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  • MDPI AG  (15)
  • Xu, Haiyan  (15)
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  • MDPI AG  (15)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Molecular Signature of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 156-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 156-
    Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a prominent population of stromal cells, play a crucial role in tumor progression, prognosis, and treatment response. However, the relationship among CAF-based molecular signatures, clinical outcomes, and tumor microenvironment infiltration remains largely elusive in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we collected multicenter PC data and performed integrated analysis to investigate the role of CAF-related genes (CRGs) in PC. Firstly, we demonstrated that α-SMA+ CAFs were the most prominent stromal components and correlated with the poor survival rates of PC patients in our tissue microarrays. Then, we discriminated two diverse molecular subtypes (CAF clusters A and B) and revealed the significant differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), four reported CAF subpopulations, clinical characteristics, and prognosis in PC samples. Furthermore, we analyzed their association with the immunotherapy response of PC patients. Lastly, a CRG score was constructed to predict prognosis, immunotherapy responses, and chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer patients. In summary, these findings provide insights into further research targeting CAFs and their TME, and they pave a new road for the prognosis evaluation and individualized treatment of PC patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010156
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making the Best Use of Available Weapons for the Inevitable Rivalry-Resistance to EGFR-TKIs
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-10), p. 1141-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-10), p. 1141-
    Abstract: The emergence of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Detected in more than 50% of late-stage lung adenocarcinoma in Asian patients, the EGFR mutation was regarded as a golden mutation for Asians. However, resistance to TKIs seems inevitable and severely hinders patients from getting further benefits from treatment. Even though resistance caused by EGFR T790M could be effectively managed by third-generation EGFR-TKIs currently, resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs is still a troublesome issue faced by both clinicians and patients. Various efforts have been made to maximize the benefits of patients from EGFR-TKIs therapy. Thus, new requirements and challenges have been posed to clinicians of this era. In this review, we summarized the clinical evidence on the efficacy of third-generation EGFR-TKIs in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Then, we discussed advancements in sequential treatment aiming to delay the onset of resistance. Moreover, the resistance mechanisms and features were depicted to help us better understand our enemies. Lastly, we put forward future strategies, including recent approaches involving the utilization of antibody drug conjugates against resistance and research directions about shaping the evolution of NSCLC as a core idea in the management of NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041141
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extraction of City Roads Using Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Data
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2021-10-28), p. 10113-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2021-10-28), p. 10113-
    Abstract: The extraction of a road network is critical for city planning and has been widely studied in previous research using high resolution images, whereas the high cost of high-resolution remote sensing data and the complexity of its analysis also cause huge challenges for the extraction. The successful launch of a high resolution (130 m) nighttime remote sensing satellite, Luojia 1-01, provides great potential in the study of urban issues. This study attempted to extract city roads using a Luojia 1-01 nighttime lighting image. The urban regions were firstly distinguished through a threshold method. Then, an unsupervised PCNN (pulse coupled neural network) was established to extract the road networks in urban regions. A series of optimizing methods was proposed to enhance the image contrast and eliminate the residential regions along the roads. The final extraction results after optimizing were compared with OSM (OpenStreetMap) data, showing the high precision of the proposed approach with the accuracy rate reaching 83.2%. We also found the precision of city centers to be lower than suburban regions due to the influence of intensive human activities. Our study confirms the potential of Luojia 1-01 data in the extraction of city roads and provides new thought for more complex and microscopic study of city issues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app112110113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of V6O13 Nanosheets Film Cathodes for LIBs
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 8574-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 8574-
