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  • Zhong, Zhihui  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multipoint Analysis of the Interaction between a Shock and an ICME-like Structure around 2011 March 22
    American Astronomical Society ; 2022
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Letters Vol. 930, No. 1 ( 2022-05-01), p. L11-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 930, No. 1 ( 2022-05-01), p. L11-
    Abstract: This work reports on the interaction between a fast forward shock and an interplanetary coronal-mass-ejection-like structure (ICMELS) as observed by in situ observations of radially aligned spacecraft. Around 2011 March 22, the Venus EXpress (VEX) and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-A (STEREO-A) were nearly at the same longitude, providing us with an excellent opportunity to study the formation and evolution of the complex structures. The shock and ICMELS investigated in this paper are isolated near Venus, but when they approach STEREO-A, the shock nearly approaches the front edge of the ICMELS and forms a shock–ICMELS complex structure. The maximal magnetic field in the ICMELS increased 2.3 times due to shock compression, according to the observation. The recovery model, which restores the shocked portion of the shock–ICMELS to its uncompressed condition, likewise confirms this improvement. The interaction with the ICMELS, on the other hand, weakens shock 2. The magnetic compression ratio falls from 2.4 at Venus to 2.0 at STEREO-A. This research enables us to have a better physical knowledge of the impacts of the interaction between a shock and an ICME (or ICMELS), which will aid future space weather predictions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-8205 , 2041-8213
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6879
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207648-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006858-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling the Observed Distortion of Multiple (Ghost) CME Fronts in STEREO Heliospheric Imagers
    American Astronomical Society ; 2021
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Letters Vol. 917, No. 2 ( 2021-08-01), p. L16-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 917, No. 2 ( 2021-08-01), p. L16-
    Abstract: In this work we have, for the first time, applied the interpretation of multiple “ghost-fronts” to two synthetic coronal mass ejections (CMEs) propagating within a structured solar wind using the Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation time (HUXt) solar wind model. The two CMEs occurred on 2012 June 13–14 showing multiple fronts in images from Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Heliospheric Imagers (HIs). The HUXt model is used to simulate the evolution of these CMEs across the inner heliosphere as they interacted with structured ambient solar wind. The simulations reveal that the evolution of CME shape is consistent with observations across a wide range of solar latitudes and that the manifestation of multiple “ghost-fronts” within HIs’ field of view is consistent with the positions of the nose and flank of the same CME structure. This provides further confirmation that the angular separation of these features provides information on the longitudinal extent of a CME. For one of the CMEs considered in this study, both simulations and observations show that a concave shape develops within the outer CME front. We conclude that this distortion results from a latitudinal structure in the ambient solar wind speed. The work emphasizes that the shape of the CME cannot be assumed to remain a coherent geometrical shape during its propagation in the heliosphere. Our analysis demonstrates that the presence of “ghost” CME fronts can be used to infer the distortion of CMEs by ambient solar wind structure as a function of both latitude and longitude. This information has the potential to improve the forecasting of space weather events at Earth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-8205 , 2041-8213
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac1203
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207648-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006858-X
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Three-Dimensional Parameters of the Earth-Impacting CMEs Based on the GCS Model
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Universe Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2021-09-28), p. 361-
    Details
    In: Universe, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2021-09-28), p. 361-
    Abstract: When a CME arrives at the Earth, it will interact with the magnetosphere, sometimes causing hazardous space weather events. Thus, the study of CMEs which arrived at Earth (hereinafter, Earth-impacting CMEs) has attracted much attention in the space weather and space physics communities. Previous results have suggested that the three-dimensional parameters of CMEs play a crucial role in deciding whether and when they reach Earth. In this work, we use observations from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) to study the three-dimensional parameters of 71 Earth-impacting CMEs from the middle of 2008 to the end of 2012. We find that the majority Earth-impacting CMEs originate from the region of [30S,30N] × [40E,40W] on the solar disk; Earth-impacting CMEs are more likely to have a central propagation angle (CPA) no larger than half-angular width, a negative correlation between velocity and acceleration, and propagation time is inversely related to velocity. Based on our findings, we develop an empirical statistical model to forecast the arrival time of the Earth-impacting CME. Also included is a comparison between our model and the aerodynamic drag model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1997
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/universe7100361
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813994-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Dynamic Evolution of Multipoint Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed with BepiColombo, Tianwen-1, and MAVEN
    American Astronomical Society ; 2023
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Letters Vol. 951, No. 1 ( 2023-07-01), p. L14-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 951, No. 1 ( 2023-07-01), p. L14-
