Abstract: Three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography is an emerging technique for assessing right ventricular (RV) volume and function, but 3D‐RV normal values from a large Chinese population are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to establish normal values of 3D‐RV volume and function in healthy Chinese volunteers. A total of 1117 Han Chinese volunteers from 28 laboratories in 20 provinces of China were enrolled, and 3D‐RV images of 747 volunteers with optimal image quality were ultimately analyzed by a core laboratory. Both vendor‐dependent and vendor‐independent software platforms were used to analyze the 3D‐RV images. We found that men had larger RV volumes than women did in the whole population, even after indexing to body surface area, and older individuals had smaller RV volumes. The normal RV volume was significantly smaller than that recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines in both sexes. There were significant differences in 3D‐RV measurements between the two vendor ultrasound systems and the different software platforms. The echocardiographic measurements in normal Chinese adults II study revealed normal 3D‐RV volume and function in a large Chinese population, and there were significant differences between the sexes, ages, races, and vendor groups. Thus, normal 3D‐RV values should be stratified by sex, age, race, and vendor.

Abstract: Most randomized trials for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have investigated highly selected patients under idealized conditions, and the findings need to be validated in the real world. We conducted a population-based study of all APL patients in Zhejiang Province, China, with a total population of 82 million people, to assess the generalization of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic as front-line treatment. The outcomes of APL patients were also analyzed. Between January 2015 and December 2019, 1,233 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. The rate of ATRA and arsenic as front-line treatment increased steadily from 66.2% in 2015 to 83.3% in 2019, with no difference among the size of the center (≥5 or & lt;5 patients per year, p = 0.12) or age (≥60 or & lt;60 years, p = 0.35). The early death (ED) rate, defined as death within 30 days after diagnosis, was 8.2%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 87.9% in the whole patient population. Age (≥60 years) and white blood cell count ( & gt;10 × 10 9 /L) were independent risk factors for ED and OS in the multivariate analysis. This population-based study showed that ATRA and arsenic as front-line treatment are widely used under real-world conditions and yield a low ED rate and a high survival rate, which mimic the results from clinical trials, thereby supporting the wider application of APL guidelines in the future.

Abstract: As a major component in the air, nitrogen emits fluorescence when it interacts with intensive laser field. The fluorescence comes from the first negative band system (〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M7"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{B}}^{{2}}}\Sigma _{\rm{u}}^{{ + }} \to {{\rm{X}}^{{2}}}\Sigma _{\rm{g}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M7.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M7.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 transition) of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M8"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M8.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M8.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 and the second positive band system (〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M9"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{C}}^{{3}}}\Pi _{\rm{u}}^{{ + }} \to {{\rm{B}}^{{3}}}\Pi _{\rm{g}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M9.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M9.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 transition) of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M10"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{N}}_{{2}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M10.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M10.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉. Under the action of high-intensity femtosecond laser, 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M11"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{N}}_{{2}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M11.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M11.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 can be directly photo-ionized into 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M12"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}{{(}}{{\rm{B}}^{{2}}}\Sigma _{\rm{u}}^{{ + }})$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M12.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M12.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉, which results in fluorescence emission of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M13"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M13.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M13.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉. In the process of femtosecond laser filament formation, the dynamic processes such as ionization and excitation of nitrogen molecules are affected by the laser intensity distribution and laser polarization direction. The products show different distributions in the propagation direction and radial space, which, in turn, affects its light emission. Therefore, it is necessary to further ascertain its generation mechanism through the spatial distribution of nitrogen fluorescence. In this experiment, the spatial distribution of the nitrogen fluorescence emission generated by linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse filaments in air is measured. By changing the polarization direction of the laser to study the distribution of nitrogen fluorescence in the radial plane, it is found that the fluorescence emission of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M14"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_2^ + $\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M14.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M14.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 is more intense in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization, while it is weaker in the direction parallel to the laser polarization. The nitrogen fluorescence emission has the same intensity in all directions. The ionization probability of a linear molecule depends on the angle between the laser polarization direction and the molecular axis, which is maximum (minimum) when the angle is 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M15"〉\begin{document}${{{0}}^{\rm{o}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M15.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M15.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉(〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M16"〉\begin{document}${{9}}{{{0}}^{\rm{o}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M16.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M16.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉). The 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M17"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{N}}_{{2}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M17.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M17.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 gas is more likely to be ionized in the laser polarization direction, the nitrogen molecular ions 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M18"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M18.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M18.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 and electrons are separated in the direction parallel to the laser polarization. Therefore, more ions (〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M19"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M19.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M19.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉) are generated in the direction parallel to the laser polarization, and the fluorescence emission of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M20"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M20.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M20.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 is more intense. Along the propagation direction of the laser, it is found that the fluorescence of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M21"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{N}}_{{2}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M21.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M21.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 appears before the fluorescence of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M22"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_2^ + $\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M22.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M22.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 and disappears after the fluorescence of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M23"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M23.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M23.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 has vanished. This is due to the fact that 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M24"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{N}}_{{2}}}$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M24.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M24.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 can be ionized into 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M25"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_{{2}}^{{ + }}{{(}}{{\rm{B}}^{{2}}}\Sigma_{\rm{u}}^{{ + }})$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M25.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M25.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉 at the position of high enough laser intensity, thus emitting fluorescence of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M26"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_2^ + $\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M26.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M26.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉. However, the laser energy is not enough to ionize nitrogen at the beginning and end of laser transmission, but it can generate 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M27"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_2^ * $\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M27.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M27.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉, which emits nitrogen fluorescence through the process of intersystem crossing 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M28"〉\begin{document}${\rm{N}}_2^*\xrightarrow{{{\rm{ISC}}}}{{\rm{N}}_2}({{\rm{C}}^3}\Pi _{\rm{u}}^ + )$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M28.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M28.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉. The spatial distribution of nitrogen fluorescence emission during femtosecond laser filament formation shows that in the case of short focal length, the intersystem crossing scheme can explain the formation of 〈inline-formula〉〈tex-math id="M29"〉\begin{document}${{\rm{N}}_{{2}}}{{(}}{{\rm{C}}^{{3}}}\Pi _{\rm{u}}^{{ + }})$\end{document}〈/tex-math〉〈alternatives〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M29.jpg"/〉〈graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20201704_M29.png"/〉〈/alternatives〉〈/inline-formula〉. This research is helpful in understanding the mechanism of nitrogen fluorescence emission.