    Abstract: V6O13 thin films were deposited on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass by a concise low-temperature liquid-phase deposition method and through heat treatment. The obtained films were directly used as electrodes without adding any other media. The results indicate that the film annealed at 400 °C exhibited an excellent cycling performance, which remained at 82.7% of capacity after 100 cycles. The film annealed at 400 °C with diffusion coefficients of 6.08 × 10−12 cm2·s−1 (Li+ insertion) and 5.46 × 10−12 cm2·s−1 (Li+ extraction) in the V6O13 film electrode. The high diffusion coefficients could be ascribed to the porous morphology composed of ultrathin nanosheets. Moreover, the film endured phase transitions during electrochemical cycling, the V6O13 partially transformed to Li0.6V1.67O3.67, Li3VO4, and VO2 with the insertion of Li+ into the lattice, and Li0.6V1.67O3.67, Li3VO4, and VO2 partially reversibly transformed backwards to V6O13 with the extraction of Li+ from the lattice. The phase transition can be attributed to the unique structure and morphology with enough active sites and ions diffusion channels during cycles. Such findings reveal a bright idea to prepare high-performance cathode materials for LIBs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15238574
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vivo Metabolic Response upon Exposure to Gold Nanorod Core/Silver Shell Nanostructures: Modulation of Inflammation and Upregulation of Dopamine
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2020-01-08), p. 384-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2020-01-08), p. 384-
    Abstract: With the increasing applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), the concerns of widespread human exposure as well as subsequent health risks have been continuously growing. The acute and chronic toxicities of Ag NPs in cellular tests and animal tests have been widely investigated. Accumulating evidence shows that Ag NPs can induce inflammation, yet the overall mechanism is incomplete. Herein, using gold nanorod core/silver shell nanostructures (Au@Ag NRs) as a model system, we studied the influence on mice liver and lungs from the viewpoint of metabolism. In agreement with previous studies, Au@Ag NRs’ intravenous exposure caused inflammatory reaction, accompanying with metabolic alterations, including energy metabolism, membrane/choline metabolism, redox metabolism, and purine metabolism, the disturbances of which contribute to inflammation. At the same time, dopamine metabolism in liver was also changed. This is the first time to observe the production of dopamine in non-neural tissue after treatment with Ag NPs. As the upregulation of dopamine resists inflammation, it indicates the activation of antioxidant defense systems against oxidative stress induced by Au@Ag NRs. In the end, our findings deepened the understanding of molecular mechanisms of Ag NPs-induced inflammation and provide assistance in the rational design of their biomedical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020384
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings with Covalently Linked Black Dye Sudan Black B
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Materials Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2017-10-28), p. 1247-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2017-10-28), p. 1247-
    Abstract: Colored waterborne polyurethanes have been widely used in paintings, leathers, textiles, and coatings. Here, a series of black waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) with different ratios of black dye, Sudan Black B (SDB), were prepared by step-growth polymerization. WPU emulsions as obtained exhibit low particle sizes and remarkable storage stability at the same time. At different dye loadings, essential structural, statistical and thermal properties are characterized. FTIR (fourier transform infrared) spectra indicate that SDB is covalently linked into waterborne polyurethane chains. All of the WPUs with covalently linked SDB show better color fastness and resistance of thermal migration than those with SDB mixed physically. Besides, WPUs incorporated SDB covalently with different polymeric diols, polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), poly-1, 4-butylene adipate glycol (PBA) and polycaprolactone glycol (PCL), were prepared to obtain different properties to cater to a variety of practical demands. By a spraying method, the black WPUs can be directly used as metal coatings without complex dyeing process by simply mixing coating additive and other waterborne resins, which exhibit excellent coating performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma10111247
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure and Photoluminescence of WO3-x Aggregates Tuned by Surfactants
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-25), p. 2075-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-25), p. 2075-
    Abstract: The optoelectronic properties of transition metal oxide semiconductors depend on their oxygen vacancies, nanostructures and aggregation states. Here, we report the synthesis and photoluminescence (PL) properties of substoichiometric tungsten oxide (WO3-x) aggregates with the nanorods, nanoflakes, submicro-spherical-like, submicro-spherical and micro-spherical structures in the acetic acid solution without and with the special surfactants (butyric or oleic acids). Based on theory on the osmotic potential of polymers, we demonstrate the structural change of the WO3-x aggregates, which is related to the change of steric repulsion caused by the surfactant layers, adsorption and deformation of the surfactant molecules on the WO3-x nanocrystals. The WO3-x aggregates generate multi-color light, including ultraviolet, blue, green, red and near-infrared light caused by the inter-band transition and defect level-specific transition as well as the relaxation of polarons. Compared to the nanorod and nanoflake WO3-x aggregates, the PL quenching of the submicro-spherical-like, submicro-spherical and micro-spherical WO3-x aggregates is associated with the coupling between the WO3-x nanoparticles and the trapping centers arising from the surfactant molecules adsorbed on the WO3-x nanoparticles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13122075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Magnetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds Accelerate the Regeneration of Muscle Tissue in Combination with Extra Magnetic Fields