    Abstract: We present two multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) detected by the Tianwen-1 and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft at Mars and the BepiColombo (0.56 au ∼0.67 au) upstream of Mars from 2021 December 5 to 31. This is the first time that BepiColombo is used as an upstream solar wind monitor ahead of Mars and that Tianwen-1 is used to investigate the magnetic field characteristics of ICMEs at Mars. The Heliospheric Upwind Extrapolation time model was used to connect the multiple in situ observations and the coronagraph observations from STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO. The first fast coronal mass ejection event (∼761.2 km s −1 ), which erupted on December 4, impacted Mars centrally and grazed BepiColombo by its western flank. The ambient slow solar wind decelerated the west flank of the ICME, implying that the ICME event was significantly distorted by the solar wind structure. The second slow ICME event (∼390.7 km s −1 ) underwent an acceleration from its eruption to a distance within 0.69 au and then traveled with the constant velocity of the ambient solar wind. These findings highlight the importance of background solar wind in determining the interplanetary evolution and global morphology of ICMEs up to Mars distance. Observations from multiple locations are invaluable for space weather studies at Mars and merit more exploration in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-8205 , 2041-8213
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acd7e7
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207648-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006858-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Enhancement of the Energetic Particle Intensities in ICMEs
    American Astronomical Society ; 2019
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Vol. 885, No. 1 ( 2019-10-30), p. 54-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 885, No. 1 ( 2019-10-30), p. 54-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-4357
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4596
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207648-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473835-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using the “Ghost Front” to Predict the Arrival Time and Speed of CMEs at Venus and Earth
    American Astronomical Society ; 2020
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Vol. 899, No. 2 ( 2020-08-01), p. 143-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 899, No. 2 ( 2020-08-01), p. 143-
    Abstract: Using in situ measurements and remote-sensing observations, we study two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that left the Sun on 2012 June 13–14 and impacted both Venus and Earth while the planets were in close radial alignment. The two CMEs generate multiple fronts in Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)/Heliospheric Imager (HI) images, which can also be observed in the “J-map” as bifurcated features. We present the “ghost front” model to combine remote observations from STEREO/SECCHI and in situ observations from the Wind and Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft, and to derive the kinematics and propagation directions of the CMEs. By fitting the observations of multiple fronts to a kinematically evolving flux rope model and assuming the CMEs undergo deceleration through frictional drag with a steady-state solar wind, we confirm that the outer and inner fronts of the CMEs as detected in HI images are consistent with peaks in Thomson scattered light returned from the flank and nose of a single front for each CME. An interaction takes place between CME-1 and CME-2 that can be observed in the HI-1 field of view (FOV) before CME-1 encounters Venus. The multipoint in situ observations of the shock–CME interaction event serve as further evidence of the interaction between CMEs. The arrival times calculated from the ghost front model are within 2.5 hr of those observed at VEX and Wind. Our analysis indicates that ghost fronts could provide information about the longitudinally extended shape of the CME in the FOV of HI-1, which can be used to improve the forecast of interplanetary CME arrival time at Earth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-637X , 1538-4357
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba95a
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207648-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473835-1
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Stream Interaction Regions Observed by Tianwen-1 and MAVEN at Mars
    American Astronomical Society ; 2023
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Vol. 267, No. 1 ( 2023-07-01), p. 3-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 267, No. 1 ( 2023-07-01), p. 3-
    Abstract: The Tianwen-1 spacecraft is China's first Mars exploration mission. The Mars Orbiter Magnetometer (MOMAG) is a scientific instrument on board the Tianwen-1 mission that is designed to study magnetic fields at Mars, including the solar wind to the magnetosheath and the ionosphere. Using the first Tianwen-1/MOMAG data that is publicly available, we present an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) and stream interaction region (SIR) list based on in situ observations at Mars between 2021 November 16 and 2021 December 31. We compared the magnetic field intensity and vector magnetic field measurements from Tianwen-1/MOMAG and Mars Atmospheric Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)/Magnetometer (MAG) during the ICME and SIR interval and found a generally good consistency between them. Due to MAVEN's orbital adjustment since 2019, the Tianwen-1/MOMAG instrument is almost unique in its status as an interplanetary magnetic field monitor currently at Mars. The observations indicate that the MOMAG instrument on Tianwen-1 is performing well and can provide accurate measurements of the vector magnetic field in the near-Mars solar wind space. The multipoint observations combining MOMAG, MINPA, and MEPA on board Tianwen-1 with MAG, SWIA, and STATIC on board MAVEN will help develop systematic studies of the characteristics of ICMEs and SIRs at Mars, and their influences on the Martian atmosphere and ionosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-0049 , 1538-4365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/acd191
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006860-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207650-5
    SSG: 16,12
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