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  • MDPI AG  (38)
  • Zhang, Yan  (38)
  • 1
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    Production of Antigen-Binding Fragment against O,O-Diethyl Organophosphorus Pesticides and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Antibody Recognition
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2018-05-06), p. 1381-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2018-05-06), p. 1381-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051381
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    The Proton Dissociation of Bio-Protic Ionic Liquids: [AAE]X Amino Acid Ionic Liquids
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-12-25), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-12-25), p. 62-
    Abstract: [AAE]X composed of amino acid ester cations is a sort of typically “bio-based” protic ionic liquids (PILs). They possess potential Brønsted acidity due to the active hydrogens on their cations. The Brønsted acidity of [AAE] X PILs in green solvents (water and ethanol) at room temperature was systematically studied. Various frameworks of amino acid ester cations and four anions were investigated in this work from the viewpoint of structure–property relationship. Four different ways were used to study the acidity. Acid dissociation constants (pKa) of [AAE]X determined by the OIM (overlapping indicator method) were from 7.10 to 7.73 in water and from 8.54 to 9.05 in ethanol. The pKa values determined by the PTM (potential titration method) were from 7.12 to 7.82 in water. Their Hammett acidity function (H0) values (0.05 mol·L−1) were about 4.6 in water. In addition, the pKa values obtained by the DFT (proton-transfer reactions) were from 7.11 to 7.83 in water and from 8.54 to 9.34 in ethanol, respectively. The data revealed that the cationic structures of [AAE]X had little effect and the anions had no effect on the acidity of [AAE] X. At the same time, the OIM, PTM, Hammett method and DFT method were reliable for determining the acidic strength of [AAE]X in this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    A Preliminary Fault Detection Methodology for Abnormal Distillation Column Operations Using Acoustic Signals
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 12657-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 12657-
    Abstract: The fault detection of the chemical equipment operation process is an effective means to ensure safe production. In this study, an acoustic signal processing technique and a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification algorithm were combined to identify the running states of the distillation columns. This method can accurately identify various fluid flow states in distillation columns, including normal and flooding states. First, the acoustic signals were collected under normal and abnormal states in an experimental distillation column. Then, the method of dual-domain feature extraction was used to extract the features such as the energy ratio and linear prediction coefficient (LPC). Moreover, the extracted feature parameters were analyzed and compared in a general way. Finally, the k-NN model was used to classify the acoustic signals. The results show that this method had high identification accuracy and provided an important reference for further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122412657
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
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    Luteolin Attenuates Hypertension via Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-18), p. 502-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-18), p. 502-
    Abstract: Background: Luteolin is widely distributed among a number of vegetal species worldwide. The pharmacological effects of luteolin are diverse and amongst antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary study showed that luteolin can ameliorate hypertension. However, the precise mechanism needs further investigation. There is no evidence that luteolin affects the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a brain nucleus associated with a critical neural regulator of blood pressure. Our main aim was to explore the effect of luteolin on the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway within the PVN of hypertensive rats. Methods: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and corresponding normotensive control rats, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into four groups and subsequently treated for 4 weeks with bilateral PVN injections of either luteolin (20 µg/0.11 µL, volume: 0.11 µL/h) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid). Results: luteolin infusion to the PVN significantly decreased some hemodynamic parameters including the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), circulating plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI). Additionally, there was a decrease in the expressions of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase-B (p-AKT), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD(P)H oxidase subunit (NOX2, NOX4) in the PVN of SHRs. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in the PVN of SHRs were lowered. Furthermore, immunofluorescence results showed that injection of luteolin in the PVN reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and increased that of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) in the PVN of SHRs. Conclusion: Our novel findings revealed that luteolin lowered hypertension via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the PVN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15030502
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
