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  • 1
    In: The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 833, No. 2 ( 2016-12-20), p. 207-
    Abstract: We revisit the filamentary structures of galaxies around the Virgo cluster, exploiting a larger data set, based on the HyperLeda database, than previous studies. In particular, this includes a large number of low-luminosity galaxies, resulting in better sampled individual structures. We confirm seven known structures in the distance range 4  h −1 Mpc  〈  SGY  〈 16  h −1 Mpc, now identified as filaments, where SGY is the axis of the supergalactic coordinate system roughly along the line of sight. The Hubble diagram of the filament galaxies suggests they are infalling toward the main body of the Virgo cluster. We propose that the collinear distribution of giant elliptical galaxies along the fundamental axis of the Virgo cluster is smoothly connected to two of these filaments (Leo II A and B). Behind the Virgo cluster (16  h −1 Mpc  〈 SGY  〈 27  h −1 Mpc), we also identify a new filament elongated toward the NGC 5353/4 group (“NGC 5353/4 filament”) and confirm a sheet that includes galaxies from the W and M clouds of the Virgo cluster (“W–M sheet”). In the Hubble diagram, the NGC 5353/4 filament galaxies show infall toward the NGC 5353/4 group, whereas the W–M sheet galaxies do not show hints of gravitational influence from the Virgo cluster. The filamentary structures identified can now be used to better understand the generic role of filaments in the build-up of galaxy clusters at z  ≈ 0.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-637X , 1538-4357
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473835-1
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 257, No. 2 ( 2021-12-01), p. 21-
    Abstract: We present the Virgo Environment Traced in CO (VERTICO) survey, a new effort to map 12 CO (2–1), 13 CO (2–1), and C 18 O (2–1) in 51 Virgo Cluster galaxies with the Atacama Compact Array, part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The primary motivation of VERTICO is to understand the physical mechanisms that perturb molecular gas disks, and therefore star formation and galaxy evolution, in dense environments. This first paper contains an overview of VERTICO's design and sample selection, 12 CO (2–1) observations, and data reduction procedures. We characterize global 12 CO (2–1) fluxes and molecular gas masses for the 49 detected VERTICO galaxies, provide upper limits for the two nondetections, and produce resolved 12 CO (2–1) data products (median resolution = 8″ ≈ 640 pc). Azimuthally averaged 12 CO (2–1) radial intensity profiles are presented along with derived molecular gas radii. We demonstrate the scientific power of VERTICO by comparing the molecular gas size–mass scaling relation for our galaxies with a control sample of field galaxies, highlighting the strong effect that radius definition has on this correlation. We discuss the drivers of the form and scatter in the size–mass relation and highlight areas for future work. VERTICO is an ideal resource for studying the fate of molecular gas in cluster galaxies and the physics of environment-driven processes that perturb the star formation cycle. Upon public release, the survey will provide a homogeneous legacy data set for studying galaxy evolution in our closest cluster.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-0049 , 1538-4365
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006860-8
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 675 ( 2023-07), p. A78-
    Abstract: We analyse cold-gas distributions in Virgo cluster galaxies using resolved observations of CO(2-1), which traces molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), and H  I from the Virgo Environment Traced In CO (VERTICO) and VLA Imaging of Virgo in Atomic Gas (VIVA) surveys. From a theoretical perspective, it is expected that environmental processes in clusters will have a stronger influence on diffuse atomic gas compared to the relatively dense molecular gas component, and that these environmental perturbations can compress the cold interstellar medium in cluster galaxies, leading to elevated star formation. In this work we observationally test these predictions for star-forming satellite galaxies within the Virgo cluster. We divided our Virgo galaxy sample into H  I -normal, H  I -tailed, and H  I -truncated classes and show, unsurprisingly, that the H  I -tailed galaxies have the largest quantitative H  I asymmetries. We also compared Virgo galaxies to a control sample of non-cluster galaxies and find that the former, on average, have H  I asymmetries that are 40 ± 10% larger than the latter. There is less separation between control, H  I -normal, H  I -tailed, and H  I -truncated galaxies in terms of H 2 asymmetries, and on average, Virgo galaxies have H 2 asymmetries that are only marginally (20 ± 10%) larger than the control sample. We find a weak correlation between H  I and H 2 asymmetries over our entire sample, but a stronger correlation for the galaxies that are strongly impacted by environmental perturbations. Finally, we divided the discs of the H  I -tailed Virgo galaxies into a leading half and trailing half according to the observed tail direction. We find evidence for excess molecular gas mass on the leading halves of the disc. This excess molecular gas is accompanied by an excess in the star formation rate such that the depletion time is, on average, unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    In: The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 924, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 18-
