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  • MDPI AG  (43)
  • Zhang, Qiong  (43)
  • 1
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    Accumulation of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd in Aboveground Organs of Chinese Winter Jujube from the Yellow River Delta, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-18), p. 10278-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-18), p. 10278-
    Abstract: In the present study, winter jujube organs including fruit, fruiting leaf and foliage leaf, and associated soils in 14 typical orchards in Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China were collected and determined for the mass fractions of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. The mass fractions of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in plant tissues generally showed an order of Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Ni 〉 Co 〉 Cd as well as those in the soils decreased as Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Co 〉 Cd. The values of single factor index and Nemerow pollution index suggested the jujube fruits were not polluted by heavy metals. Values of estimated daily intake for all the elements were far below their associated acceptable reference values, indicating no health risks would be caused by a single trace element. The results of targeted hazard quotient (THQ) of the metals in the fruits decreased as Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Cd accompanying total THQ (TTHQ) lower than 1 showing no hazard would be caused by those metals. Correlation analysis showed soil might not be the main source of heavy metals in winter jujube organs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for Co, Ni, Zn and Cd in fruits and leaves were far below 1 suggesting their low bioavailablities. The relatively great BAFs of Cu in the leaves might be due to the application of fertilizers and pesticides containing great amounts of Cu through soil and foliar spraying. To sum up, heavy metals tended not to be a major threat to winter jujube cultivation, and winter jujube had great edible safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
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    Influence of Alternating Temperature on the Effectiveness of EICP in Consolidating Aeolian Sand
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2023-06-11), p. 7035-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2023-06-11), p. 7035-
    Abstract: The utilization of enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) to consolidate aeolian sand has received significant attention in recent years. However, urease activity is directly affected by temperature, which varies greatly from day to night, especially in desert areas. To investigate the effect of alternating temperature on aeolian sand cementation by EICP, three experimental groups were designed to simulate the sunrise-to-sunset cycle in a natural desert environment: T1 (a process from heating to constant temperature to cooling), T2 (a process from cooling to constant temperature to heating), and T3 (a process of constant temperature throughout) as a control group. The differences in calcium carbonate content, precipitation rate of calcium carbonate, permeability coefficients, and shear wave velocity were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to observe the external cementation states by mineralization. The results showed that T2 had the highest calcium carbonate content, followed by T3 and, finally, T1, which were also confirmed by permeability coefficient and shear wave velocity tests. In addition, different alternating temperature processes would affect the survival time of the urease, and T2 showed the longest reaction time as the urease stayed active for the longest time in this process. The results provide a scientific reference for the selection of construction periods in which EICP can be optimally applied for the on-site aeolian sand cementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13127035
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
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    The Deoptimization of Rabies Virus Matrix Protein Impacts Viral Transcription and Replication
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-18), p. 4-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-18), p. 4-
    Abstract: Rabies virus (RABV) matrix (M) protein plays several important roles during RABV infection. Although previous studies have assessed the functions of M through gene rearrangements, this interferes with the position of other viral proteins. In this study, we attenuated M expression through deoptimizing its codon usage based on codon pair bias in RABV. This strategy more objectively clarifies the role of M during virus infection. Codon-deoptimized M inhibited RABV replication during the early stages of infection, but enhanced viral titers at later stages. Codon-deoptimized M also inhibited genome synthesis at early stage of infection and increased the RABV transcription rates. Attenuated M through codon deoptimization enhanced RABV glycoprotein expression following RABV infection in neuronal cells, but had no influence on the cell-to-cell spread of RABV. In addition, codon-deoptimized M virus induced higher levels of apoptosis compared to the parental RABV. These results indicate that codon-deoptimized M increases glycoprotein expression, providing a foundation for further investigation of the role of M during RABV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12010004
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 4
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    Epigenetic DNA Modifications Upregulate SPRY2 in Human Colorectal Cancers
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-02), p. 2632-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-02), p. 2632-
