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  • American Meteorological Society  (13)
  • Yoshimura, Kei  (13)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional Spectral Model Workshop in Memory of John Roads and Masao Kanamitsu
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 95, No. 3 ( 2014-03-01), p. ES61-ES65
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 95, No. 3 ( 2014-03-01), p. ES61-ES65
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0477 , 0003-0007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-13-00124.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 2
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    Chronological Development of Terrestrial Mean Precipitation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 98, No. 11 ( 2017-11-01), p. 2411-2428
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, No. 11 ( 2017-11-01), p. 2411-2428
    Abstract: Over 150 years of investigations into global terrestrial precipitation are revisited to reveal how researchers estimated annual means from in situ observations before the age of digitization. After introducing early regional efforts to measure precipitation, the pioneering estimates of terrestrial mean precipitation from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are compared to successive estimates, including those using the latest gridded precipitation datasets available. The investigation reveals that the range of the early estimates is comparable to the interannual variation in terrestrial mean precipitation derived from the latest Climatic Research Unit (CRU) dataset. In-depth revisions of the estimates were infrequent up to the 1970s, due in part to difficulty obtaining and maintaining up-to-date datasets with global coverage. This point is illustrated in a “family tree” that identifies the key publications that subsequent authors referenced, sometimes decades after the original publication. Significant efforts to collate global observations facilitated new investigations and improved data exchange, for example, in the International Hydrological Decade (1965–74) and following the establishment of the Global Telecommunication System under the World Weather Watch Programme of the World Meteorological Organization. Also in the 1970s were the first attempts to adjust in situ observations on a global scale to account for gauge undercatch, and this had a noticeable impact on mean annual estimates. There remains no single satisfactory approach to gauge bias adjustment. Echoing the repeated message of past researchers, today’s authors cite poor spatial coverage, temporal inhomogeneity, and inadequate sharing of in situ observations as the key obstacles to obtaining more accurate estimates of terrestrial mean precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0005.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional Spectral Model Workshop in Memory of John Roads and Masao Kanamitsu
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ( 2013-11-18), p. 131118120357000-
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, ( 2013-11-18), p. 131118120357000-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00124.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 4
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    The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 16 ( 2013-08-15), p. 5879-5896
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 16 ( 2013-08-15), p. 5879-5896
    Abstract: Climate model simulations disagree on whether future precipitation will increase or decrease over California, which has impeded efforts to anticipate and adapt to human-induced climate change. This disagreement is explored in terms of daily precipitation frequency and intensity. It is found that divergent model projections of changes in the incidence of rare heavy ( & gt;60 mm day−1) daily precipitation events explain much of the model disagreement on annual time scales, yet represent only 0.3% of precipitating days and 9% of annual precipitation volume. Of the 25 downscaled model projections examined here, 21 agree that precipitation frequency will decrease by the 2060s, with a mean reduction of 6–14 days yr−1. This reduces California's mean annual precipitation by about 5.7%. Partly offsetting this, 16 of the 25 projections agree that daily precipitation intensity will increase, which accounts for a model average 5.3% increase in annual precipitation. Between these conflicting tendencies, 12 projections show drier annual conditions by the 2060s and 13 show wetter. These results are obtained from 16 global general circulation models downscaled with different combinations of dynamical methods [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), Regional Spectral Model (RSM), and version 3 of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM3)] and statistical methods [bias correction with spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and bias correction with constructed analogs (BCCA)] , although not all downscaling methods were applied to each global model. Model disagreements in the projected change in occurrence of the heaviest precipitation days ( & gt;60 mm day−1) account for the majority of disagreement in the projected change in annual precipitation, and occur preferentially over the Sierra Nevada and Northern California. When such events are excluded, nearly twice as many projections show drier future conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00766.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
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    CORRIGENDUM
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 20 ( 2015-10-15), p. 8283-8285
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 20 ( 2015-10-15), p. 8283-8285
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0570.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
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    Feasibility Study of the Reconstruction of Historical Weather with Data Assimilation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 145, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 3563-3580
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 145, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 3563-3580
    Abstract: There is a large amount of documented weather information all over the world, including Asia (e.g., old diaries, log books, etc.). The ultimate goal of this study is to reconstruct historical weather by deriving total cloud cover (TCC) from historically documented weather records and to assimilate them using a general circulation model and a data assimilation scheme. Two experiments are performed using the Global Spectral Model and an ensemble Kalman filter: 1) a reanalysis data experiment and 2) a ground observation data experiment, for 18 synthesized observation stations in Japan according to the Historical Weather Data Base. By assuming that weather records can be converted into three TCC categories, the synthetic observation data of daily TCC are created from reanalysis data, with a large observation error of 30%, and by classifying ground observation data into the three categories. Compared with the simulation without assimilation of any observation, the results of the reanalysis data experiment show improvements, not only in TCC but also in other meteorological variables (e.g., humidity, precipitation, precipitable water, wind, and pressure). For specific humidity at 2 m above the surface, the monthly averaged root-mean-square error is reduced by 18%–22% downstream of the assimilated region. The results of the ground observation data experiment are not as successful as a result of additional error sources, indicating the bias needs to be handled correctly. By showing improvements with the loosely classified cloud information, the feasibility of the developed model to be applied for historical weather reconstruction is confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0288.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 7
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    Incremental Correction for the Dynamical Downscaling of Ensemble Mean Atmospheric Fields
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 141, No. 9 ( 2013-09-01), p. 3087-3101
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 141, No. 9 ( 2013-09-01), p. 3087-3101
