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  • MDPI AG  (31)
  • Zhang, Lu  (31)
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  • MDPI AG  (31)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Antioxidant Supplement Function Exploration: Rescue of Intestinal Structure Injury by Mannan Oligosaccharides after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-04-20), p. 806-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-04-20), p. 806-
    Abstract: Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are a type of functional oligosaccharide which have received increased attention because of their beneficial effects on fish intestinal health. However, intestinal structural integrity is a necessary prerequisite for intestinal health. This study focused on exploring the protective effects of dietary MOS supplementation on the grass carp’s (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal structural integrity (including tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction (AJ)) and its related signalling molecule mechanism. A total of 540 grass carp (215.85 ± 0.30 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of dietary MOS supplementation (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg) for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. We used ELISA, spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of dietary MOS supplementation on intestinal structural integrity and antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that dietary MOS supplementation protected the microvillus of the intestine; reduced serum diamine oxidase and d-lactate levels (p 〈 0.05); enhanced intestinal total antioxidant capacity (p 〈 0.01); up-regulated most intestinal TJ and AJ mRNA levels; and decreased GTP-RhoA protein levels (p 〈 0.01). In addition, we also found several interesting results suggesting that MOS supplementation has no effects on ZO-2 and Claudin-15b. Overall, these findings suggested that dietary MOS supplementation could protect intestinal ultrastructure, reduce intestinal mucosal permeability and maintain intestinal structural integrity via inhibiting MLCK and RhoA/ROCK signalling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050806
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gene Cloning, Expression and Activity Analysis of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase from Two Strains of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) under Heat Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Molecules Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2012-04-16), p. 4522-4532
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2012-04-16), p. 4522-4532
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044522
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationships between Mass Level of Allergenic Platanus acerifolia Protein 3 (Pla a3) and Redox Trace Elements in the Size-Resolved Particles in Shanghai Atmosphere
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1541-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1541-
    Abstract: Allergenic pollen protein can be released from pollen grains and suspended in the air to cause allergenic reactions. However, the allergenic protein and its relationship with redox trace elements in ambient size-resolved particles has not been reported. Ambient size-resolved particles in Shanghai’s atmosphere were sampled during the Platanus pollen season in the spring season of 2017. Planatus pollen protein 3 (Pla a3) and redox trace elements in the ambient particles were investigated and their relationship was analyzed. Our data demonstrated that the mass level of the Pla a3 in the size-resolved particles ranged from 0.41 ± 0.28 to 7.46 ± 2.23 pg/m3, and decreased with the size range. Mass concentrations (ppb) of crustal elements (Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na) in the size-resolved particles ranged from 20.11 ± 9.87 to 1126.22 ± 659.51, while trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb) varied from 0.05 ± 0.03 to 57.53 ± 19.7. Mass levels of these trace elements decreased according to particle size. The Abundance of redox trace elements, including Fe (R2 = 0.82), Mn (R2 = 0.54), Cu (R2 = 0.61), Ba (R2 = 0.82), and Pb (R2 = 0.82) in the size-resolved particles was significantly related to that of Pla a3, and our data implied redox trace elements might take syngenetic effects on the allergenicity induced by Pla a3 protein.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13101541
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The E484K Substitution in a SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Subunit Vaccine Resulted in Limited Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-04-21), p. 854-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-04-21), p. 854-
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially emerging variants, poses an increased threat to global public health. The significant reduction in neutralization activity against the variants such as B.1.351 in the serum of convalescent patients and vaccinated people calls for the design of new potent vaccines targeting the emerging variant. However, since most vaccines approved and in clinical trials are based on the sequence of the original SARS-CoV-2 strain, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines based on the B.1.351 variant remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity, induced neutralization activity, and protective efficacy of wild-type spike protein nanoparticle (S-2P) and mutant spike protein nanoparticle (S-4M-2P) carrying characteristic mutations of B.1.351 variant in mice. Although there was no significant difference in the induction of spike-specific IgG responses in S-2P- and S-4M-2P-immunized mice, neutralizing antibodies elicited by S-4M-2P exhibited noteworthy, narrower breadth of reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with neutralizing antibodies elicited by S-2P. Furthermore, the decrease of induced neutralizing antibody breadth at least partly resulted from the amino acid substitution at position 484. Moreover, S-4M-2P vaccination conferred insufficient protection against live SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, while S-2P vaccination gave definite protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice. Together, our study provides direct evidence that the E484K substitution in a SARS-CoV-2 subunit protein vaccine limited the cross-reactive neutralizing antibody breadth in mice and, more importantly, draws attention to the unfavorable impact of this mutation in spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the induction of potent neutralizing antibody responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14050854
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Melatonin Promotes the In Vitro Development of Microinjected Pronuclear Mouse Embryos via Its Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Effects
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2017-05-05), p. 988-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2017-05-05), p. 988-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050988
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Pilot Study to Validate a Standardized One-Week Salt Estimation Method Evaluating Salt Intake and Its Sources for Family Members in China
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2015-01-22), p. 751-763
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2015-01-22), p. 751-763
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu7020751
