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  • MDPI AG  (14)
  • Xu, Wei  (14)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation and Mechanistic Characterization of a Novel Zearalenone-Degrading Enzyme
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-19), p. 2908-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-19), p. 2908-
    Abstract: Zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives pose a serious threat to global food quality and animal health. The use of enzymes to degrade mycotoxins has become a popular method to counter this threat. In this study, Aspergillus niger ZEN-S-FS10 extracellular enzyme solution with ZEN-degrading effect was separated and purified to prepare the biological enzyme, FSZ, that can degrade ZEN. The degradation rate of FSZ to ZEN was 75–80% (pH = 7.0, 28 °C). FSZ can function in a temperature range of 28–38 °C and pH range of 2.0–7.0 and can also degrade ZEN derivatives (α-ZAL, β-ZOL, and ZAN). According to the enzyme kinetics fitting, ZEN has a high degradation rate. FSZ can degrade ZEN in real samples of corn flour. FSZ can be obtained stably and repeatedly from the original strain. One ZEN degradation product was isolated: FSZ−P(C18H26O4), with a relative molecular weight of 306.18 g/mol. Amino-acid-sequencing analysis revealed that FSZ is a novel enzyme (homology 〈 10%). According to the results of molecular docking, ZEN and ZAN can utilize their end-terminal carbonyl groups to bind FSZ residues PHE307, THR55, and GLU129 for a high-degradation rate. However, α-ZAL and β-ZOL instead contain hydroxyl groups that would prevent binding to GLU129; thus, the degradation rate is low for these derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11182908
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
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    Rapid Determination of 30 Polyphenols in Tongmai Formula, a Combination of Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-03-29), p. 545-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-03-29), p. 545-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040545
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    An O-Demethylation Metabolite of Rabeprazole Sulfide by Cunninghamella blakesleeana 3.970 Biotransformation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 15-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 15-
    Abstract: To explore the potential metabolites from rabeprazole sulfide, seven strains of filamentous fungi were screened for their biotransformation abilities. Among these strains, Cunninghamella blakesleeana 3.970 exhibited the best result. Four different culture media were screened in order to identify the most optimal for subsequent research. Single factors such as the initial pH of culture media, culture time, inoculation volume, and media volume were individually investigated to provide the optimum biotransformation conditions. Then, an orthogonal optimization process using a five-factor, four-level L16(45) experiment was designed and performed. Finally, when the substrate concentration is 3 g/L, one major metabolite was detected with a transformation rate of 72.4%. Isolated by semipreparative HPLC, this metabolite was further detected by ESI-MS and NMR. The final data analysis indicated that the metabolite is O-demethylation rabeprazole sulfide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13010015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 4
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    Experimental Study of the Factors Influencing the Performance of the Bonding Interface between Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Pavement and a Steel Bridge Deck
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Buildings Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-12), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-12), p. 477-
    Abstract: The bonding between pavement and a steel bridge deck is a key component affecting the structural integrity of steel deck pavement and delamination is a major cause. The bonding interface of steel deck pavement was systematically investigated to evaluate the interactive influences of factors, such as the air void of the asphalt concrete pavement, the surface roughness of the steel deck, the thickness of the zinc-rich epoxy primer, and the waterproof bonding membrane, on the bond strength of the pavement interface, through simulated loading, brine immersion, pull-off, and interface observation experiments. The results show that a low air void ( 〈 3.0%) was a necessary condition for the corrosion resistance and bonding reliability of the steel deck pavement structure, and a zinc-rich epoxy primer provided an additional guarantee for corrosion resistance of the steel deck pavement; additionally, the combination of steel deck plate roughness in the range of 120–140 μm and zinc-rich epoxy primer thickness in the range of 80–110 μm led to a high bond strength, which was also conducive to the corrosion resistance of the steel bridge plate. The steel deck pavement structure should be designed through combinatorial optimization of multiple factors to create an integrated waterproof and anticorrosion bonding system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings12040477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 5
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    Testing an Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Method for Magnetic Separation of Nanoplastics and Microplastics from Water
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 14 ( 2022-07-09), p. 2348-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 14 ( 2022-07-09), p. 2348-
    Abstract: Nanoplastic pollution is increasing worldwide and poses a threat to humans, animals, and ecological systems. High-throughput, reliable methods for the isolation and separation of NMPs from drinking water, wastewater, or environmental bodies of water are of interest. We investigated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with hydrophobic coatings to magnetize plastic particulate waste for removal. We produced and tested IONPs synthesized using air-free conditions and in atmospheric air, coated with several polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based hydrophobic coatings. Particles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential. The IONPs synthesized in air contained a higher percentage of the magnetic spinel phase and stronger magnetization. Binding and recovery of NMPs from both salt and freshwater samples was demonstrated. Specifically, we were able to remove 100% of particles in a range of sizes, from 2–5 mm, and nearly 90% of nanoplastic particles with a size range from 100 nm to 1000 nm using a simple 2-inch permanent NdFeB magnet. Magnetization of NMPs using IONPs is a viable method for separation from water samples for quantification, characterization, and purification and remediation of water.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12142348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
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    Investigation of Precise Single-Frequency Time and Frequency Transfer with Galileo E1/E5a/E5b/E5/E6 Observations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 5371-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-26), p. 5371-
