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  • Zhang, Lianmin  (3)
  • Economics  (3)
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  • Economics  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Transactions in Operational Research
    In: International Transactions in Operational Research, Wiley
    Abstract: Group‐buying price mechanism is useful for online sales since the 1990s, yet it has not been widely applied in the business‐to‐business (B2B) environment. In this study, we consider a B2B supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers. With our analytical model, we compare the supplier's profit under the flat price mechanism, individual quantity discount mechanism, and group‐buying price mechanism. The results show that when retailers are homogeneous, the individual quantity discount mechanism is the best choice for the supplier. In situations with heterogeneous retailers (i.e., a large retailer and multiple small retailers), the group‐buying price mechanism is the best choice when there is a moderate difference in market scale between retailers. However, the condition is quite strict. These findings also hold with a step‐wise price menu set by the supplier. Our conclusions explain why the group‐buying price mechanism is not widely used in the B2B environment and provide some advice for the supplier on how to choose suitable pricing mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0969-6016 , 1475-3995
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019815-2
    SSG: 3,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Transactions in Operational Research Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 1769-1790
    In: International Transactions in Operational Research, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 1769-1790
    Abstract: As one of the most popular forms of social e‐commerce, group‐buying price (GBP) is a widely used pricing mechanism. One typical example is PinDuoDuo, which was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange in 2018. On the PinDuoDuo app, sellers generally encourage informed buyers to share information about products with uninformed buyers to increase sales volume. However, a growing number of sellers have begun using new methods (e.g., online live streaming) to share information with buyers themselves. In this article, we investigate optimal pricing decisions under various scenarios of product information‐sharing between sellers and buyers. We first investigate a scenario in which either the seller or the informed buyer alone shares information with the uninformed buyer. We then consider a scenario in which they share information together. Further, we extend our model to the situation that the unit cost of information‐sharing is nonlinear. We find that the seller will choose to share information herself when the cost of information‐sharing is small or the cost function is quadratic, whereas the seller will not always choose to act first when both the seller and the informed buyer share information. GBP strategy is preferred by the seller when the information gap between buyers is in a middle range. These results can help guide sellers in choosing efficient information‐sharing methods in social e‐commerce.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0969-6016 , 1475-3995
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019815-2
    SSG: 3,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  International Transactions in Operational Research
    In: International Transactions in Operational Research, Wiley
    Abstract: In this research, we investigate a supply chain consisting of a downstream firm who purchases a component from an upstream firm and then transforms it into a final product. The downstream firm has a production capacity constraint and considers to raise capital from an investor through equity financing. The raised capital not only enables the downstream firm to expand the capacity but also allows the investor to hold equity shares in the downstream firm. We derive the optimal pricing and production decisions of the two firms and discuss the optimal equity financing strategy of the downstream firm. We consider two distinct models: the external equity financing model, where the capital is raised from an outside institution, and the internal equity financing model, where the capital is raised from the upstream firm. We show that because the cooperative relationship between the two firms can be improved in the internal equity financing model, the production quantity in this model may be even higher than that in a benchmark model with no capacity constraint and no equity holding by the investor in the downstream firm. In addition, the original shareholder of the downstream firm gets more benefit from the internal equity financing activity than from the external equity financing activity. We also analyze the impacts of the key model parameters on the equity financing strategy and find that the dependence of the financing strategy on the initial asset of the downstream firm is quite different in the two models. Moreover, when the production cost of the downstream firm is changed, less capital raised for expanding capacity may create more value for the original shareholder of the downstream firm in each model. Finally, we show that the key finding remains unchanged when deterministic demand is changed to stochastic demand.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0969-6016 , 1475-3995
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019815-2
    SSG: 3,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
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