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  • MDPI AG  (22)
  • Zhao, Yutong  (22)
  • 1
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    Molecular Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression by E2F Transcription Factor 2 in Lung Fibroblast Cells: Relevance to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-21), p. 1531-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-21), p. 1531-
    Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic lung disease. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1/HO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme. The role of HO-1 in the pathogenesis of IPF has been studied; however, the molecular regulation of HO-1 and its role in IPF are still unclear. In this study, we found that HO-1 protein levels significantly increased in lung myofibroblasts in IPF patients and in lungs in a murine model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In addition, we observed that administration of a E2F transcription factor inhibitor elevated HO-1 mRNA and protein levels in lung fibroblasts. Downregulation of E2F2 by siRNA transfection increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels, while overexpression of E2F2 reduced HO-1 levels. However, overexpression of E2F2 did not alter hemin-induced HO-1 protein levels. Furthermore, modulation of HO-1 levels regulated TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation without altering the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in lung fibroblast cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was significantly upregulated in HO-1-depleted lung fibroblast cells. In summary, this study demonstrated that E2F2 regulates the baseline expression of HO-1, but has no effect on modulating HO-1 expression by hemin. Finally, elevated HO-1 expression contributes to the TGF-β1-induced lung myofibroblast differentiation through the activation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that targeting E2F2/HO-1 might be a new therapeutic strategy to treat fibrotic diseases such as IPF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom12101531
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 2
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    Non-Lethal Doses of RSL3 Impair Microvascular Endothelial Barrier through Degradation of Sphingosie-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 and Cytoskeletal Arrangement in A Ferroptosis-Independent Manner
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-09-04), p. 2451-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-09-04), p. 2451-
    Abstract: The excess microvascular endothelial permeability is a hallmark of acute inflammatory diseases. Maintenance of microvascular integrity is critical to preventing leakage of vascular components into the surrounding tissues. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an active lysophospholipid that enhances the endothelial cell (EC) barrier via activation of its receptor S1PR1. Here, we delineate the effect of non-lethal doses of RSL3, an inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), on EC barrier function. Low doses of RSL3 (50–100 nM) attenuated S1P-induced human lung microvascular barrier enhancement and the phosphorylation of AKT. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which RSL3 attenuates S1P’s effect, we examined the S1PR1 levels. RSL3 treatment reduced S1PR1 levels in 1 h, whereas the effect was attenuated by the proteasome and lysosome inhibitors as well as a lipid raft inhibitor. Immunofluorescence staining showed that RSL3 induced S1PR1 internalization from the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that RSL3 (100 and 200 nM) increased EC barrier permeability and cytoskeletal rearrangement without altering cell viability. Taken together, our data delineates that non-lethal doses of RSL3 impair EC barrier function via two mechanisms. RSL3 attenuates S1P1-induced EC barrier enhancement and disrupts EC barrier integrity through the generation of 4-hydroxynonena (4HNE). All these effects are independent of ferroptosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092451
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
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    An Ultrawideband Polarization-Insensitive Diffusion Metasurface Using Period Changed Unit Cell for RCS Reduction
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-09-03), p. 5053-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-09-03), p. 5053-
    Abstract: A polarization-insensitive diffusion metasurface using a period-changed unit cell is presented for reducing the radar cross-section (RCS) of metallic objects in ultrawideband. Two metallic Minkowski loops are proposed as coding elements, different from traditional designs. The “0” element is constructed by period-changed unit cells to achieve a 180 ± 30° phase difference with the same reflection amplitude of nearly −0.9 dB in an ultrawideband from 7.1 to 29.2 GHz. Multilayer geometry with a thickness of 4.5 mm (about 0.105λ0 at the lowest operating frequency) and rotational symmetry loops are used to realize the ultrawideband characteristic and polarization-insensitive behavior. For verification, a polarization-insensitive diffusion metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results of the diffusion metasurface are in good consistency and the results both show that the metasurface enables a 10 dB backscattering reduction over an amazing ultrawideband ranging from 7.1 to 29.2 GHz (BW of 122%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14175053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
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    High-Selectivity Bandpass Filter with Controllable Attenuation Based on Graphene Nanoplates
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2022-02-24), p. 1694-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2022-02-24), p. 1694-
    Abstract: A high-selectivity band pass filter with controllable attenuation based on graphene nanoplates is proposed in this paper. Graphene with controllable resistance has a good uniform attenuation effect to electric field intensity. The filter utilizes quarter wavelength stepped impedance resonators and mixed electromagnetic coupling to have compact circuits and high performance. The graphene nanoplates are loaded on the microstrip resonator to reduce the electric field intensity, which results in a flat attenuation in the passband. In addition, the filter has two transmission zeros, which lead to a strong selectivity. Finally, a high-selectivity bandpass filter with controllable attenuation is formed. By changing the bias voltage of graphene, a controllable attenuation of 1.64–11.13 dB can be achieved in the working passband centered at 1.36 GHz. In order to validate the concept, the prototype is fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed high-selectivity bandpass filter with controllable attenuation based on graphene nanoplates has widely potential in reconfigurable wireless communication systems and radar systems due to its high integration and versatility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15051694
