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  • MDPI AG  (49)
  • Zhang, Yu  (49)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Allicin Reduces the Production of α-Toxin by Staphylococcus aureus
    MDPI AG ; 2011
    In:  Molecules Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2011-09-15), p. 7958-7968
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2011-09-15), p. 7958-7968
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097958
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Groundwater Potential Assessment in Gannan Region, China, Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model and GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchical Process
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-08-04), p. 3873-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-08-04), p. 3873-
    Abstract: The Gannan region is situated in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, and has a complicated geological background. Seasonal droughts significantly jeopardize the water security of the local population. Groundwater is essential to alleviate the region’s water needs. In this research, the groundwater potential (GWP) of the Gannan region was assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The groundwater recharge and rainfall estimated by the SWAT model exhibited notable inconsistencies regarding their spatial distribution. Eight groundwater potential assessment factors (lithology, fault density, land use, slope, convergence index, drainage density, rainfall, and groundwater recharge) were constructed by integrating remote sensing, geological, and SWAT output data. Two GWP maps were constructed by an overlay analysis based on the obtained weights using the AHP, with the rainfall and groundwater recharge assigned the same weight to calculate the GWP with the other six factors separately. Each map was split into five classes: excellent, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. Data from 23 wells and 42 springs were collected to validate the two maps by correlation analysis between the GWP and flow rates of wells and springs. The correlation analysis result indicates that the GWP calculated by the recharge (R2 = 0.8 and 0.74, respectively) is more accurate than the GWP calculated by the rainfall (R2 = 0.21 and 0.48, respectively) and can provide a theoretical basis for groundwater management and exploration in the area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15153873
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain (2022)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-15), p. 1544-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-15), p. 1544-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the primary drugs for treating musculoskeletal pain. However, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations about drug selection, drug administration, drug interactions, and use in special populations or other pharmacology-related content of such medications. To this end, the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee developed multidisciplinary guidelines on using topical NSAIDs to treat musculoskeletal pain. (2) Methods: The guidelines development process followed the World Health Organization guideline development handbook, the GRADE methodology, and the statement of Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare. The guideline panel used the Delphi method to identify six clinical questions to be addressed in the guidelines. An independent systematic review team conducted a systematic search and integration of evidence. (3) Results: Based on the balance between the benefits and harms of an intervention, the quality of the evidence, patient preferences and values, and resource utilization, the guideline panel developed 11 recommendations and nine expert consensuses on using topical NSAIDs to treat acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. (4) Conclusions: Based on the effectiveness and overall safety of topical NSAIDs, we recommend patients with musculoskeletal pain use topical NSAIDs and suggest high-risk patients use topical NSAIDs, such as those with other diseases or receiving other concurrent treatments. The evidenced-based guidelines on topical NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain incorporated a pharmacist perspective. The guidelines have the potential to facilitate the rational use of topical NSAIDs. The guideline panel will monitor the relevant evidence and update the recommendations accordingly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041544
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Different Annealing Temperatures on Recrystallization Microstructure and Texture of Clock-Rolled Tantalum Plates with Strong Texture Gradient
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Metals Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2019-03-20), p. 358-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2019-03-20), p. 358-
    Abstract: The texture and the bulk stored energy along the thickness direction were extremely inhomogeneous in the clock-rolled tantalum sheets with 70% reduction. Therefore, the effects of different annealing temperatures on the microstructure and texture distribution of tantalum plates through the thickness were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the occurrence of strong {111} recrystallization texture in the center layer can be attributed to the subgrains nucleation mechanism when annealed at the low temperature. Many subgrains with {111} orientation appeared in the center layer, due to its high stored energy and preferential nucleation sites of the {111} deformed matrix, and rapidly grew into the effective nucleus, resulting in the large {111} grain size and strong {111} texture after complete recrystallization. Contrarily, at the high temperature, high-angle grain boundaries had sufficient driving force to generate migration, due to the lack of recovery, and the growth time of recrystallized nucleus was much shorter, contributing to relatively uniform recrystallization microstructure and texture distribution along the thickness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met9030358
