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  • MDPI AG  (16)
  • Yang, Hong  (16)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    SfDicer2 RNA Interference Inhibits Molting and Wing Expansion in Sogatella furcifera
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-27), p. 677-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-27), p. 677-
    Abstract: Endoribonuclease 2 (Dicer2) is a key nicking endonuclease involved in the small interfering RNA biosynthesis, and it plays important roles in gene regulation and antiviral immunity. The Dicer2 sequence was obtained using the transcriptomic and genomic information of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), and the spatiotemporal characteristics and functions of molting and wing expansion regulation were studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA interference (RNAi) technology. The expression of SfDicer2 fluctuated during the nymphal stage of S. furcifera. Its expression decreased significantly over the course of molting. SfDicer2 exhibited the highest transcript level in the nymphal stage and adult fat body. After SfDicer2 was silenced, the total mortality rate was 42.69%; 18.32% of the insects died because of their inability to molt. Compared with the effects of dsGFP or water, 44.38% of the insects subjected to the silencing of SfDicer2 exhibited wing deformities after successful eclosion. After SfDicer2 RNAi, the expression of chitinase, chitin deacetylase, trehalase, chitin synthase 1, and wing expansion-related genes was significantly inhibited. These findings indicate that SfDicer2 controls molting by affecting genes associated with chitin synthesis and degradation and regulates wing expansion by altering the expression of wing expansion-related genes in S. furcifera.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13080677
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 2
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    Shifts in Bacterial and Archaeal Community Composition in Low-Permeability Oil Reservoirs by a Nutrient Stimulation for Enhancing Oil Recovery
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 8075-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 8075-
    Abstract: Indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery technology by selective nutrient injection is a potential alternative that leads to oil production improvement in low-permeability oil reservoirs. Nutrient flooding in oil reservoirs can shift the balance of microorganisms within a population; an in-depth exploration of this phenomenon can enable us to selectively activate particularly beneficial microbial species for enhancing oil recovery. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyse indigenous microorganisms (e.g., archaea and bacteria) in an oil production well (W226), compared to a control well (W202), in the Xingzichuan Oil Recovery Plant (Ansai, Shaanxi, China). According to alpha diversity analysis and community composition, the nutrient injection exhibited a significant impact on indigenous archaea at the genus level. The predominant archaeal genus Methanolobus (more than 66%) in the control well shifted to Methanocalculus (50.8%) and Methanothermococcus (30.6%) genera in the oil production well. Conversely, the activators increased bacterial community richness but reduced its evenness. Bacterial community analysis at the genus level revealed that nutrient injections significantly increased specific populations with the potential to emulsify, lower interfacial tension, and lower oil viscosity, including the genera Arcobacter, Halomonas, and Thalassolituus. At the same time, some microbial species that are harmful for the oil recovery process (e.g., the sulphate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrus, Desulfocurvus, Desulfocarbo, and Desulfoglaeba), were inhibited. In conclusion, nutrient flooding reduced the abundance of harmful microorganisms and increased beneficial functional microbial populations linked to beneficial functions, contributing to the enhancement of oil recovery in low-permeability oil reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12168075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
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    Phenolic Esters of O-Desmethylvenlafaxine with Improved Oral Bioavailability and Brain Uptake
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2013-12-04), p. 14920-14934
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2013-12-04), p. 14920-14934
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214920
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Juvenile Hormone Synthesis Pathway Gene SfIPPI Regulates Sogatella furcifera Reproduction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2022-02-06), p. 174-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2022-02-06), p. 174-
    Abstract: The juvenile hormone (JH) is crucial for insect reproduction, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (IPPI) is a key enzyme in the JH synthesis pathway. However, few studies have investigated how IPPI regulates insect reproduction. This study identifies and characterizes the IPPI gene (SfIPPI) from the important agricultural pest Sogatella furcifera. A phylogenetic analysis reveals a high homology of SfIPPI with the IPPI amino acid sequences of Laodelphax striatellus and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Furthermore, SfIPPI is expressed at various developmental stages and in various tissues of S. furcifera, and is significantly higher on the 5th day of adult emergence and in integument tissue, while lower levels are found on the 3rd day of adult emergence and in fat body and gut tissue. After silencing SfIPPI using RNA interference, the ovarian development is significantly inhibited and the fecundity is significantly reduced when compared with the control group. Additionally, SfIPPI silencing significantly decreases the expression levels of downstream JH signal transduction pathway genes (SfJHAMT, SfFAMeT, and SfKr-h1) and SfVg. Our findings are helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of insect reproduction through genes in the JH synthesis pathway, and they provide a theoretical basis for the development of pest control treatments targeting SfIPPI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13020174
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 5
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    Cadmium Transporters in the Kidney and Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2015-01-09), p. 1484-1494
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2015-01-09), p. 1484-1494
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011484