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying the Ecological Effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation Relocation in Karst Areas
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-23), p. 5920-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-23), p. 5920-
    Abstract: During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2015–2020), the Poverty alleviation relocation (PAR), led by the Chinese government in the karst regions of southwest China, aimed to cope with poverty and ameliorate the ecological environment. Nevertheless, few research results have involved quantitative assessment of the ecological effectiveness of PAR. Moreover, few studies on the ecological effects of migration relocation have distinguished the effects of relocation on climatic factors and other ecological restoration projects concerning the ecological environment. It remains unclear to what extent PAR affects the regional ecological environment. In order to quantitatively assess the extent of PAR’s ecological restoration contribution, we adopted the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) model, which integrates the four more intuitive and critical influencing factors of greenness, moisture, dryness, and heat. On the Google earth engine (GEE) platform, utilizing its powerful remote sensing data storage capacity and computational capability, we quantitatively assessed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of ecological environmental quality (EEQ). As revealed by our research findings, overall EEQ showed a fluctuating upward trend over the period 1996–2021 in the study area, exhibiting an improvement of 22.66%. Mann–Kendall mutation test curves showed the most significant improvement occurred after 2015, with an improvement of 8.06%. Based on the residual analysis model, in order to remove the influence of climatic factors and other anthropogenic activities, and to assess the driving effectiveness of PAR, PAR was remarkedly effective in ameliorating EEQ, causing the RSEI to improve by 0.0221–0.0422. The LISA correlation model further analyzed that 44.91% of regional PAR implementation exerted a remarkable influence on RSEI change, of which 54.59% belonged to positive correlation. Aside from that, we also found that not all areas involved in PAR experienced ameliorated RSEI. In the western region, where the human–land conflict is prominent and the ecology is more fragile, PAR exhibited a significant effect in ameliorating EEQ, but in the eastern region, where the EEQ foundation is better, PAR did not show significant effect, and, thus, the ecological restoration effect of PAR exhibited noticeable geographical suitability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14235920
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Mixing Feldspathic Sandstone and Sand on Soil Microbial Biomass and Extracellular Enzyme Activities—A Case Study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 19 ( 2019-09-20), p. 3963-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 19 ( 2019-09-20), p. 3963-
    Abstract: Microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity, and their stoichiometry in soil play an important role in ecosystem dynamics and functioning. To better understand the improvement of sand soil quality and the limitation of soil nutrients after adding feldspathic sandstone, we investigated changes in soil microbial activity after 10 months of mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand, and compared the dynamics with soil properties. We used fumigation extraction to determine soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), and microplate fluorometric techniques to measure soil β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-xylosidase (BX), β-D-cellobiohydrolase (CBH), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and Alkaline phosphatase (AKP). We also measured soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and soil water content (SWC). Our results showed that the soil microbial biomass C, N, P, and individual extracellular enzyme activities significantly increased in mixed soil. Similarly, the soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P, N:P, MBC:SOC, and BG:NAG significantly increased by 54.3%, 106.3%, 33.1%, 23.0%, and 65.4%, respectively. However, BG:AKP and NAG:AKP decreased by 19.0% and 50.3%, respectively. Additionally, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that SWC, SOC, porosity and field capacity were significantly associated with soil microbial biomass indices (i.e., C, N, P, C:N, C:P, N:P in microbial biomass, and MBC:SOC) and extracellular enzyme activity metrics (i.e., individual enzyme activity, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and vector characteristics of enzyme activity), while pH, EC, and SIC had no correlation with these indices and metrics. These results indicated that mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand is highly susceptible to changes in soil microbial activity, and the soil N limitation decreased while P became more limited. In summary, our research showed that adding feldspathic sandstone into sand can significantly improve soil quality and provide a theoretical basis for the development of desertified land resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9193963
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Ecological Environment Quality in Karst Ecologically Fragile Areas Driven by Poverty Alleviation Resettlement
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-07-26), p. 1150-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-07-26), p. 1150-
    Abstract: Many scholars are skeptical about the poverty reduction effect and the ecological effect of poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR). This study evaluates the spatial and temporal evolution of the ecological environment quality (EEQ) to analyze the effectiveness of ecological restoration from PAR. Based on cloud computing using the Google Earth Engine platform, remote-sensing data were obtained and reconstructed from 2000 to 2020. The remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI) was used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of EEQ. The results show that the RSEI of the study area increased by 13.07% after the implementation of PAR, and the rate of increase was higher than that in the period before PAR; the Pu’an and Qinglong areas improved most obviously, in terms of the fragile ecological environment and the prominent contradiction between peasants and land. The residual trends method indicated that the contribution rate of improvement in RSEI due to PAR was 70.56%, 88.38%, and 82.96% in 2017, 2018, and 2020, respectively. An increase in RSEI was more obvious in the area with a greater relocated population and a higher corresponding coupling coordination level. PAR has a promoting effect on EEQ improvement but does not have ecological restoration benefits in every region. It is not satisfactory in terms of the degeneration of the LST indicator and the ecological impact of human wells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11081150
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved ADRC for a Maglev Planar Motor with a Concentric Winding Structure
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 6, No. 12 ( 2016-12-10), p. 419-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 12 ( 2016-12-10), p. 419-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app6120419
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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