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2022-04-18), p. 4440-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2022-04-18), p. 4440-
    Abstract: The reversal of loss of the critical size of skeletal muscle is urgently required using biomaterial scaffolds to guide tissue regeneration. In this work, coaxial electrospun magnetic nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated, with gelatin (Gel) as the shell of the fiber and polyurethane (PU) as the core. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Mag) of 10 nm diameter were added to the shell and core layer. Myoblast cells (C2C12) were cultured on the magnetic scaffolds and exposed to the applied magnetic fields. A mouse model of skeletal muscle injury was used to evaluate the repair guided by the scaffolds under the magnetic fields. It was shown that VEGF secretion and MyoG expression for the myoblast cells grown on the magnetic scaffolds under the magnetic fields were significantly increased, while, the gene expression of Myh4 was up-regulated. Results from an in vivo study indicated that the process of skeletal muscle regeneration in the mouse muscle injury model was accelerated by using the magnetic actuated strategy, which was verified by histochemical analysis, immunofluorescence staining of CD31, electrophysiological measurement and ultrasound imaging. In conclusion, the integration of a magnetic scaffold combined with the extra magnetic fields enhanced myoblast differentiation and VEGF secretion and accelerated the defect repair of skeletal muscle in situ.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084440
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extracting Total Anthocyanin from Purple Sweet Potato Using an Effective Ultrasound-Assisted Compound Enzymatic Extraction Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-06), p. 4344-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-06), p. 4344-
    Abstract: This study aimed to develop an effective technique for extracting total anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Mianzishu 9) (PSP9) by ultrasound-assisted compound enzymatic extraction (UAEE). Single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman experimental design, and response surface methodology were utilized for optimizing extraction conditions, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated. Anthocyanins were also measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph linked to a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). The maximum yield of total anthocyanins was 2.27 mg/g under the following conditions: the ethanol concentration was 78%, the material-to-liquid ratio was 1:15 g/mL, the enzyme ratio (cellulase: pectinase: papain) was 2:2:1 and its hydrolysis was at 41 °C, pH = 4.5, 1.5 h, the ultrasonication was at 48 °C and conducted twice for 20 min each time. In addition to higher yield, anthocyanins extracted from purple sweet potato by UAEE showed great ability to scavenge DPPH (IC50 of 0.089 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 of 100.229 μg/mL). Five anthocyanins were found in the purple sweet potato extract from UAEE. Taken together, the ultrasound-assisted compound enzymatic method can rapidly and effectively extract anthocyanins with greater antioxidant capacity from purple sweet potato.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144344
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proportioning Factors of Alkali-Activated Materials and Interaction Relationship Revealed by Response Surface Modeling
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 2042-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 2042-
    Abstract: Alkali-activated fly-ash–slag blending materials (AA-FASMs) are gradually being studied and applied more because of their good performance. There are many factors affecting the alkali-activated system, and the effect of single-factor variation on the performance of AA-FASM has been mostly reported; however, there is a lack of unified understanding of the mechanical properties and microstructure of AA-FASM under curing conditions and multiple-factor interaction. Therefore, this study investigated the compressive strength development and reaction products of alkali-activated AA-FASM under three curing conditions including seal (S), dry (D) and water saturation (W). Based on the response surface model, the relationship between the interaction of slag content (WSG), activator modulus (M) and activator dosage (RA) on its strength was established. The results showed that the maximum compressive strength of AA-FASM after 28 days of sealed curing was about 59 MPa, while the strengths of dry- and water-saturation-cured specimens decreased by 9.8% and 13.7%, respectively. The seal-cured samples also had the smallest mass change rate and linear shrinkage and the most compact pore structure. Due to the adverse effects from a too-high or too-low modulus and dosage of the activators, the shapes of upward convex, slope and inclined convex were under the interaction of WSG/M, WSG/RA and M/RA, respectively. The correlation coefficient R2 〉 0.95 and p-value 〈 0.05 indicated that the proposed model could be used to predict strength development given the complex factors. Optimal proportioning and curing conditions were found to be WSG = 50%, M = 1.4, RA = 50% and sealed curing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16052042
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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