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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • Zhou, Qiang  (7)
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  • MDPI AG  (7)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Ground Settlement in an Urban Area Resulting from a Small Curvature Tunneling Construction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 16230-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 16230-
    Abstract: The transportation system is one of the major infrastructures in urban areas, and it serves 56% of the world’s population. Nowadays, metro lines are developing fast in urban areas. Due to the restrictions of urban fields, metro lines are usually not planned straight, and a curved line is required to connect stations in different locations in a city. As a result, small curvature tunnels are commonly constructed in urban areas. The tunneling construction in a city area may cause ground settlement, which is sensitive to surrounding buildings and underground utilities. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of curvature alignment on the ground settlement. In this paper, ground settlements induced by small curvature shield tunneling were evaluated by using a numerical analysis. A total of six cases were selected for the analysis. The results obtained from the numerical simulations were compared with Peck’s equation. It is observed that Peck’s equation can be used for the estimation of the maximum settlement. However, the ground settlements on both sides of the central axis of the curved tunnel are asymmetrical, and Peck’s equation, which provides a symmetrical settlement, may not be applicable in the case of small curvature tunnels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142316230
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DNA Methylation and RNA-Sequencing Analysis to Identify Genes Related to Spontaneous Leaf Spots in a Wheat Variety ‘Zhongkenuomai No.1’
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 1519-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 1519-
    Abstract: Greenish leaf variation has been reported widely as a trait of great interest in wheat for improving photosynthesis. Zhongkenuomai No.1 (ZKNM1), a mutant with recoverable leaf spots, was regarded as a suitable material for studying chlorophyll synthesis-related mechanisms. In this study, transcriptome and DNA methylation analyses were conducted in ZKNM1 leaves to determine the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of leaf spot development. Ultimately, 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered, with chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway genes downregulated and chlorophyll degradation pathway genes upregulated, possibly acting as a double block to chlorophyll accumulation. Among them, HEMA1s (Glutamyl-tRNA reductase family proteins) and PORAs (protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A) were the most important controlled genes. Furthermore, a genome-wide methylation analysis indicates that a hypermethylated region is present 1690 bp upstream of the transcriptional start sites in spot tissues (SPs), and 131 DNA methylation-mediated DEGs were identified, one of which encoded a putative resistance gene (TraesCS1A02G009500) and was a hub gene in interaction network modules. In the sample groups with leaf spots (SPs), this gene may be involved in the photosynthetic processes. The findings indicated that dynamic variations in DNA methylation play key roles in gene regulation to govern leaf spot development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12071519
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical Simulation of Magnesium Dust Dispersion and Explosion in 20 L Apparatus via an Euler–Lagrange Method
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2022-01-06), p. 402-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2022-01-06), p. 402-
    Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the explosion characteristics of a Mg/air mixture in a 20 L apparatus via an Euler–Lagrange method. Various fluid properties, namely pressure field, velocity field, turbulence intensity, and the degree of particle dispersion, were obtained and analyzed. The simulation results suggested that the best delayed ignition time was 60 ms after dust dispersion, which was consistent with the optimum delayed ignition time adopted by experimental apparatus. These results indicate that the simulated Mg particles were evenly diffused in the 20 L apparatus under the effect of the turbulence. The simulations also reveal that the pressure development in the explosion system can be divided into the pressure rising stage, the maximum pressure stage, and pressure attenuation stage. The relative error of the maximum explosion pressure between the simulation and the experiments is approximately 1.04%. The explosion model provides reliable and useful information for investigating Mg explosions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15020402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Traditional and Conditional QTL Analysis of Kernel Size- and Shape-Related Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-18), p. 1718-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-18), p. 1718-
    Abstract: Optimal kernel size and shape were critical in improving the wheat yield potential and processing quality. A traditional and conditional QTL analysis for kernel-related traits was performed using 152 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Zhongkemai 138 (ZKM138) and Kechengmai 2, whose kernel size showed significant differences. A total of 48 traditional QTLs (LOD: 3.69–14.20) were identified, with twenty-six QTLs distributed across five genomic regions. Each had at least one major stable QTL for kernel-related traits. We deduced from the co-location and conditional QTL analysis results that R3D and R4B.1 primarily controlled kernel shape, while R4D, R6A, and R6D2 primarily contributed to kernel size and the final thousand-kernel weight, potentially providing the genetic basis for the ZKM138’s high TKW and large-kernel performance. R4D may be involved with Rht2, and the possible regulatory effects of the other four QTL clusters are more likely to be influenced by unknown genes. The KASP markers validated their effect on kernel-related traits, and they were used to analyze the transmissibility and distribution of superior genotypes in ZKM138 derivatives and global wheat cultivars, respectively. These findings may serve as a reference for future genetic improvement of the ideal kernel morphology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12101718
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification and Cloning of a Putative Male Fertility Gene Encoding an Oxidosqualene Cyclase in Qingke
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-30), p. 1292-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-30), p. 1292-
    Abstract: Anther development is crucial for controlling crop fertility. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of reproductive development of highland barley (called Qingke in Chinese), two main Qingke cultivars, Zangqing 2000 and Ximala 22, were utilized. Transcriptome analysis showed that lipid, sugar and phenylpropane metabolisms might be the major pathways associated with Qingke male fertility by analyzing the possible common DEGs before anther maturation in both varieties. Additionally, 26 genes related to crop genic male sterility were screened to identify homologous genes for Qingke male sterile lines. Among them, HORVU.MOREX.r3.7HG0634780 (HvtOSC12), an oxidosqualene cyclase, was highlighted as a candidate gene for affecting Qingke male fertility, as it is highly and especially expressed before Qingke anther maturation. Furthermore, HvtOSC12 (including promoter sequence) was cloned by homology-based cloning. The further bioinformatic analysis deduced that MYBs might be one of the transcription factors affecting expression of HvtOSC12 by responding to environmental changes. These results might lay a foundation for the potential applications for the creation of environment-sensitive genic male sterility in Qingke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13051292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fast Frequency Acquisition and Phase Locking of Nonplanar Ring Oscillators
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2017-10-09), p. 1032-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2017-10-09), p. 1032-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app7101032
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Excavation Parameters on Face Stability in Small Curvature Shield Tunnels
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-18), p. 6797-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-18), p. 6797-
    Abstract: This study investigates the face stability of small curvature shield tunnels during excavation and its relationship with various excavation parameters. The stability of the excavation face is critical to the safety and efficiency of underground construction projects. Despite the increase in the use of small curvature shield tunnels in urban areas, research works on this type of tunnel are limited and the existing literature focuses only on straight shield tunnels. This study addresses this research gap through numerical simulations, analyzing the effects of different excavation parameters such as jacking force, cutting speed, and soil conditioning on face stability. The results of the study show that the excavation parameters significantly affect face stability. The findings can be used to optimize the performance of small curvature shield tunnels and support their continued development in urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15086797
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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