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    Maternal Dietary Nutrient Intake and Its Association  with Preterm Birth: A Case‐control Study in Beijing,  China
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-03-01), p. 221-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-03-01), p. 221-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu9030221
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
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    Preparation and Characterization of Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Resins and the Derived Alignment Layers for Liquid Crystal Display Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Polymers Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2020-01-15), p. 217-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2020-01-15), p. 217-
    Abstract: Uniform alignment of rigid-rod liquid crystal (LC) molecules under applied voltage is critical for achievement of high-quality display for thin-film transistor-driven liquid crystal display devices (TFT-LCDs). The polymeric components that can induce the alignment of randomly aligned LC molecules are called alignment layers (ALs). In the current work, a series of organo-soluble polyimide (SPI) ALs were designed and prepared from an alicyclic dianhydride, hydrogenated 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (HBPDA), and various aromatic diamines, including 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA) for SPI-1, 4,4′-aminodianiline (NDA) for SPI-2, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TMMDA) for SPI-3, and 3,3′-diethyl-5,5′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DMDEDA) for SPI-4. The derived SPI resins were all soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Four SPI alignment agents with the solid content of 6 wt.% were prepared by dissolving the SPI resins in the mixed solvent of NMP and butyl cellulose (BC) (NMP/BC = 80:20, weight ratio). Liquid crystal minicells were successfully fabricated using the developed SPI varnishes as the LC molecule alignment components. The SPI ALs showed good alignment ability for the LC molecules with the pretilt angles in the range of 1.58°–1.97°. The LC minicells exhibited good optoelectronic characteristics with voltage holding ratio (VHR) values higher than 96%. The good alignment ability of the SPI ALs is mainly attributed to the good comprehensive properties of the SPI layers, including high volume resistivity, high degree of imidization at the processing temperature (230 °C), good rubbing resistance, good thermal stability with glass transition temperatures (Tgs) higher than 260 °C, and excellent optical transparency with the transmittance higher than 97% at the wavelength of 550 nm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym12010217
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
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    Feasibility Investigation of Improving the Modified Green–Ampt Model for Treatment of Horizontal Infiltration in Soil
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Water Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-03-28), p. 645-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-03-28), p. 645-
    Abstract: Water infiltration in soil is a complex process that still requires appreciation of interactions among three phases (soil particles, water and air) to enable accurate estimation of water transport rates. To simulate this process, the Green–Ampt (GA) model and the Modified Green-Ampt (MGA) model introduced in the paper “A new method to estimate soil water infiltration based on a modified Green–Ampt model” have been widely used. The GA model is based on the hypothesis that the advance of the wetting front in soil under matric suction can be treated as a rectangular piston flow that is instantaneously transformed after passage of the infiltration front, and the MGA model does not contain the influence of pore size change. This cannot accurately reflect the soil moisture change process from unsaturation to saturation. Due to soil stratification and other inhomogeneity, predictions produced with these models often differ widely from observations. To quickly obtain the soil moisture distribution after passage of the wetting front for horizontal infiltration, an improved modified Green–Ampt (IMGA) model is presented, which estimates the soil moisture profile along a horizontal column in a piecewise manner with three functions. A logarithmic function is used to describe the gradual soil saturation process in the transmission zone, and two linear functions are used to represent the wetting zone. The algorithm of the IMGA model for estimating the water infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration is configured. To verify the effectiveness of IMGA model, a lab model test was performed, and a numerical model was built to solve the horizontal one-dimensional Richards equation using the finite–element method. The results show that the IMGA model is more accurate than the GA and MGA models. The horizontal soil moisture profiles obtained by the IMGA model are closer to the measured data than the numerical simulation results. The relative errors of the MGA and IMGA models decrease with an increase in infiltration time, whereas that of the GA model first decreases and then increases with infiltration time. The primary novelty of this study is nonlinear description of soil moisture content distribution, and derivation of unit transfer coefficient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w11040645
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 8