    Abstract: We report a discovery of a double radio relic in the cluster merger ZwCl1447.2+2619 ( z = 0.376) with uGMRT observations at 420 MHz and 700 MHz. The linear sizes of the northern and southern relics are ∼0.3 Mpc and ∼1.2 Mpc, respectively, which is consistent with the theoretical expectation that a larger relic is produced in the less massive subcluster side. However, ZwCl1447.2+2619 is unlike other known double radio relic systems, where the larger relics are much more luminous by several factors. In this merger, the higher surface brightness of the smaller northern relic makes its total radio luminosity comparable to that of the much larger southern relic. The surface brightness ratio ∼0.1 between the two radio relics differs significantly from the relation observed in other double radio relic systems. From our radio spectral analysis, we find that both relics signify similar weak shocks with Mach numbers of 2.9 ± 0.8 and 2.0 ± 0.7 for the northern and southern relics, respectively. Moreover, the northern relic is connected to a discrete radio source with an optical counterpart, which indicates the possible presence of cosmic-ray injection and reacceleration. Therefore, we propose that this atypical surface brightness ratio can be explained with the particle acceleration efficiency precipitously dropping in the weak shock regime and/or with reacceleration of fossil cosmic rays. Our multi-wavelength analysis and numerical simulation suggest that ZwCl1447.2+2619 is a postmerger, which has experienced a near head-on collision ∼0.7 Gyr ago.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-637X , 1538-4357
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2960-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473835-1
    SSG: 16,12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 461, No. 2 ( 2016-09-11), p. 1202-1221
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-8711 , 1365-2966
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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    SSG: 16,12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 459, No. 3 ( 2016-07-01), p. 3287-3306
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-8711 , 1365-2966
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207232-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016084-7
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Astronomical Society ; 2017
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Vol. 838, No. 2 ( 2017-04-01), p. 81-
    In: The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 838, No. 2 ( 2017-04-01), p. 81-
    Abstract: We investigate the orbital histories of Virgo galaxies at various stages of H i gas stripping. In particular, we compare the location of galaxies with different H i morphology in phase space. This method is a great tool for tracing the gas stripping histories of galaxies as they fall into the cluster. Most galaxies at the early stage of H i stripping are found in the first infall region of Virgo, while galaxies undergoing active H i stripping mostly appear to be falling in or moving out near the cluster core for the first time. Galaxies with severely stripped, yet symmetric, H i disks are found in one of two locations. Some are deep inside the cluster, but others are found in the cluster outskirts with low orbital velocities. We suggest that the latter group of galaxies belong to a “backsplash” population. These present the clearest candidates for backsplashed galaxies observationally identified to date. We further investigate the distribution of a large sample of H i -detected galaxies toward Virgo in phase space, confirming that most galaxies are stripped of their gas as they settle into the gravitational potential of the cluster. In addition, we discuss the impact of tidal interactions between galaxies and group preprocessing on the H i properties of the cluster galaxies, and link the associated star formation evolution to the stripping sequence of cluster galaxies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-637X , 1538-4357
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2960-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473835-1
    SSG: 16,12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 517, No. 2 ( 2022-10-20), p. 2912-2924
    In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 517, No. 2 ( 2022-10-20), p. 2912-2924
    Abstract: Ram pressure stripping (RPS) is known to be a key environmental effect that can remove interstellar gas from galaxies in a cluster. The RPS process is commonly described as a competition between the ram pressure by the intracluster medium and the anchoring pressure on the interstellar medium by the gravitational potential of a galaxy. However, the actual gas stripping process can be more complicated due to the complexity of gas physics such as compression and geometrical self-shielding as well as cooling and heating. In order to verify how well the observed signatures of the RPS process can be understood as simple momentum transfer, we compare the stripping radii of Virgo cluster galaxies in different stages of RPS measured from the H i observation with the predicted gas truncation radii for the given conditions. For the sample undergoing active RPS, we generally find good agreements between predictions and observations within a measurement uncertainty. On the other hand, galaxies likely in the early or later RPS stage and/or the ones with signs of environmental impacts other than RPS such as tidal interaction or starvation show some discrepancies. Our results imply that the conventional RPS relation works reasonably well in a broad sense when RPS is the most dominant process and the galaxy is located where the surrounding environment can be well defined. Otherwise, more careful inspections on the second mechanism and local environment are required to assess the impact of RPS on the target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-8711 , 1365-2966
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207232-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016084-7
    SSG: 16,12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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