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the Composition and Biological Activity of the Venom from Vespa bicolor Fabricius, a Wasp from South China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Toxins Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-14), p. 59-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-14), p. 59-
    Abstract: We analyzed, for the first time, the major components and biological properties of the venom of Vespa bicolor, a wasp from South China. Using HPLC and SDS-PAGE, combined with LC–MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, and NMR data to analyze V. bicolor venom (VBV), we found that VBV contains three proteins (hyaluronidase A, phospholipase A1 (two isoforms), and antigen 5 protein) with allergenic activity, two unreported proteins (proteins 5 and 6), and two active substances with large quantities (mastoparan-like peptide 12a (Vb-MLP 12a), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)). In addition, the antimicrobial activity of VBV was determined, and results showed that it had a significant effect against anaerobic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for Propionibacterium acnes were 12.5 µg/mL. Unsurprisingly, VBV had strong antioxidant activity because of the abundance of 5-HT. Contrary to other Vespa venom, VBV showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, even at low concentrations (1 µg/mL), and we found that Vb-MLP 12a showed pro-inflammatory activity by promoting the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Cytotoxicity studies showed that VBV had similar antiproliferative effects against all tested tumor cell lines (HepG2, Hela, MCF-7, A549, and SASJ-1), with HepG2 being the most susceptible. Overall, this study on VBV has high clinical importance and promotes the development of Vespa bicolor resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationship between Instant Sampling and Daily Average Values of COD for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants in China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Water Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-11-24), p. 2475-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-11-24), p. 2475-
    Abstract: Most guidelines for urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are established on a time basis determination to determine performance and compliance with discharge standards and limits (i.e., maximum daily-average). Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic analysis of the relationship between instant sampling and daily average discharge concentration values. The present study used the chemical oxygen demand (COD) automated monitoring data that were collected from 1738 WWTPs in China to discuss the relationship between instant sampling and daily average values. A ratio model (K value) was developed to study the relationship between the reliability of the instant sampling value and the daily average limit for the COD measurements. The K value revealed that the ratio of COD instant and daily average measured concentrations for WWTPs in China collectively ranged from 1.00 to 1.45. The results of this study suggest setting the K value of COD to 1.3 for WWTPs in China to estimate the corresponding instant sampling limit of COD, as well as for most WWTPs in China, in order to ensure the stability of compliance to the daily average limits. The instant sampling value of COD in 24 h should be controlled no more than five times out of the instant sampling limit, which is 1.3 times of the daily average limit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w11122475
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determining Discharge Characteristics and Limits of Heavy Metals and Metalloids for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in China Based on Statistical Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Water Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-14), p. 1248-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-14), p. 1248-
    Abstract: Industrial wastewater and sewage are both important sources of heavy metals and metalloids in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). China has made great efforts to control heavy metal and metalloid pollution by setting discharge limits for WWTPs. There is, however, limited discharge data and no systematic methodology for the derivation of discharge limits. In this study, 14 heavy metals and metalloids (Hg, alkyl mercury, As, Cd, Cr, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Be, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) that are listed in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) were selected for the analysis of discharge characteristics while using the supervised monitoring data from more than 800 WWTPs located in nine provinces in China. Of the 14 heavy metals and metalloids, all but alkyl mercury were detected in the discharge water. There was a high rate of detection of As, Cu, Mn, Se, and there were some samples that exceeded the standard concentrations of Cr, Cr6+, Pb, and Ni. Removal rates of Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se were higher than 40%, comparable to values from other countries. Hg and As were selected to analyze the influencing factors of effluent and derive discharge limits of WWTPs using a statistical method, because these two metals had more detected data than other metals. The study used supervised monitoring data from Zhejiang WWTPs with 99 for Hg and 112 for As. Based on the delta-lognormal distribution, the results showed that geographic location was significantly closely correlated with Hg (P = 0.027 〈 0.05) and As (P ≈ 0 〈 0.05) discharge concentrations, while size (for Hg P = 0.695 〉 0.05, for As P = 0.088 〉 0.05) and influent concentration (R2 〈 0.5) were not. Derived Hg and As discharge limits suggest that it is necessary to establish stricter discharge limits for WWTPs, which is more consistent with the real-world situation in China. The study here comprehensively researches the discharge characteristics of heavy metals and metalloids in effluent of WWTPs in China, and developed for the first time in China heavy metals and metalloids discharge limits based on statistical methods. The results may inform special discharge limit settings for WWTPs in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w10091248