    Abstract: Conventional wisdom is that Sprouty2 (SPRY2), a suppressor of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling, functions as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in many solid tumors. We reported, for the first time, that increased expression of SPRY2 augments cancer phenotype and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this report, we assessed epigenetic DNA modifications that regulate SPRY2 expression in CRC. A total of 4 loci within SPRY2 were evaluated for 5mC using Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis (COBRA). Previously sequenced 5hmC nano-hmC seal data within SPRY2 promoter and gene body were evaluated in CRC. Combined bioinformatics analyses of SPRY2 CRC transcripts by RNA-seq/microarray and 450K methyl-array data archived in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO database were performed. SPRY2 protein in CRC tumors and cells was measured by Western blotting. Increased SPRY2 mRNA was observed across several CRC datasets and increased protein expression was observed among CRC patient samples. For the first time, SPRY2 hypomethylation was identified in adenocarcinomas in the promoter and gene body. We also revealed, for the first time, increases of 5hmC deposition in the promoter region of SPRY2 in CRC. SPRY2 promoter hypomethylation and increased 5hmC may play an influential role in upregulating SPRY2 in CRC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10102632
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 5
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    Correction: Stuckel, et al.; Enhanced CXCR4 Expression Associates with Increased Gene Body 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Modification but Not Decreased Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 539
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-23), p. 3104-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-23), p. 3104-
    Abstract: The authors would like to make a correction to their published paper [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113104
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
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    Enhanced CXCR4 Expression Associates with Increased Gene Body 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Modification but not Decreased Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-26), p. 539-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-26), p. 539-
    Abstract: In colorectal cancer (CRC), upregulation of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis, highlighting the need to further elucidate CXCR4’s regulation in CRC. For the first time, DNA methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine aberrations were investigated to better understand the epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 in CRC. CXCR4 expression levels were measured using qPCR and immunoblotting in normal colon tissues, primary colon cancer tissues and CRC cell lines. Publicly available RNA-seq and methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were extracted from tumors from CRC patients. The DNA methylation status spanning CXCR4 gene was evaluated using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). The methylation status in the CXCR4 gene body was analyzed using previously performed nano-hmC-seal data from colon cancers and adjacent normal colonic mucosa. CXCR4 expression levels were significantly increased in tumor stromal cells and in tumor colonocytes, compared to matched cell types from adjacent normal-appearing mucosa. CXCR4 promoter methylation was detected in a minority of colorectal tumors in the TCGA. The CpG island of the CXCR4 promoter showed increased methylation in three of four CRC cell lines. CXCR4 protein expression differences were also notable between microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite instable (MSI) tumor cell lines. While differential methylation was not detected in CXCR4, enrichment of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in CXCR4 gene bodies in CRC was observed compared to adjacent mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030539
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 7
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    SET Domain Group 703 Regulates Planthopper Resistance by Suppressing the Expression of Defense-Related Genes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 16 ( 2023-08-21), p. 13003-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 16 ( 2023-08-21), p. 13003-
    Abstract: Plant defense responses against insect pests are intricately regulated by highly complex regulatory networks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones modulate the expression of genes involved in various biological processes. However, the role of PTMs in conferring insect resistance remains unclear. Through the screening of a T-DNA insertion activation-tagged mutant collection in rice, we identified the mutant planthopper susceptible 1 (phs1), which exhibits heightened expression of SET domain group 703 (SDG703). This overexpression is associated with increased susceptibility to the small brown planthopper (SBPH), an economically significant insect pest affecting rice crops. SDG703 is constitutively expressed in multiple tissues and shows substantial upregulation in response to SBPH feeding. SDG703 demonstrates the activity of histone H3K9 methyltransferase. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the downregulation of genes involved in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants overexpressing SDG703. Among the downregulated genes, the overexpression of SDG703 in plants resulted in a higher level of histone H3K9 methylation compared to control plants. Collectively, these findings indicate that SDG703 suppresses the expression of defense-related genes through the promotion of histone methylation, consequently leading to reduced resistance against SBPH. The defense-related genes regulated by histone methylation present valuable targets for developing effective pest management strategies in future studies. Furthermore, our study provides novel insight into the epigenetic regulation involved in plant-insect resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 8