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
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    The Effects of Urban Neighborhood Environmental Evaluation and Health Service Facilities on Residents’ Self-Rated Physical and Mental Health: A Comparative and Empirical Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2022-04-08), p. 4501-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2022-04-08), p. 4501-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The neighborhood environment has been shown to be an essential factor affecting residents’ quality of life and health, but the relationship between the characteristics of health service facilities and health levels is rarely known. (2) Methods: This study used a representative sample (n = 591, 303 women; 288 men, age 18–85 years, lived in Chengdu for an extensive time) of residents living in Chengdu City, China, and took spatial point data and empirical research data to construct an ordered logistic regression model. We contrastively analyzed the influence of different variables in the neighborhood environment and health service facilities on self-rated physical health (SRPH) and self-rated mental health (SRMH). (3) Results: The frequency of use and accessibility of multiple facilities in the health service facilities were significantly associated with self-rated health (SRH). Significant differences occurred between residents’ perceived accessibility and actual accessibility of facilities in SRH. Comparing the results of SRPH and SRMH revealed that the influencing factors that affect the two vary. The factors that significantly affect SRMH include neighborhood physical environment evaluation; social environmental evaluation; the frequency of use of the parks and squares, and sports zones; and the accessibility of parks and squares, specialized hospitals, community hospitals, and pharmacies. However, the factors that significantly affect SRPH include the frequency of use of sports venues, general hospitals, and pharmacies and the accessibility of general hospitals. The social environment of the neighborhood is also a non-negligible part, and its interaction with the physical environment of the neighborhood affects the outcome of SRH. (4) Conclusions: Neighborhood environmental characteristics and the layout of health service facilities have significant differential effects on people’s physical and psychological health, and this information is of great value in promoting healthy city development and improving the quality of life of urban populations around the world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084501
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Measurement of Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of the Social Economy and Ecological Environment in the Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration under High-Quality Development
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-11-05), p. 11629-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-11-05), p. 11629-
    Abstract: With rapid urbanization and industrialization, ecological disorders and environmental degradation have become serious, and the promotion of the coordinated development of the social economy and ecological environment is not only a pressing problem to be solved, but also an important step towards sustainable development. The coordinated development of the social economy and eco-environment is conducive to sustainable development. Considering the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration as a case study, this paper adopts panel data and establishes an index system to evaluate the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the social economy and ecological environment based on the concept of high-quality development. From the perspective of time and space, the changing laws and characteristics of the CCD are analyzed, and the key factors affecting it are determined using regression analysis. The results show the following: (1) the CCD between the social economy and ecological environment of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration presents a low level overall; (2) the CCD in more developed regions is significantly higher than that in less developed regions; thus, the characteristics of spatial differences are obvious; (3) the urbanization rate, ratio of actual use of foreign capital and GDP, ratio of total export-import volume and GDP, proportion of days with good air quality, and per capita public green space area are the main factors affecting the coordinated development of the social economy and ecological environment in the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration; and (4) Chongqing has obvious endogeneity. Finally, corresponding policy recommendations are provided aimed at promoting rapid economic development in the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration while focusing on environmental protection and promoting high-quality economic development with ecological environmental protection, while putting forward decision-making suggestions for high-quality development of urban agglomerations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111629
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Promotional Effects of Rare-Earth Praseodymium (Pr) Modification over MCM-41 for Methyl Mercaptan Catalytic Decomposition
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Processes Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2021-02-23), p. 400-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2021-02-23), p. 400-