    Abstract: With the rapid upgrade of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) single-frequency (SF) receivers and the increasing market demand for low-cost hardware, SF precise point positioning (PPP) technology has been widely applied in the time and frequency field. The five-frequency signals provided by the whole constellation of Galileo bring more opportunities for the application of SF PPP in time and frequency transfer. In this contribution, using Galileo’s multi-frequency observations, three SF PPP time and frequency transfer models, i.e., the un-combined (UC) model, the ionosphere-free-half (IFH) model, and the ionosphere-weighted constraints (IWCs) model are established. SF PPP time and frequency transfer performance with Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, E5, and E6 multi-frequency observations is evaluated using four links (947.7 km to 1331.6 km) with five external high-precision atomic clocks stations. The results show that the time and frequency transfer performance of SF-UC and SF-IWC is better than that of SF-IFH, and the timing accuracy of SF-UC and SF-IWC is similar. SF PPP time and transfer performance with E5, E5a, E5b, and E6 signals is improved compared with traditional E1 signal. Among them, the frequency stability of E5 improves the most (about 58%), and that of E6 improves the least (about 14%). In addition, the difference in frequency stability between SF and double-frequency (DF) PPP decreases gradually with an increase in average time, and the frequency stability difference between SF and DF PPP can reach 2 × 10−16 in 120,000 s, indicating that SF PPP has the potential to achieve DF PPP frequency stability. Considering the possible frequency data loss during actual observation, the cost of the GNSS SF receiver, and the advantages of Galileo multi-frequency observations, SF PPP can also meet the long-time time and frequency transfer requirements, and the SF-IWC model based on Galileo E5 observations is more recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14215371
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 7
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    Overexpression of GDNF in Spinal Cord Attenuates Morphine Analgesic Tolerance in Rats with Bone Cancer Pain
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-03), p. 1188-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-03), p. 1188-
    Abstract: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the typical and distressing symptoms in cancer patients. Morphine is a widely used analgesic drug for BCP; however, long-term morphine administration will lead to analgesic tolerance. Our previous study indicated that spinal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exerts analgesic effects in rats with BCP. In this study, BCP was established by inoculated Walker 256 carcinoma cells into rat tibias, while morphine tolerance (MT) was induced by intrathecally injecting morphine twice daily from the 9th to 15th postoperative day (POD) in BCP rats. The BCP rats developed mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia on POD 5 and it lasted to POD 15. The analgesic effect of morphine was decreased after repeat administration. Western blots and immunochemistry tests showed that GDNF was gradually decreased in the spinal cord after the development of MT in rats with BCP, and GDNF was colocalized with the μ opioid receptor (MOR) in the superficial laminate of the spinal cords. The overexpression of GDNF by lentivirus significantly attenuated MT, and restored the expression of MOR in the spinal cord. In summary, our results suggest that the reduction of GDNF expression participated in the development of MT in rats with BCP and could be a promising therapeutic option for BCP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 8
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    Meso-Cenozoic Exhumation of the Linqing Sub-Basin, Bohai Bay Basin: Implications for Cratonic Destruction
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Minerals Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-24), p. 1176-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-24), p. 1176-
    Abstract: The relationship between the tectonic event of the Linqing Sub-basin and the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) is an important factor to consider when studying geodynamic mechanisms in eastern China. In the current study, we present a low-temperature apatite thermochronological analysis of 14 samples to study the tectonic event of the Linqing Sub-basin. Our data showed that the apatite fission track (AFT) ages were in the range of 53.5–124.4 Ma, and the average track lengths were 8.00–11.24 μm. The grain ages showed that 10 samples had mixed ages and were characterized by discordant distribution. The minimum ages decomposed from AFT ages mainly ranged from 105.3 to 40.8 Ma. We identified a break-in-slope from the depth-minimum age profile, which was related to the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic event. The AFT age data could be decomposed into three age groups, namely, P3 (394.8–215.7 Ma), P2 (124.6–83.4 Ma), and P1 (70.7–40.8 Ma), indicating three significant tectonic events in the NCC. P3 is related to the uplift of the NCC at 445.0–315.0 Ma and deformation and magmatism at 320.0–200.0 Ma. P2 corresponds to the Mesozoic tectonic activities, such as the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean, the turning of the Izanagi plate and mantle convection. P1 mainly corresponds to the Izanagi–Pacific ridge, the closure of the Tethys Ocean, and the rotation of the Philippine Sea plate in the Cenozoic. Our study provides evidence for the destruction of the NCC, and has significance for the understanding of the deep mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min11111176
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 9
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    Preparation of a Paeonol-Containing Temperature-Sensitive In Situ Gel and Its Preliminary Efficacy on Allergic Rhinitis
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2013-03-22), p. 6499-6515
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2013-03-22), p. 6499-6515
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036499
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Optimization Design of Velocity Distribution in the Airways of the Fluidized Bed Based on CFD and Taguchi Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2022-09-16), p. 1513-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2022-09-16), p. 1513-
    Abstract: A vital component that is frequently employed in the industrial powder conveying sector is the fluidized bed. In the light of powder unloading with a fluidized bed as the research object, an orthogonal experiment with two factors and four levels was established for the structural parameters of the fluidized bed. In the case of different noise factors, 16 schemes are designed and all schemes via computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation. The Taguchi method and regression analysis are used to analyze the response. Finally, the accuracy of the optimization results is tested. The results show that gas velocity decreases sharply at the airway’s entrance and, then, gas flows to the second half of the airway and velocity decreases steadily and uniformly. Airway arc length L exerts a greater effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than airway height H. The parameter combination of 180 mm L and 17 mm H for obtaining the optimal velocity distribution uniformity is determined. The test results indicate that the overall fluidization effect of the fluidized bed with the optimal parameters is better. The linked research findings can be used as a guide when designing a fluidized bed system for transporting comparable powder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13091513
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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