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  • MDPI AG  (357)
  • Zhang, Jing  (357)
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  • MDPI AG  (357)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chronic Breathlessness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Use of Lymphocyte Parameters to Identify Overlap Syndrome among Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-01-25), p. 936-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-01-25), p. 936-
    Abstract: Little is known about the distribution of etiology in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) combined with chronic breathlessness. A significant portion of patients in this group have so-called “overlap syndrome (OVS)”, characterized by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OVS has more complications and a poorer prognosis compared to patients with either OSA or COPD alone, which makes it important to identify OVS early in OSA. The current study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of consecutive adult patients who were diagnosed with OSA (n = 1062), of whom 275 were hospitalized due to chronic breathlessness. Respiratory and cardiac diseases accounted for the vast majority of causes, followed by gastrointestinal and renal disorders. The final study population comprised 115 patients with OSA alone (n = 64) and OVS (n = 51), who had chronic breathlessness as the primary complaint, not secondary as one of many other complaints. Lymphocytes, CD4 counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and PLR were differently expressed between the OSA-alone group and OVS group. The NLR, lymphocytes, and CD4 counts had a moderate diagnostic value for OVS in OSA patients, with AUCs of 0.708 (95% CI, 0.614–0.802), 0.719 (95% CI, 0.624–0.813), and 0.744 (95% CI, 0.653–0.834), respectively. The NLR had the highest AUC for predicting a 6-month re-admission of OVS, with a cut-off of 3.567 and a moderate prognostic value. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.8 and 0.732, respectively. In the animal model, the spleen hematoxylin- and eosin-stained, electron microscopy images showed germinal-center damage, chromatin activation, and mitochondrial swelling under the overlapping effect of intermittent hypoxia and cigarette smoke exposure. OSA with chronic breathlessness cannot be overstated. A significant proportion of patients with COPD in this group had poor lung function at initial diagnosis. The NLR is a useful biomarker to differentiate OVS among OSA patients combined with chronic breathlessness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030936
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    The Effect of Twin Grain Boundary Tuned by Temperature on the Electrical Transport Properties of Monolayer MoS2
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Crystals Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2016-09-14), p. 115-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2016-09-14), p. 115-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst6090115
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 3
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    Chemokine Receptors CCR6 and PD1 Blocking scFv E27 Enhances Anti-EGFR CAR-T Therapeutic Efficacy in a Preclinical Model of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-12), p. 5424-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-12), p. 5424-
    Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, a therapeutic agent for solid tumors, are not completely effective due to a lack of infiltration of T cells into the tumor site and immunity caused by Programmed Death Receptor 1(PD1). Here, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) CAR-T cell was engineered to express the chemokine receptor CCR6 and secrete PD1 blocking Single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) E27 to enhance their anti-tumor effects. The findings showed that CCR6 enhanced the migration of EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells in vitro by the Transwell migration assay. When incubated with tumor cells, EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells specifically exerted potent cytotoxicity and produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). A non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line-derived xenograft model was constructed by implanting modified A549 cell lines into immunodeficient NOD.PrkdcscidIl2rgem1/Smoc (NSG) mice. In comparison with traditional EGFR CAR-T cells, live imaging indicated that EGFR CAR-E27-CCR6 T cells displayed superior anti-tumor function. In addition, the histopathological examination of mouse organs showed no obvious organic damage. Our findings confirmed that PD1 blocking and CCR6 can enhance the anti-tumor function of EGFR CAR-T cells in an NSCLC xenograft model, providing an effective treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of CAR-T in NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065424
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Analysis of In Vivo Existence Forms of Nardosinone in Mice by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 7267-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 7267-
    Abstract: Nardosinone, a sesquiterpene peroxide, is one of the main active constituents of the ethnomedicine Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, and it has many bioactivities, such as antiarrhythmia and cardioprotection. To elucidate its in vivo existence forms, its metabolism is first studied using mice. All urine and feces are collected during the six days of oral dosing of nardosinone, and blood is collected at one hour after the last dose. Besides, to validate some metabolites, a fast experiment is performed, in which nardosinone was orally administered and the subsequent one-hour urine is collected and immediately analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In total, 76 new metabolites are identified in this study, including 39, 51, and 12 metabolites in urine, plasma, and feces, respectively. Nardosinone can be converted into nardosinone acid or its isomers. The metabolic reactions of nardosinone included hydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydration, glucuronidation, sulfation, demethylation, and carboxylation. There are 56 and 20 metabolites with the structural skeleton of nardosinone and nardosinone acid, respectively. In total, 77 in vivo existence forms of nardosinone are found in mice. Nardosinone is mainly excreted in urine and is not detected in the feces. These findings will lay the foundation for further research of the in vivo effective forms of nardosinone and Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217267