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    Investigation of Plume Offset Characteristics in Bubble Columns by Euler–Euler Simulation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Processes Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2020-07-07), p. 795-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2020-07-07), p. 795-
    Abstract: Based on low-cost and easy to enlarge, the bubble column device has been widely concerned in chemical industry. This paper focuses on bubble plumes in laboratory-scale three-dimensional rectangular air-water columns. Static behavior has been investigated in many experiments and simulations, and our present investigations consider the dynamic behavior of bubble plume offset in three dimensions. The investigations are conducted with a set of closure models by the Euler–Euler approach, and subsequently, literature data for rectangular bubble columns are analyzed for comparison purposes. Moreover, the transient evolution characteristics of the bubble plume in the bubble column and the gas phase distribution in sections are introduced, and the offset characteristics and the oscillation period of the plume are analyzed. In addition, the distributions of the vector diagram of velocity and vortex intensity in the domain are given. The effects of different fluxes and column aspect ratios on bubble plumes are studied, and the offset and plume oscillation period (POP) characteristics of bubbles are examined. The investigations reveal quantitative correlations of operating conditions (gas volume flux) and aspect ratios that have not been reported so far, and the simulated and experimental POP results agree well. An interesting phenomenon is that POP does not occur under conditions of a high flux and aspect ratio, and the corresponding prediction values for the conditions with and without POP are given as well. The results reported in this paper may open up a new way for further study of the mass transfer of bubble plumes and development of chemical equipment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr8070795
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 9
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    Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome in Fruits and Roots of Kiwifruit
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-09), p. 1299-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-09), p. 1299-
    Abstract: Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) roots instead of fruits are widely used as Chinese medicine, but the functional metabolites remain unclear. In this study, we conducted comparative metabolome analysis between root and fruit in kiwifruit. A total of 410 metabolites were identified in the fruit and root tissues, and of them, 135 metabolites were annotated according to the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Moreover, 54 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were shared in root and fruit, with 17 DEMs involved in the flavonoid pathway. Of the 17 DEMs, three flavonols (kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, L-Epicatechin and trifolin) and one dihydrochalcone (phloretin) showed the highest differences in the content level, suggesting that flavonols and dihydrochalcones may act as functional components in kiwifruit root. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to flavonols and dihydrochalcones were highly expressed in root. Moreover, two AP2 transcription factors (TFs), AcRAP2-4 and AcAP2-4, were highly expressed in root, while one bHLH TF AcbHLH62 showed extremely low expression in root. The expression profiles of these TFs were similar to those of the genes related to flavonols and dihydrochalcones, suggesting they are key candidate genes controlling the flavonoid accumulation in kiwifruit. Our results provided an insight into the functional metabolites and their regulatory mechanism in kiwifruit root.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021299
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 10
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    Recovery of Energy and Carbon Dioxide from Craft Brewery Wastes for Onsite Use
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-09-12), p. 831-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-09-12), p. 831-
    Abstract: Interest in craft beers is increasing worldwide due to their flavor and variety. However, craft breweries have high water, energy, and carbon dioxide (CO2) demands and generate large quantities of high-strength waste and greenhouse gases. While many large breweries recover energy using anaerobic digestion (AD) and recapture CO2 from beer fermentation, little is known about the economic feasibility of applying these technologies at the scale of small craft breweries. In addition, compounds in hops (Humulus lupulus), which are commonly added to craft beer to provide a bitter or “hoppy” flavor, have been shown to adversely affect anaerobic microbes in ruminant studies. In this study, biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) studies were used to investigate biomethane production from high-strength craft brewery waste, with and without hop addition. A spreadsheet tool was developed to evaluate the economic feasibility of bioenergy and CO2 recovery depending on the brewery’s location, production volume, waste management, CO2 requirement, energy costs, and hop waste addition. The results showed that co-digestion of yeast waste with 20% hops (based on chemical oxygen demand (COD)) resulted in slightly lower methane yields compared with mono-digestion of yeast; however, it did not significantly impact the economic feasibility of AD in craft breweries. The use of AD and CO2 recovery was found to be economically feasible if the brewery’s annual beer production is 〉 50,000 barrels/year.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090831
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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