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  • AIP Publishing  (14)
  • Wang, Liang  (14)
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  • AIP Publishing  (14)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ambient CdCl2 treatment on CdS buffer layer for improved performance of Sb2Se3 thin film photovoltaics
    AIP Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 107, No. 14 ( 2015-10-05)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 107, No. 14 ( 2015-10-05)
    Abstract: Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is appealing as a promising light absorber because of its intrinsically benign grain boundaries, suitable band gap (∼1.1 eV), strong absorption coefficient, and relatively environmentally friendly constituents. Recently, we achieved a certified 5.6% efficiency Sb2Se3 thin film solar cell with the assistance of ambient CdCl2 treatment on the CdS buffer layer. Here, we focused on investigating the underlying mechanism from a combined materials and device physics perspective applying current density-voltage (J-V) fitting analysis, atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence, and UV–Vis transmission spectroscopy. Our results indicated that ambient CdCl2 treatment on CdS film not only improved CdS grain size and quality, but also incorporated Cl and more O into the film, both of which can significantly improve the heterojunction quality and device performance of CdS/Sb2Se3 solar cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.4932544
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental investigation and SOLPS-ITER modeling of Ne-seeded radiative divertor H-modes plasma on EAST
    AIP Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01)
    Abstract: Both experimental modeling and numerical modeling were carried out on Experimental Advanced Superconductive Tokamak (EAST) to study the radiative divertor plasma behavior with neon (Ne) seeding. Steady H-mode radiation feedback control regimes (frad ∼ 18%–36%) were achieved by synergistic working of a divertor puff and supersonic molecular beam injection with Ne in the 2017 EAST campaign. Ne seeding effectively promoted divertor detachment while only causing a slight loss to the plasma stored energy in the experiment. To better understand the experimental result, analysis of the detachment process is introduced in this work. Two time slices namely before and after Ne seeding during the radiative divertor experiment in Shot #71021 were simulated by Scrape Off Layer Plasma Simulator (SOLPS)-ITER code. The simulation results for upstream plasma agreed well with the experiment, and the divertor profile agreed well on the outer targets when ignoring drifts. Radiation distribution was also calculated by SOLPS-ITER, showing that there was a high radiation region near the X-point, which is consistent with the experimental measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.5085892
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A multichannel visible spectroscopy system for the ITER-like W divertor on EAST
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Review of Scientific Instruments Vol. 88, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01)
    Details
    In: Review of Scientific Instruments, AIP Publishing, Vol. 88, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01)
    Abstract: To facilitate long-pulse high power operation, an ITER-like actively cooled tungsten (W) divertor was installed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to replace the original upper graphite divertor in 2014. A dedicated multichannel visible spectroscopic diagnostic system has been accordingly developed for the characterization of the plasma and impurities in the W divertor. An array of 22 lines-of-sight (LOSs) provides a profile measurement of the light emitted from the plasma along upper outer divertor, and the other 17 vertical LOSs view the upper inner divertor, achieving a 13 mm poloidal resolution in both regions. The light emitted from the plasma is collected by a specially designed optical lens assembly and then transferred to a Czerny-Turner spectrometer via 40 m quartz fibers. At the end, the spectra dispersed by the spectrometer are recorded with an Electron-Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD). The optical throughput and quantum efficiency of the system are optimized in the wavelength range 350-700 nm. The spectral resolution/coverage can be adjusted from 0.01 nm/3 nm to 0.41 nm/140 nm by switching the grating with suitable groove density. The frame rate depends on the setting of LOS number in EMCCD and can reach nearly 2 kHz for single LOS detection. The light collected by the front optical lens can also be divided and partly transferred to a photomultiplier tube array with specified bandpass filter, which can provide faster sampling rates by up to 200 kHz. The spectroscopic diagnostic is routinely operated in EAST discharges with absolute optical calibrations applied before and after each campaign, monitoring photon fluxes from impurities and H recycling in the upper divertor. This paper presents the technical details of the diagnostic and typical measurements during EAST discharges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-6748 , 1089-7623
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.4979406
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209865-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472905-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A novel underwater piezoelectric thruster with one single resonance mode
    AIP Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Review of Scientific Instruments Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 2019-04-01)
    Details
    In: Review of Scientific Instruments, AIP Publishing, Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 2019-04-01)
    Abstract: In this paper, a novel underwater piezoelectric thruster with one single resonance mode is proposed. The piezoelectric thruster consists of one piezoelectric transducer and two propellers. In order to relieve the bulky problem of underwater thrusters using a DC motor as the power source, the piezoelectric thruster adopts a full-open structure; thus, the piezoelectric thruster does not need additional sealing elements. Compared with underwater thrusters using a DC motor, the piezoelectric thruster has advantages of simple structure and small volume. By using piezoelectric ceramics, the first-order longitudinal mode of the transducer is excited to drive two propellers rotating in opposite directions. A prototype of the piezoelectric thruster is fabricated and experimentally investigated; it is 22 g in weight and 124 mm in length. The experimental results indicate that when the excitation voltage of the piezoelectric transducer is 300 Vpp, the rotational speed of the positive propeller is up to 1267 rpm and the stall torque is 1.71 mN m; meanwhile, the rotation speed of the negative propeller is up to 1203 rpm, and the stall torque is 1.75 mN m. When the piezoelectric thruster is working underwater, the average forward speed reaches 106.01 mm/s at 400 Vpp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-6748 , 1089-7623
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.5088622
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209865-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472905-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling of radiative divertor experiments with argon seeding for H-mode plasma in EAST