Abstract: Increasing evidence has suggested that major depression ( MD ) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease ( IHD ). We examined this association in Chinese adults using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study. Methods and Results Over 0.5 million adults aged 30 to 79 years were followed from baseline interview (2004–2008) until December 31, 2013. Past year MD was measured with the modified Chinese version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview‐Short Form at baseline. Incident IHD cases were identified through linkage to related medical databases, and defined as having International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes of I20 to I25. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CI s for the MD ‐ IHD association with adjustment for sociodemographic variables and established cardiovascular risk factors. During 3 423 542 person‐years of follow‐up, 24 705 incident IHD cases were documented. Higher IHD incidence was observed in participants with MD compared with those without (8.76 versus 7.21 per 1000 person‐years), and the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio was 1.32 (95% CI 1.15–1.53). Geographic location modified the association ( P for interaction=0.005), and a positive association was observed in urban residents (hazard ratio 1.72; 95% CI 1.39–2.14) but not rural residents (1.13; 0.93–1.37). Compared with participants without depressive symptoms, the hazard ratio (95% CI ) of IHD was 1.13 (1.04–1.23) for those with depressive symptoms only and 1.33 (1.15–1.53) for those with MD . Conclusions Past year major depression was associated with an increased risk of IHD in Chinese adults, independent of other major cardiovascular risk factors.

Abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a newly discovered homolog of ACE whose actions oppose those of angiotensin II (AngII). However, the underlying mechanisms by which ACE2 effectively suppresses early atherosclerotic lesions remain poorly understood. Here, we show, both in vitro and in vivo, that ACE2 inhibited the development of early atherosclerotic lesions by suppressing the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and improving endothelial function. In a relatively large cohort animal study (66 rabbits), aortic segments transfected by Ad-ACE2 showed significantly attenuated fatty streak formation, neointimal macrophage infiltration, and alleviation of impaired endothelial function. Segments also showed decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which led to the delayed onset of atherosclerotic lesions. At the cellular level, ACE2 significantly modulated AngII-induced growth and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and VSMCs. The antiatherosclerotic effect of ACE2 involved down-regulation of the ERK-p38, JAK-STAT, and AngII-ROS-NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. These findings revealed the molecular mechanisms of the antiatherosclerotic activity of ACE2 and suggested that modulation of ACE2 could offer a therapeutic option for treating atherosclerosis.

Abstract: To investigate whether ACE2 overexpression may enhance plaque stability, plaques were induced in 114 rabbits treated with local infusion of AdACE2, AdEGFP, or Ad.ACE2+A779. Local ACE2 overexpression resulted in stable plaque compositions, higher plaque stability scores, decreased angiotensin II levels, and increased angiotensin 1 to 7 levels in plaque tissues.