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  • MDPI AG  (19)
  • Zhou, Yan  (19)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controllable and Scalable Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Hierarchical Structures for Water Energy Harvesting
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-22), p. 1651-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-22), p. 1651-
    Abstract: We report a controllable and scalable fabrication approach for the superhydrophobic hierarchical structures and demonstrate the excellent ability to harvest water energy when applied to water-solid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). A strategy combined with multiple photolithography and micromolding process was developed to accurately regulate the diameters and the center distances of the two-level micropillars. A variety of hierarchical structures were successfully fabricated and presented the advantages of structure control, large scale, high accuracy, and high consistency. The hydrophobic property characterizations were conducted, and the results indicated that the hierarchical structures showed a larger contact angle than the single-level structures and achieved superhydrophobicity. Then the hierarchical structures were applied to water-TENGs with flowing water continuously dripping on, and the effect of the structure parameter on the triboelectric output was analyzed. The hierarchical structures exhibited a superior ability to harvest water energy than the flat film and the single-level structures due to the enhanced friction area and superhydrophobic property. At a flowing velocity of 8 mL/s, the hierarchical structure generated the output voltage of approximately 34 V and the short-circuit current of around 5 μA. The water-TENG device exhibited a power density peak of 7.56 μW/cm2 with a resistive load of 16.6 MΩ at a flowing velocity of 10 mL/s. These findings shed light on the potential applications of the hierarchical structures-based water-TENGs to water energy harvesting and self-powered sensor devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11101651
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    The Effect of Light on Nitrogen Removal by Microalgae-Bacteria Symbiosis System (MBS)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-24), p. 1991-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-24), p. 1991-
    Abstract: The littering of nitrogen into water bodies has led to several adverse effects on the environment. “Nitrification-denitrification” is still a prevalent method for removing nitrogen from water bodies, which demands high energy consumption and complex operational conditions. In recent years, MBS has attracted much attention because of its advantages in recovering nitrogen, emitting oxygen, and capturing CO2. It has been proven that light is the top factor influencing the performance of MBS. This paper will critically review the effects of light parameters on nitrogen removal by MBS, and the nitrogen-removal mechanisms of MBS driven by artificial illumination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15111991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
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    A Global Interconnected Observer for Attitude and Gyro Bias Estimation with Vector Measurements
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 22 ( 2020-11-14), p. 6514-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 22 ( 2020-11-14), p. 6514-
    Abstract: This paper proposes a novel interconnected observer to get good estimates of attitude and gyro bias from high-noise vector measurements. The observer is derived based on the theory of nonlinear and linear cascade systems, and its error dynamics have the properties of global exponential stability and robustness to bounded noise. These properties ensure the convergence and boundedness of the attitude and gyro bias estimation errors. To obtain higher estimation accuracy, an approach to calculate time-varying gains for the proposed auxiliary observer is designed under the premise of considering noise terms in the rate gyro and vector sensors. The simulation results show that when the vector sensors’ outputs contain high-level noise, the proposed observer with time-varying gains yields better performance in both the transient and steady-state phases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20226514
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    A Novel Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearing Based on Integrated Weight Strategy Features Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2020-03-23), p. 1774-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2020-03-23), p. 1774-
    Abstract: Intelligent methods have long been researched in fault diagnosis. Traditionally, feature extraction and fault classification are separated, and this process is not completely intelligent. In addition, most traditional intelligent methods use an individual model, which cannot extract the discriminate features when the machines work in a complex condition. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional intelligent fault diagnosis methods, in this paper, an intelligent bearing fault diagnosis method based on ensemble sparse auto-encoders was proposed. Three different sparse auto-encoders were used as the main architecture. To improve the robustness and stability, a novel weight strategy based on distance metric and standard deviation metric was employed to assign the weights of three sparse auto-encodes. Softmax classifier is used to classify the fault types of integrated features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with extensive experiments, and comparisons with the related methods and researches on the widely-used motor bearing dataset verify the superiority of the proposed method. The results show that the testing accuracy and the standard deviation are 99.71% and 0.05%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20061774
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
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    Time Trend of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 and Analysis Using an Age–Period–Cohort Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Current Oncology Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2022-10-06), p. 7470-7481
    Details
    In: Current Oncology, MDPI AG, Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2022-10-06), p. 7470-7481
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the upper gastrointestinal cancer incidence trend in China from 1990 to 2019 with Joinpoint software and to evaluate the age effect, cohort effect, and period effect using the age–period–cohort model, with the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. The crude incidence rate (CR) of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China increased from 41.48/100,000 in 1990 to 62.64/100,000 in 2019, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) was 1.42 (p 〈 0.05). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased from 50.77/100,000 to 37.42/100,000, and the AAPC was −1.12 (p 〈 0.05). The net drift was −0.83 (p 〈 0.05), and the local drifts in the 35–79 age groups of males and all age groups of females were less than 0 (p 〈 0.05). The age effect showed that the upper gastrointestinal cancer onset risk gradually increased with age, the period effect was fundamentally manifested as a downward trend in onset risk after 2000, and the cohort effect indicated the decreased onset risk of the overall birth cohort after 1926. The ASIR of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 showed a downward trend, and the onset risk indicated the age, period, and cohort effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1718-7729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270777-3
