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  • 1
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    Impacts of fish oil on the gut microbiota of rats with alcoholic liver damage
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Vol. 86 ( 2020-12), p. 108491-
    Details
    In: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 86 ( 2020-12), p. 108491-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0955-2863
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108491
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483155-7
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  • 2
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    Fish oil up-regulates hepatic autophagy in rats with chronic ethanol consumption
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Vol. 77 ( 2020-03), p. 108314-
    Details
    In: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 77 ( 2020-03), p. 108314-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0955-2863
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108314
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Synbiotics Alleviate Hepatic Damage, Intestinal Injury and Muscular Beclin-1 Elevation in Rats after Chronic Ethanol Administration
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2021-11-21), p. 12547-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2021-11-21), p. 12547-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of synbiotics on liver damage, intestinal health, and muscle loss, and their relevance in rats with chronic ethanol feeding. Thirty Wistar rats fed with a control liquid diet were divided into control and synbiotics groups, which were respectively provided with water or synbiotics solution (1.5 g/kg body weight/day) for 2 weeks. From the 3rd to 8th week, the control group was divided into a C group (control liquid diet + water) and an E group (ethanol liquid diet + water). The synbiotics group was separated in to three groups, SC, ASE, and PSE. The SC group was given a control liquid diet with synbiotics solution; the ASE group was given ethanol liquid diet with synbiotics solution, and the PSE group was given ethanol liquid diet and water. As the results, the E group exhibited liver damage, including increased AST and ALT activities, hepatic fatty changes, and higher CYP2E1 expression. Intestinal mRNA expressions of occludin and claudin-1 were significantly decreased and the plasma endotoxin level was significantly higher in the E group. In muscles, beclin-1 was significantly increased in the E group. Compared to the E group, the PSE and ASE groups had lower plasma ALT activities, hepatic fatty changes, and CYP2E1 expression. The PSE and ASE groups had significantly higher intestinal occludin and claudin-1 mRNA expressions and lower muscular beclin-1 expression when compared to the E group. In conclusion, synbiotics supplementation might reduce protein expression of muscle protein degradation biomarkers such as beclin-1 in rats with chronic ethanol feeding, which is speculated to be linked to the improvement of intestinal tight junction and the reduction of liver damage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212547
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 4
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    The Prophylactic Effects of Glutamine on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Rats with Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-08-14), p. 2788-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-08-14), p. 2788-
    Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the prophylactic effects of glutamine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury. For the first 2 weeks, Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed a control (n = 16) or glutamine-containing diet (n = 24). For the following 6 weeks, rats fed the control diet were further divided into two groups (n = 8 per group) according to whether their diet contained no ethanol (CC) or did contain ethanol (CE). Rats fed the glutamine-containing diet were also further divided into three groups (n = 8 per group), including a GG group (glutamine-containing diet without ethanol), GE group (control diet with ethanol), and GEG group (glutamine-containing diet with ethanol). After 6 weeks, results showed that hepatic fatty change, inflammation, altered liver function, and hyperammonemia had occurred in the CE group, but these were attenuated in the GE and GEG groups. Elevated intestinal permeability and a higher plasma endotoxin level were observed in the CE group, but both were lower in the GE and GEG groups. The level of a protein synthesis marker (p70S6K) was reduced in the CE group but was higher in both the GE and GEG groups. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation might elevate muscle protein synthesis by improving intestinal health and ameliorating liver damage in rats with chronic ethanol intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13082788
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
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    Protective Effects of Gnetin C from Melinjo Seed Extract against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD Mice Model
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-06), p. 3888-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-06), p. 3888-
    Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease, can progress to hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and advanced fibrosis, increasing the risk of cirrhosis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is beneficial in treating multiple metabolic diseases. Gnetin C, a resveratrol derivative obtained from Melinjo seed extract (MSE), shares similar health-promoting properties. We investigated the role of gnetin C in preventing NAFLD in a mouse model and compared it with resveratrol. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (10% calories from fat), a high-fat choline-deficient (HFCD) diet (46% calories from fat) and HFCD diet supplemented with gnetin C (150 mg/kg BW·day−1) or resveratrol (150 mg/kg BW·day−1) for 12 weeks. Gnetin C supplementation reduced body and liver weight, and improved blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. Both gnetin C- and resveratrol reduced hepatic steatosis, with gnetin C also decreasing liver lipid content. Gnetin C and resveratrol ameliorated HFCD diet-induced hepatic fibrosis. The mRNA expression results, and western blot analyses showed that gnetin C and, to some extent, resveratrol downregulated fibrosis markers in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, indicating a possible safeguarding mechanism against NAFLD. These results suggest that gnetin C supplementation may protect against lipid deposition and hepatic fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15183888
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2023-05-16), p. 8845-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2023-05-16), p. 8845-
    Abstract: This study investigated the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on muscle loss in rats with chronic ethanol feeding. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were fed either a control liquid diet without EGF (C group, n = 12) or EGF (EGF-C group, n = 18) for two weeks. From the 3rd to 8th week, the C group was divided into two groups. One was continually fed with a control liquid diet (C group), and the other one was fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet (E group); moreover, the EGF-C group was divided into three groups, such as the AEGF-C (continually fed with the same diet), PEGF-E (fed with the ethanol-containing liquid diet without EGF), and AEGF-E (fed with the ethanol-containing liquid diet with EGF). As a result, the E group had significantly higher plasma ALT and AST, endotoxin, ammonia, and interleukin 1b (IL-1b) levels, along with liver injuries, such as hepatic fatty changes and inflammatory cell infiltration. However, plasma endotoxin and IL-1b levels were significantly decreased in the PEGF-E and AEGF-E groups. In addition, the protein level of muscular myostatin and the mRNA levels of forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MURF-1) and atorgin-1 was increased considerably in the E group but inhibited in the PEGF-E and AEGF-E groups. According to the principal coordinate analysis findings, the gut microbiota composition differed between the control and ethanol liquid diet groups. In conclusion, although there was no noticeable improvement in muscle loss, EGF supplementation inhibited muscular protein degradation in rats fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for six weeks. The mechanisms might be related to endotoxin translocation inhibition, microbiota composition alteration as well as the amelioration of liver injury. However, the reproducibility of the results must be confirmed in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108845
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
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    Rice Bran Reduces Weight Gain and Modulates Lipid Metabolism in Rats with High-Energy-Diet-Induced Obesity
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-30), p. 2033-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-30), p. 2033-
    Abstract: Obesity has become an epidemic worldwide. It is a complex metabolic disorder associated with many serious complications and high morbidity. Rice bran is a nutrient-dense by product of the rice milling process. Asia has the world’s highest rice production (90% of the world’s rice production); therefore, rice bran is inexpensive in Asian countries. Moreover, the high nutritional value of the rice bran suggests its potential as a food supplement promoting health improvements, such as enhancing brain function, lowering blood pressure, and regulating pancreatic secretion. The present study evaluated the anti-obesity effect of rice bran in rats with high-energy diet (HED)-induced obesity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into one of five diet groups (n = 10 per group) and fed the following for eight weeks: Normal diet with vehicle treatment, HED with vehicle, rice bran-0.5X (RB-0.5X) (2% wt/wt rice bran), RB-1.0X (4% wt/wt rice bran), and RB-2.0X (8% wt/wt rice bran). Rice bran (RB-1.0X and RB-2.0X groups) markedly reduced obesity, including body weight and adipocyte size. In addition, treating rats with HED-induced obesity using rice bran significantly reduced the serum uric acid and glucose as well as the liver triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Furthermore, administration of an HED to obese rats significantly affected hepatic lipid homeostasis by increasing phosphotidylcholine (PC; 18:2/22:6), diacylglycerol (DG; 18:2/16:0), DG (18:2/18:1), DG (18:1/16:0), cholesteryl ester (CE; 20:5), CE (28:2), TG (18:0/16:0/18:3), and glycerol-1-2-hexadecanoate 3-octadecanoate. However, the rice bran treatment demonstrated an anti-adiposity effect by partially reducing the HED-induced DG (18:2/18:1) and TG (18:0/16:0/18:3) increases in obese rats. In conclusion, rice bran could act as an anti-obesity supplement in rats, as demonstrated by partially reducing the HED-induced DG and TG increases in obese rats, and thus limit the metabolic diseases associated with obesity and the accumulation of body fat and hepatic lipids in rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11092033