    Abstract: This research was motivated by the need for an improved method compared to the conventional brute-force approach to ensemble downscaling. That method simply applies dynamical downscaling to each ensemble member. It obtains a reliable forecast by taking the ensemble average of all the downscaled ensemble members. This approach, although straightforward, has a problem in that the computational cost is too large for an operational environment. Herein a method for downscaling ensemble mean forecasts is proposed. Although this method does not provide probabilistic forecasts, it will provide the regional-scale detail at minimum cost. In this product, all of the predicted parameters are dynamically and physically consistent (i.e., most likely to occur on a seasonal time scale). It is believed that such a product has great utility for regional climate forecast and application products. The method applies a correction to one of the global forecast members in such a way that the seasonal mean is equal to that of the ensemble mean, and it then downscales the corrected global forecast. This method was tested for a 140-yr period by using the Twentieth-Century Reanalysis dataset, which is a product of ensemble Kalman filtering data assimilation. Use of the method clearly improves the downscaling skill compared to the case of using only a single member; the skill becomes equivalent to that achieved when between two and six members are used directly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00271.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
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    The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Regional Spectral Model Simulations over West Africa: Sensitivities to Resolution and Cumulus Schemes
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Weather and Forecasting Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2015-04-01), p. 424-445
    Details
    In: Weather and Forecasting, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2015-04-01), p. 424-445
    Abstract: As a basic form of climate patterns, the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) can provide a key test bed for model reliability and development. In this study, the DCP over West Africa was simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) during the monsoon season (April–September) of 2005. Three convective parameterization schemes (CPSs), single-layer simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS), multilayer relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS), and new Kain–Fritsch (KF2), were evaluated at two horizontal resolutions (20 and 10 km). The Benin mesoscale site was singled out for additional investigation of resolution effects. Harmonic analysis was used to characterize the phase and amplitude of the DCP. Compared to satellite observations, the overall spatial distributions of amplitude were well captured at regional scales. The RSM properly reproduced the observed late afternoon peak over land and the early morning peak over ocean. Nevertheless, the peak time was early. Sensitivity experiments of CPSs showed similar spatial patterns of rainfall totals among the schemes; CPSs mainly affected the amplitude of the diurnal cycle, while the phase was not significantly shifted. There is no clear optimal pairing of resolution and CPS. However, it is found that the sensitivity of DCP to CPSs and resolution varies with the partitioning between convective and stratiform, which implies that appropriate partitioning needs to be considered for future development of CPSs in global or regional climate models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0882-8156 , 1520-0434
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00013.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025194-4
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  • 9
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    Spatial Variation in Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Drake Passage
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2012-03), p. 1470-1488
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2012-03), p. 1470-1488
    Abstract: High-resolution underway shipboard atmospheric and oceanic observations collected in Drake Passage from 2000 to 2009 are used to examine the spatial scales of turbulent heat fluxes and flux-related state variables. The magnitude of the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) south of the Polar Front is found to be twice that north of the front, but the seasonal cycles of the turbulent heat fluxes show no differences on either side of the Polar Front. Frequency spectra of the turbulent heat fluxes and related variables are red, with no identifiable spectral peaks. SST and air temperature are coherent over a range of frequencies corresponding to periods between ~10 h and 2 days, with SST leading air temperature. The spatial decorrelation length scales of the sensible and latent heat fluxes calculated from two-day transects are 65 ± 6 km and 80 ± 6 km, respectively. The scale of the sensible heat flux is consistent with the decorrelation scale for air–sea temperature differences (70 ± 6 km) rather than either SST (153 ± 2 km) or air temperature (138 ± 4 km) alone. These scales are dominated by the Polar Front. When the Polar Front region is excluded, the decorrelation scales are 10–20 km, consistent with the first baroclinic Rossby radius. These eddy scales are often unrepresented in the available gridded heat flux products. The Drake Passage ship measurements are compared with four recently available gridded turbulent heat flux products: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts high-resolution operational product in support of the Year of Coordinated Observing Modeling and Forcasting Tropical Convection (ECMWF-YOTC), ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), the Drake Passage reanalysis downscaling (DPRD10) regional product, and the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux). The decorrelation length scales of the air–sea temperature difference, wind speed, and turbulent heat fluxes from these four products are significantly larger than those determined from shipboard measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2011JCLI4071.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
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    Impact of Arctic Wetlands on the Climate System: Model Sensitivity Simulations with the MIROC5 AGCM and a Snow-Fed Wetland Scheme
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2017-11-01), p. 2923-2936
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2017-11-01), p. 2923-2936
    Abstract: Wetlands cover large areas of the middle and high latitudes and influence the surface water and energy budget, surface hydrology, and the climate system. In this study, a scheme implicitly representing a snow-fed wetland, in which snowmelt can be stored with consideration of subgrid terrain complexity, was implemented in the Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO) land surface model. An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiment was conducted using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, version 5 (MIROC5), with and without the wetland scheme, with the main aim of reducing the model bias of warm and dry boreal summer at mid- to high latitudes. The experiment showed not only a better surface hydrology but also a weaker land–atmosphere coupling strength and larger (smaller) latent (sensible) heat flux due to the delayed snowmelt runoff. The summer warm and dry bias was partially improved over snowy and flat areas, particularly over much of western Eurasia and North America, without an apparent deterioration of simulated surface hydrology and climate over the rest of the land in the other seasons; the mean absolute error of 2-m air temperature and precipitation over land at 45°–90°N in summer decreased by 19% and 4%, respectively. The next step of model development will involve implementing an explicit representation of subgrid-scale surface water and related processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0105.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042176-X
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