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  • 6
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    Morphological and Compositional Features of Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in MR Vessel Wall Imaging Predict Successful Endovascular Recanalization
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 147-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 147-
    Abstract: Background: We sought to determine if the morphological and compositional features of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO), as assessed by MR vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI), initially predict successful endovascular recanalization. Methods: Consecutive patients with CICAO scheduled for endovascular recanalization were recruited. MR-VWI was performed within 1 week prior to surgery for evaluating the following features: proximal stump morphology, extent of occlusion, occlusion with collapse, arterial tortuosity, the presence of hyperintense signals (HIS) and calcification in the occluded C1 segment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify features associated with technical success and construct a prediction model. Results: Eighty-three patients were recruited, of which fifty-seven (68.7%) were recanalized successfully. The morphological and compositional characteristics of CICAO were associated with successful recanalization, including occlusions limited to C1 and extensive HIS, as well as the absence of extensive calcification, absence of high tortuosity, and absence of artery collapse. The MR CICAO score that comprised the five predictors showed a high predictive ability (area under the curve: 0.888, p 〈 0.001). Conclusion: the MR-VWI characteristics of CICAO predicted the technical success of endovascular recanalization and may be leveraged for identifying patients with a high probability of successful recanalization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010147
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 7
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    Melanin-Associated Synthesis of SERS-Active Nanostructures and the Application for Monitoring of Intracellular Melanogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2017-03-20), p. 70-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2017-03-20), p. 70-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano7030070
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Quality Evaluation of Oviductus Ranae Based on PUFAs Using HPLC Fingerprint Techniques Combined with Chemometric Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Foods Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-07), p. 322-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-07), p. 322-
    Abstract: Oviductus Ranae is a nutritional product for both medicine and food. Its quality is uneven due to multiple factors. An efficient method was established to evaluate the quality of Oviductus Ranae using fingerprint techniques and chemometric methods based on the analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in petroleum ether extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During this process, 27 batches of Oviductus Ranae were analyzed by HPLC and two types of chromatographic fingerprints were established. The fingerprint that was obtained by matching six known peaks was used for the quantification of six PUFAs. Another fingerprint was obtained by matching sixteen peaks with a peak area ratio greater than 0.5% and it was used to classify the different qualities of Oviductus Ranae by further combining three different chemometric models. The 27 batches of Oviductus Ranae were divided into four categories, which was consistent with the analysis results of six PUFAs contents. The two high-quality samples with significantly higher contents were classified into one category, and samples with medium contents were divided into two categories, including eight and thirteen samples, respectively. The four inferior samples with lower contents were classified into one category. The results indicated that the newly developed method has potential application prospects for the quality evaluation of Oviductus Ranae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods8080322
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 9
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    Hopf Bifurcation, Periodic Solutions, and Control of a New 4D Hyperchaotic System
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2023-06-14), p. 2699-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2023-06-14), p. 2699-
    Abstract: In this paper, a new four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic biplane system is designed and presented. The dynamical properties of this new system are studied by means of tools such as bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and phase diagrams. The Hopf bifurcation and periodic solutions of this hyperchaotic system are solved analytically. In addition, a new hyperchaotic control strategy is applied, and a comparative analysis of the controlled system is performed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math11122699
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 10
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    Improved Cubature Kalman Filtering on Matrix Lie Groups Based on Intrinsic Numerical Integration Error Calibration with Application to Attitude Estimation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Machines Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-04-07), p. 265-
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-04-07), p. 265-
    Abstract: This paper investigates the numerical integration error calibration problem in Lie group sigma point filters to obtain more accurate estimation results. On the basis of the theoretical framework of the Bayes–Sard quadrature transformation, we first established a Bayesian estimator on matrix Lie groups for system measurements in Euclidean spaces or Lie groups. The estimator was then employed to develop a generalized Bayes–Sard cubature Kalman filter on matrix Lie groups that considers additional uncertainties brought by integration errors and contains two variants. We also built on the maximum likelihood principle, and an adaptive version of the proposed filter was derived for better algorithm flexibility and more precise filtering results. The proposed filters were applied to the quaternion attitude estimation problem. Monte Carlo numerical simulations supported that the proposed filters achieved better estimation quality than that of other Lie group filters in the mentioned studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines10040265
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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