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Their Driving Forces of Land Use Change Based on Economic Contributive Coefficient (ECC) and Ecological Support Coefficient (ESC) in the Lower Yellow River Region (1995–2018)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2020-05-20), p. 2600-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2020-05-20), p. 2600-
    Abstract: Land use change is the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions after fossil combustion, which can hurt ecological environment severely. Intensive study on land use carbon emissions is of great significance to alleviate environmental pressure, formulate carbon emission reduction policy, and protect ecological development. The lower Yellow River area is an important area of economic development, grain cultivation, and agricultural production in China. Land use change has significant economic, environmental, and ecological impacts in this region. Deep study of land used carbon emissions and its influencing factors in the lower Yellow River area is not only of great significance to the environmental improvement in the Yellow River basin, but also can provide references for the research of other basins. Based on this, this paper studies the land use carbon emissions of 20 cities in the lower Yellow River area from 1995 to 2018. The results showed that from 1995 to 2018, the land use change was characterized by the decrease of the ecological land and the increase of the built-up land significantly. The overall carbon emission of the lower Yellow River area is increasing, and the built-up land is the main factor that leads to the increase of carbon emission, which can be also proven by the analysis of the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model. The economic contributive coefficient (ECC) and ecological support coefficient (ESC) of carbon emission in the lower Yellow River area show a trend of high in Zhengzhou, Jinan, and Zibo and low in Zhoukou, Shangqiu, and Heze, and there was no significant changes during the study period, which indicates that each city did not achieve the coordinated development of the ecological economy. Finally, analysis results of the STIRPAT model indicated that the area of built-up land had the greatest impact on land use carbon emissions, followed by tertiary industry, whereas per capita gross domestic product (GDP) had the smallest impact. For every 1% increase in the area of built-up land, carbon emissions increased by 1.024%. By contrast, for every 1% increase in the contribution of tertiary industry to the GDP and per capita GDP, carbon emissions decreased by 0.051% and 0.034%, respectively. According to the study, there are still many problems in the coordinated development of economy and ecology in the lower Yellow River area. The lower Yellow River area should control the expansion of built-up land, afforestation, development of technology, reduction of carbon emissions, and promotion of the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13102600
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Green Separation and Extraction of Isofraxidin from Acanthopanax senticosus Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Synthesized from Choline Chloride and Citric Acid
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 943-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 943-
    Abstract: Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. Maxim.; AS) is a medicinal plant used in the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and central nervous system disorders, and it significantly improves blood lipid levels and endothelial cell function in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Isofraxidin, one of the active ingredients of AS, is the core of the plant’s medical effects, and its extraction depends on organic solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new green solvents synthesized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) which are non-toxic, have a high separation and extraction efficiency, and are environmentally friendly compared to traditional organic solvents. In this paper, DES was used for the extraction of isofraxidin from AS. The primary findings demonstrated that the DES had a viscosity higher than that of ethanol, and even adding a small amount of water (approximately 10%) would trigger solvent redistribution, leading to a considerable reduction in solvent viscosity. In comparison to ethanol, the extraction rate of isofraxidin by DES was 2–3 times higher. Thus, this work developed a new technique for using green extraction of isofraxidin that has some practical implications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11030943
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simultaneous Determination of 24 Antidepressant Drugs and Their Metabolites in Wastewater by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Molecules Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2014-01-20), p. 1212-1222
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2014-01-20), p. 1212-1222
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules19011212
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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