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Effects of the Water Extract of Fermented Rice Bran on Liver Damage and Intestinal Injury in Aged Rats with High-Fat Diet Feeding
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-02-24), p. 607-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-02-24), p. 607-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the water extract of fermented rice bran (FRB) on liver damage and intestinal injury in old rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Rice bran (RB) was fermented with Aspergillus kawachii, and FRB was produced based on a previous study. Male Sprague Dawley rats at 36 weeks of age were allowed free access to a standard rodent diet and water for 8 weeks of acclimation then randomly divided into four groups (six rats/group), including a normal control (NC) group (normal diet), HF group (HF diet; 60% of total calories from fat), HF + 1% FRB group (HF diet + 1% FRB w/w), and HF + 5% FRB group (HF diet + 5% FRB w/w). It was found that the antioxidant ability of FRB was significantly increased when compared to RB. After 8 weeks of feeding, the HF group exhibited liver damage including an increased non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score (hepatic steatosis and inflammation) and higher interleukin (IL)-1β levels, while these were attenuated in the FRB-treated groups. Elevated plasma leptin levels were also found in the HF group, but the level was down-regulated by FRB treatment. An altered gut microbiotic composition was observed in the HF group, while beneficial bacteria including of the Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae had increased after FRB supplementation. In conclusion, it was found that FRB had higher anti-oxidative ability and showed the potential for preventing liver damage induced by a HF diet, which might be achieved through regulating imbalanced adipokines and maintaining a healthier microbiotic composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11050607
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 9
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    Tryptamine, a Microbial Metabolite in Fermented Rice Bran Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Murine Macrophage Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 11209-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 11209-
    Abstract: Fermentation is thought to alter the composition and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in rice bran. However, how this process affects the anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran and the bioactive compounds that might participate in this function is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds in fermented rice bran that play a key role in its anti-inflammatory function. The fermented rice bran was fractionated using a succession of solvent and solid-phase extractions. The fermented rice bran fractions were then applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. The hot water fractions (FRBA), 50% ethanol fractions (FRBB), and n-hexane fractions (FRBC) were all shown to be able to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequent fractions from the hot water fraction (FRBF and FRBE) were also able to reduce the inflammatory response of these cells to LPS. Further investigation revealed that tryptamine, a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, was abundantly present in these extracts. These results indicate that tryptamine may play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effects of fermented rice bran. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of FRBE and tryptamine may depend on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911209
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 10
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    Rice Bran Supplementation Ameliorates Gut Dysbiosis and Muscle Atrophy in Ovariectomized Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2023-08-09), p. 3514-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2023-08-09), p. 3514-
    Abstract: Rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, is rich in fiber and phytochemicals and confers several health benefits. However, its effects on gut microbiota and obesity-related muscle atrophy in postmenopausal status remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of rice bran on gut microbiota, muscle synthesis, and breakdown pathways in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). ICR female mice were divided into five groups: sham, OVX mice receiving control diet (OC); OVX mice receiving HFD (OH); OVX mice receiving control diet and rice bran (OR); and OVX mice receiving HFD and rice bran (OHR). After twelve weeks, relative muscle mass and grip strength were high in rice bran diet groups. IL-6, TNF-α, MuRf-1, and atrogin-1 expression levels were lower, and Myog and GLUT4 were higher in the OHR group. Rice bran upregulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1 (gut tight junction proteins). The abundance of Akkermansiaceae in the cecum was relatively high in the OHR group. Our finding revealed that rice bran supplementation ameliorated gut barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis and also maintained muscle mass by downregulating the expression of MuRf-1 and atrogin-1 (muscle atrophy-related factors) in HFD-fed OVX mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15163514
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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