity waves influence the large-scale dynamics and energetics of the middle atmosphere: (i) nonlocalized transport of momentum through wave propagation in three dimensions that remotely redistributes atmospheric momentum in both zonal and meridional directions from wave generation to wave dissipation regions; (ii) localized diffusive transport of momentum, heat, and tracers due to mixing induced by wave breaking; and (iii) localized transport of heat by perturbing wave structures due to dissipation that redistributes the thermal energy within a finite domain. These effects become most significant for breaking waves when momentum drag, eddy diffusion, and wave heating— the “breaking trinity”—are all imposed on the background state. This paper develops a 3D parameterization scheme that self-consistently includes the breaking trinity in large-scale numerical models. The 3D parameterization scheme is developed based on the general relationship between the wave action flux and the subgrid-scale momentum and heat fluxes developed by Zhu in 1987 and a mapping approximation between the wave source spectrum and momentum deposition distribution developed by Alexander and Dunkerton in 1999. For a set of given input wind and temperature profiles at each model grid, the parameterization scheme outputs the vertical profiles of the subgrid-scale force terms together with the eddy diffusion coefficients in the momentum and energy equations for a 3D background flow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0469 , 0022-4928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3302.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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