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Transformation System and Locus Identification Pipeline for T-DNA in Chrysanthemum seticuspe, A Model Species for Hexaploid Cultivated Chrysanthemum
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-28), p. 11426-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-28), p. 11426-
    Abstract: Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular flowers worldwide and has high aesthetic and commercial value. However, the cultivated varieties of chrysanthemum are hexaploid and highly heterozygous, which makes gene editing and gene function research difficult. Gojo-0 is a diploid homozygous line bred from a self-compatible mutant of Chrysanthemum seticuspe and is expected to become a model plant of the genus Chrysanthemum. After assessment of different growth regulator combinations, the optimal concentrations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) in the regeneration system were 1.0 mg·L−1 and 0.2 mg·L−1, respectively. In the genetic transformation system, the selected concentrations of kanamycin, hygromycin and glufosinate-ammonium were 10 mg·L−1, 2.5 mg·L−1 and 0.6 mg·L−1 for bud generation and 12 mg L−1, 1.5 mg·L−1 and 0.5 mg·L−1 for rooting. The transgenic plants were verified by not only PCR detection and GUS staining, but also identification of the T-DNA insertion locus using high-throughput sequencing. Our results lay the foundation for gene functional research on chrysanthemum and will help with the identification of transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911426
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester)s (HPAEs) Structure Optimisation for Enhanced Gene Delivery: Non-Ideal Termination Elimination
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-11-04), p. 3892-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-11-04), p. 3892-
    Abstract: Many polymeric gene delivery nano-vectors with hyperbranched structures have been demonstrated to be superior to their linear counterparts. The higher delivery efficacy is commonly attributed to the abundant terminal groups of branched polymers, which play critical roles in cargo entrapment, material-cell interaction, and endosome escape. Hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester)s (HPAEs) have developed as a class of safe and efficient gene delivery vectors. Although numerous research has been conducted to optimise the HPAE structure for gene delivery, the effect of the secondary amine residue on its backbone monomer, which is considered the non-ideal termination, has never been optimised. In this work, the effect of the non-ideal termination was carefully evaluated. Moreover, a series of HPAEs with only ideal terminations were synthesised by adjusting the backbone synthesis strategy to further explore the merits of hyperbranched structures. The HPAE obtained from modified synthesis methods exhibited more than twice the amounts of the ideal terminal groups compared to the conventional ones, determined by NMR. Their transfection performance enhanced significantly, where the optimal HPAE candidates developed in this study outperformed leading commercial benchmarks for DNA delivery, including Lipofectamine 3000, jetPEI, and jetOPTIMUS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12213892
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigate on the Mechanism of HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 Interface Passivation Based on Low-Temperature Ozone Oxidation and Si-Cap Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-09), p. 955-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-09), p. 955-
    Abstract: The interface passivation of the HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 stack is systematically investigated based on low-temperature ozone oxidation and Si-cap methods. Compared with the Al2O3/Si0.7Ge0.3 stack, the dispersive feature and interface state density (Dit) of the HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 stack MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) capacitor under ozone direct oxidation (pre-O sample) increases obviously. This is because the tiny amounts of GeOx in the formed interlayer (IL) oxide layer are more likely to diffuse into HfO2 and cause the HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 interface to deteriorate. Moreover, a post-HfO2-deposition (post-O) ozone indirect oxidation is proposed for the HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 stack; it is found that compared with pre-O sample, the Dit of the post-O sample decreases by about 50% due to less GeOx available in the IL layer. This is because the amount of oxygen atoms reaching the interface of HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 decreases and the thickness of IL in the post-O sample also decreases. To further reduce the Dit of the HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 interface, a Si-cap passivation with the optimal thickness of 1 nm is developed and an excellent HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 interface with Dit of 1.53 × 1011 eV−1cm−2 @ E−Ev = 0.36 eV is attained. After detailed analysis of the chemical structure of the HfO2/IL/Si-cap/Si0.7Ge0.3 using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it is confirmed that the excellent HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 interface is realized by preventing the formation of Hf-silicate/Hf-germanate and Si oxide originating from the reaction between HfO2 and Si0.7Ge0.3 substrate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11040955
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Autotetraploid Origin of Chinese Cherry Revealed by Chromosomal Karyotype and In Situ Hybridization of Seedling Progenies