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    A Novel Structure Harboring blaCTX-M-27 on IncF Plasmids in Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine in China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-04), p. 387-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-04), p. 387-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of blaCTX-M-27-producing Escherichia coli and transmission mechanisms of blaCTX-M-27 from swine farms in China. A total of 333 E. coli isolates were collected from two farms from 2013 to 2016. Thirty-two CTX-M-27-positive E. coli were obtained, and all were multidrug-resistant. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) profiles indicated a wide range of strain types that carried blaCTX-M-27, and the sequence type ST10 predominated. Conjugation, replicon typing, S1-PFGE and hybridization experiments confirmed that 28 out of 32 CTX-M-27 positive isolates carried blaCTX-M-27 genes on plasmids F18:A-:B10 (16) and F24:A-:B1 (12).The blaCTX-M-27 genes for 24 isolates were transmitted by plasmids with sizes ranging from 40 to 155 kb. A comparative analysis with blaCTX-M-27-plasmids indicated that the tra-trb region of F24:A-:B1 plasmids was destroyed by insertion of a complex region (eight isolates) and a novel structure containing blaCTX-M-27 in the F18:A-:B10 plasmids (12 isolates). The novel structure increased the stability of the blaCTX-M-27 gene in E. coli. This study indicated that the predominant vehicle for blaCTX-M-27 transmission has diversified over time and that control strategies to limit blaCTX-M-27 transmission in farm animals are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040387
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Dominant Elongase Activity of Elovl5a but Higher Expression of Elovl5b in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 23 ( 2022-11-24), p. 14666-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 23 ( 2022-11-24), p. 14666-
    Abstract: Most diploid freshwater and marine fish encode one elovl5 elongase, having substrate specificity and activities towards C18, C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The allo-tetraploid common carp is hypothesized to encode two duplicated elovl5 genes. How these two elovl5 genes adapt to coordinate the PUFA biosynthesis through elongase function and expression divergence requires elucidation. In this study, we obtained the full-length cDNA sequences of two elovl5 genes in common carp, named as elovl5a and elovl5b. Functional characterization showed that both enzymes had elongase activity towards C18, C20 and C22 PUFAs. Especially, the activities of these two enzymes towards C22 PUFAs ranged from 3.87% to 8.24%, higher than those in most freshwater and marine fish. The Elovl5a had higher elongase activities than Elovl5b towards seven substrates. The spatial-temporal expression showed that both genes co-transcribed in all tissues and development stages. However, the expression levels of elovl5b were significantly higher than those of elovl5a in all examined conditions, suggesting that elovl5b would be the dominantly expressed gene. These two genes had different potential transcriptional binding sites. These results revealed the complicated roles of elovl5 on PUFA synthesis in common carp. The data also increased the knowledge of co-ordination between two homoeologs of the polyploid fish through function and expression divergence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314666
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Port-Related Emissions, Environmental Impacts and Their Implication on Green Traffic Policy in Shanghai
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-05-20), p. 4162-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-05-20), p. 4162-
    Abstract: The port of Shanghai, as the world’s largest container port, has been experiencing rapid development in recent years, with increasing cargo throughput capacity. The combustion of diesel fuels used by internal and external port-related container trucks and in-port machineries can release various pollutants, causing air pollution. The terminals are close to the residential area, and the emissions are concentrated, which is worth paying attention to. This study aims to synthetically assess the port-related emissions and their environmental impacts. We firstly constructed an emission inventory of air pollutants in the port of Shanghai and then used the WRF-CMAQ model to estimate the influence of port-related source emissions on air quality. The results show that the annual emissions of SO2, NOX, CO, VOCS, PM, PM10, PM2.5, CO2, BC and OC caused by cargo-handling equipment were 21.88 t, 1811.22 t, 1741.72 t, 222.76 t, 61.52 t, 61.42 t, 58.41 t, 141,805.40 t, 26.80 t and 10.07 t in 2015. The emissions of NOX, CO, VOCS, PM10 and PM2.5 caused by external port-related container trucks were 18,002.92 t, 5308.0 t, 1134.57 t, 711.12 t and 640.58 t. The exhaust of external port-related container trucks was much larger than that of cargo-handling equipment, so the impact on air quality was also higher than that of the machinery. The peak annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and NOX contributed by the port-related sources were 1.75 μg/m3 and 49.21 μg/m3, respectively, which accounted for 3.08% and 36.7%, respectively, of the simulated ambient concentrations by all the anthropogenic emissions in Shanghai. Our results imply that the emission control policy to reduce the combined port-related emissions, especially for the cargo-delivery transportation phase from port to city, is key for large coastal port cities such as Shanghai.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12104162
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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