    Abstract: Praseodymium (Pr)-promoted MCM-41 catalyst was investigated for the catalytic decomposition of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). Various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), were carried out to analyze the physicochemical properties of material. XPS characterization results showed that praseodymium was presented on the modified catalyst in the form of praseodymium oxide species, which can react with coke deposit to prolong the catalytic stability until 120 h. Meanwhile, the strong acid sites were proved to be the main active center over the 10% Pr/MCM-41 catalyst by NH3-TPD results during the catalytic elimination of methyl mercaptan. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed by analyzing the product distribution results. The final products were mainly small-molecule products, such as methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3) was a reaction intermediate during the reaction. Therefore, this work contributes to the understanding of the reaction process of catalytic decomposition methyl mercaptan and the design of anti-carbon deposition catalysts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr9020400
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 8
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    NOX4 Mediates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Nuclear Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Chromatin Remodeling in Lung Epithelium
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-17), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-17), p. 477-
    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), and earlier, we have shown a role for NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in PA-mediated lung inflammation and injury. Here, we show a role for the lung epithelial cell (LEpC) NOX4 in PA-mediated chromatin remodeling and lung inflammation. Intratracheal administration of PA to Nox4flox/flox mice for 24 h caused lung inflammatory injury; however, epithelial cell-deleted Nox4 mice exhibited reduced lung inflammatory injury, oxidative stress, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased histone acetylation. In LEpCs, NOX4 was localized both in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, and PA stimulation increased the nuclear NOX4 expression and ROS production. Downregulation or inhibition of NOX4 and PKC δ attenuated the PA-induced nuclear ROS. PA-induced histone acetylation was attenuated by Nox4-specific siRNA, unlike Nox2. PA stimulation increased HDAC1/2 oxidation and reduced HDAC1/2 activity. The PA-induced oxidation of HDAC2 was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and siRNA specific for Pkc δ, Sphk2, and Nox4. PA stimulated RAC1 activation in the nucleus and enhanced the association between HDAC2 and RAC1, p-PKC δ, and NOX4 in LEpCs. Our results revealed a critical role for the alveolar epithelial NOX4 in mediating PA-induced lung inflammatory injury via nuclear ROS generation, HDAC1/2 oxidation, and chromatin remodeling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 9
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    A Combinatorial TIR1-Aux/IAA Co-Receptor System for Peach Fruit Softening
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2023-06-23), p. 734-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2023-06-23), p. 734-
    Abstract: Fruit softening is an important characteristic of peach fruit ripening. The auxin receptor TIR1 (Transport Inhibitor Response 1) plays an important role in plant growth and fruit maturation. Still, little research has been conducted on the relation of TIR1 to the softening of peach fruits. In this study, the hardness of isolated peach fruits was reduced under exogenous NAA treatment at low concentrations. At the same time, the low concentration of NAA treatment reduced the transcription level of PpPG and Ppβ-GAL genes related to cell wall softening and PpACS1 genes related to ethylene synthesis. The transient overexpression of the PpTIR1 gene in peach fruit blocks caused significant down-regulation of the expression of early auxin-responsive genes, ethylene synthesis, and cell wall metabolic genes related to fruit firmness. Through yeast two-hybrid technology, bimolecular fluorescence complementary technology, and a firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay, we were able to unveil an interaction between PpTIR1 and PpIAA1/3/5/9/27 proteins. Furthermore, it was determined that the interaction depended on auxin and its type and concentration. These results show that the PpTIR1-Aux/IAA module has a possible regulatory effect on fruit ripening and softening.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9070734
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 10
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    Healthy Community-Life Circle Planning Combining Objective Measurement and Subjective Evaluation: Theoretical and Empirical Research
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2022-04-21), p. 5028-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2022-04-21), p. 5028-
    Abstract: Background: The world faces vast health challenges, and urban residents living in high-density areas have even greater demand for healthy lifestyles. Methods: Based on the data of points of interest, a field survey, and an interview, we explored the healthy community-life circle in the downtown area of Chengdu, China from two perspectives: objective measurement and subjective perception of residents. We evaluated the coverage rate and convenience in accessing eight types of health service facilities within a 15-min walk using linear and logistics regression models to explore the degree of resident satisfaction with facilities and influencing factors. Results: Results showed significant differences in coverage rates between different districts. The overall convenience in accessing health service facilities decreased gradually from the city center to the outskirts. The social environment, the layout of health service facilities, and residents’ travel habits were related to health service facility satisfaction. Results also showed significant differences in various facilities’ accessibility satisfaction between objective measurement and residents’ perception measurement. Compared with subjective measurement, the objective measurements of accessibility for sports venues (objectively measured average minus perceived average: −1.310), sports zones (−0.740), and specialized hospitals (−1.081) were lower; those for community hospitals (0.095), clinics (1.025), and pharmacies (0.765) were higher; and facility accessibility measured by subjective perception had a more significant impact on health facility satisfaction. Pharmacies (OR: 1.932) and community hospitals (OR: 1.751) had the largest impact among the eight types of facilities. Conclusion: This study proposed to construct a healthy community-life circle with a category and hierarchy system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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