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2023-08-30), p. 3116-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2023-08-30), p. 3116-
    Abstract: Polyploidy is considered a driving force in plant evolution and diversification. Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don], an economically important fruit crop native to China, has evolved at the tetraploid level, with a few pentaploid and hexaploid populations. However, its auto- or allo-polyploid origin remains unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed the ploidy levels and rDNA chromosomal distribution in self- and open-pollinated seedling progenies of tetraploid and hexaploid Chinese cherry. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis was conducted to reveal the genomic relationships between Chinese cherry and diploid relatives from the genus Cerasus. Both self- and open-pollinated progenies of tetraploid Chinese cherry exhibited tetraploids, pentaploids, and hexaploids, with tetraploids being the most predominant. In the seedling progenies of hexaploid Chinese cherry, the majority of hexaploids and a few pentaploids were observed. A small number of aneuploids were also observed in the seedling progenies. Chromosome 1, characterized by distinct length characteristics, could be considered the representative chromosome of Chinese cherry. The basic Chinese cherry genome carried two 5S rDNA signals with similar intensity, and polyploids had the expected multiples of this copy number. The 5S rDNA sites were located at the per-centromeric regions of the short arm on chromosomes 4 and 5. Three 45S rDNA sites were detected on chr. 3, 4 and 7 in the haploid complement of Chinese cherry. Tetraploids exhibited 12 signals, while pentaploids and hexaploids showed fewer numbers than expected multiples. Based on the GISH signals, Chinese cherry demonstrated relatively close relationships with C. campanulata and C. conradinae, while being distantly related to another fruiting cherry, C. avium. In combination with the above results, our findings suggested that Chinese cherry likely originated from autotetraploidy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12173116
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 9
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    Accurate Chromosome Identification in the Prunus Subgenus Cerasus (Prunus pseudocerasus) and its Relatives by Oligo-FISH
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-30), p. 13213-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-30), p. 13213-
    Abstract: A precise, rapid and straightforward approach to chromosome identification is fundamental for cytogenetics studies. However, the identification of individual chromosomes was not previously possible for Chinese cherry or other Prunus species due to the small size and similar morphology of their chromosomes. To address this issue, we designed a pool of oligonucleotides distributed across specific pseudochromosome regions of Chinese cherry. This oligonucleotide pool was amplified through multiplex PCR with specific internal primers to produce probes that could recognize specific chromosomes. External primers modified with red and green fluorescence tags could produce unique signal barcoding patterns to identify each chromosome concomitantly. The same oligonucleotide pool could also discriminate all chromosomes in other Prunus species. Additionally, the 5S/45S rDNA probes and the oligo pool were applied in two sequential rounds of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) localized to chromosomes and showed different distribution patterns among Prunus species. At the same time, comparative karyotype analysis revealed high conservation among P. pseudocerasus, P. avium, and P. persica. Together, these findings establish this oligonucleotide pool as the most effective tool for chromosome identification and the analysis of genome organization and evolution in the genus Prunus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113213
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Interannual Evolution Characteristics of the Carbon and Nitrogen Footprints of Maize Production in Inner Mongolia
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2024-06-12), p. 1273-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2024-06-12), p. 1273-
    Abstract: As the third-largest maize-producing province in China and a typical arid and semi-arid region, quantitatively evaluating the carbon and nitrogen footprints of maize production and their dominant factors is of great significance in guiding the high-yield, low-carbon, and sustainable development of maize production in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. This study quantitatively evaluated the interannual evolution characteristics of the carbon and nitrogen footprints in maize production and their dominant factors in Inner Mongolia from 2003 to 2022 based on statistical yearbook data and emission parameter models. The results showed that from 2003 to 2022, the maize planting area, yield, and total yield in Inner Mongolia all increased, with an average annual increase of 97 kg ha−1 in yield and 1.23 × 106 Mg in total yield. The carbon and nitrogen footprints of Inner Mongolia maize production over the past 20 years had overall decreasing trends, while the nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity, net ecosystem carbon balance, and sustainability index had increasing trends. Carbon footprint reduced by an average of 5.2 kg CO2 eq Mg−1 per year, and nitrogen footprint reduced by an average of 0.21 g N eq kg−1 per year. Currently, the transportation and production of fertilizer and field application of N fertilizer are the main controlling factors of GHG emissions from maize production. NO3−-N, NH4+-N leaching, and NH3 volatilization from field application of N fertilizer are the main sources of reactive N losses. The application of simplified processes, such as phased regulation of nitrogen and controlled-release fertilizers, as well as conservation tillage, have broad prospects for emission reduction in maize production in Inner Mongolia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy14061273
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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