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    A Critical Review of Methods for Analyzing Freshwater Eutrophication
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-01-18), p. 225-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-01-18), p. 225-
    Abstract: Water eutrophication is a global environmental problem that poses serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The evaluation of eutrophication provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the management and rehabilitation of water ecosystems. In the last four decades, dozens of evaluation methods have been applied to freshwater eutrophication, but there is a clear need to optimize and standardize the most suitable methods. We have addressed this gap by presenting a systematic review of methodologies. Due to the diversity and complexity of water bodies, no single evaluation method was identified that would adequately represent eutrophication under all scenarios. We demonstrate that lakes can best be assessed using the trophic level index (TLI) method, reservoirs and wetlands the trophic state index (TSI) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, respectively, and rivers the FCE method or back propagation (BP) neural network methods. More recently applied methodologies including spectral imaging and 3-D mapping of water quality using underwater gliders allow greater resolution and can be effective in managing waterbodies to avoid future eutrophication. The aim of this review is to guide future studies on the most appropriate methods available for assessing and reporting water eutrophication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13020225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
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    Pyrvinium Treatment Confers Hepatic Metabolic Benefits via β-Catenin Downregulation and AMPK Activation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-04), p. 330-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-04), p. 330-
    Abstract: Genetic evidence has indicated that β-catenin plays a vital role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated whether pyrvinium, an anthelmintic agent previously reported as a down-regulator of cellular β-catenin levels, conferred any metabolic advantages in treatment of metabolic disorders. Glucose production and lipid accumulation were analyzed to assess metabolic response to pyrvinium in hepatocytes. The expression of key proteins and genes were assessed by immunoblotting and RT-PCR. The in vivo efficacy of pyrvinium against metabolic disorders was evaluated in the mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD). We found that pyrvinium inhibited glucose production and reduced lipogenesis by decreasing the expression of key genes in hepatocytes, which were partially elicited by the downregulation of β-catenin through AXIN stabilization. Interestingly, the AMPK pathway also played a role in the action of pyrvinium, dependent on AXIN stabilization but independent of β-catenin downregulation. In HFD-fed mice, pyrvinium treatment led to improvement in glucose tolerance, fatty liver disorder, and serum cholesterol levels along with a reduced body weight gain. Our results show that small molecule stabilization of AXIN using pyrvinium may lead to improved glucose and lipid metabolism, via β-catenin downregulation and AMPK activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030330
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Spatio-Temporal Variations of Health Costs Caused by Chemical Fertilizer Utilization in China from 1990 to 2012
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2017-08-24), p. 1505-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2017-08-24), p. 1505-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su9091505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
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    State of the Art and Future Perspectives in Advanced CMOS Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-08-07), p. 1555-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-08-07), p. 1555-
    Abstract: The international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) is approaching the historical end point and we observe that the semiconductor industry is driving complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) further towards unknown zones. Today’s transistors with 3D structure and integrated advanced strain engineering differ radically from the original planar 2D ones due to the scaling down of the gate and source/drain regions according to Moore’s law. This article presents a review of new architectures, simulation methods, and process technology for nano-scale transistors on the approach to the end of ITRS technology. The discussions cover innovative methods, challenges and difficulties in device processing, as well as new metrology techniques that may appear in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10081555
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
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    Research on the Impact of the Built Environment on the Characteristics of Metropolis Rail Transit School Commuting—Take Wuhan as an Example
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-20), p. 9885-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-20), p. 9885-
    Abstract: The long-distance commute to school caused by urban sprawl and the car-oriented urban construction model are key factors leading to primary/middle school students being picked up by their parents in cars. Encouraging those students to take rail transit can reduce their dependence on cars. This paper uses a stepwise regression based on rail-transit swipe data to explore the influence of the built environment on rail-transit commuting characteristics in Wuhan, and uses a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of significant influencing variables. The study found that: (1) 60% of students are one-way commuters; (2) 88.6% of students travel less than 10 km; (3) the floor area ratio, bus station density and whether the station is a transfer station have an obvious positive effect on the flow of commuters; (4) whether the station is a departure station has a positive effect on the commuting distance, but the mixed degree of land use and road density have a negative effect on the commuting distance. This research can assist cities in formulating built environment optimization measures and related policies to improve school-age children’s use of rail transit. This is important in the development of child-friendly cities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189885
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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