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2017-01-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2017-01-01)
    Abstract: To obtain a quantitative understanding of the recent radiative divertor experiments and to give an instructive prediction for the future relative work performed on EAST, the 2D numerical tool SOLPS has been used to investigate the argon seeded EAST H-mode plasmas. The simulations were mainly based on a typical H-mode discharge with lower single null divertor configuration, in which the partially detached divertor plasma has been achieved due to the argon seeding. First the perpendicular particle and energy transport coefficients for particle density diffusivity D⊥, electron and ion conduction, χ⊥i,e were radially varied to determine the edge transport barrier in H-mode plasma by comparing the simulated upstream profiles of electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) with the edge Thomson scattering data. Then the reduction of the particle flux, static pressure, and the peak heat load onto the lower outer divertor target have been reproduced by radiative divertor simulations in agreement with the experimental measurements, which demonstrated that the argon seeding is effective to mitigate the heat load onto the divertor target and achieve partially detached plasma during the H-mode discharge. The simulations also revealed that the strongest radiation occurred near the X-point and in the divertor region for short pulsed argon seeding with a relatively low puffing rate in agreement with bolometer measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.4973661
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigation of the effects of impurity seeding under different magnetic configurations in L-mode plasma in EAST tokamak
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 092514-
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 092514-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.5001723
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation and comparison between multi-fluid and kinetic models of impurity transport
    AIP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01)
    Abstract: Impurity transport is a highly significant research topic in international fusion plasma simulations, which are mainly simulated by numerical codes at present. Most of the numerical simulation codes for impurity transport adopt multi-fluid or kinetic model to treat impurity particles. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable transport model for the simulation process. For impurity particles, if the mean free path of particles λ is much smaller than the gradient scale length of particles λ g, it is sufficient to treat the particles by the multi-fluid model. However, under some conditions, λ will be much larger than λ g. The applicability of the fluid model is limited when λ is larger than or equal to λ g. A comparison with the simulations on impurity transport treated with multi-fluid and kinetic models is necessary, respectively. In this study, the simulation results of carbon (C) impurity transport in the EAST scrape-off layer with the 2D edge plasma fluid code SOLPS-ITER and the 2D Monte Carlo impurity transport code DIVIMP are compared. The comparison between the distributions of carbon impurities ( C 0 ∼ C + 6) in the different ionization states and the CIII emissivity predicted by SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP shows that the density distributions of carbon atoms C 0 predicted by the SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP codes are similar. However, for carbon ions in different ionization states, the variations between the density distributions simulated from the SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP codes can become larger with the increase in ionization states. DIVIMP performs slightly better than SOLPS-ITER in reproducing the shape of the CIII profile when drifts are switched off in SOLPS-ITER, but the difference is extremely small in terms of the uncertainties involved in these calculations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0137801
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observation of non-thermal metastable ion velocity distributions in a miniaturized multi-dipole confined plasma device
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Physics of Plasmas Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2022-06-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Plasmas, AIP Publishing, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2022-06-01)
    Abstract: Hot cathode discharges are common plasma sources for fundamental plasma physics studies and other applications due to their capability to produce quiescent plasma. This work presents experimental observations of presheath-associated non-thermal metastable ion velocity distributions in a miniaturized multi-dipole confined plasma device measured by laser-induced fluorescence. The intensity of this non-Maxwellian component is related to the collisions of these metastable ions with background particles. Additionally, the flow velocity of this component is lower than the Bohm velocity; thus, its energy is lower than the presheath potential drop kTe/2. This implies that these non-thermal metastable ion velocity distributions are formed via presheath acceleration and are associated with the source asymmetries of the miniaturized device. The strength decreases as the neutral pressure increases once the neutral pressure is adjusted, suggesting that the presheath length is the critical condition that determines whether these components can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-664X , 1089-7674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0090948
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472746-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poly(sodium 4-styrenseulfonate)-modified monolayer graphene for anode applications of organic photovoltaic cells
    AIP Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 111, No. 11 ( 2017-09-11)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 111, No. 11 ( 2017-09-11)
    Abstract: An insulated poly(sodium 4-styrenseulfonate) (PSS) was used to modify monolayer graphene for anode applications of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). With this PSS interfacial modification layer, the OPVs showed a significant increase of 56.4% in efficiency due to an improved work function and hydrophilic feature of graphene and an enlarged recombination resistance of carriers/excitons. Doping a highly contorted 1,2,5-thiadiazole-fused 12-ring polyaromatic hydrocarbon into the active layer to form ternary blended OPVs further enlarged the recombination resistance of carriers/excitons and improved light absorption of the active layer, with which a high power conversion efficiency of 6.29% was acquired.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.5003348
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Secondary instability of the hypersonic high-enthalpy boundary layers with thermal–chemical nonequilibrium effects
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Physics of Fluids Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2021-03-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing, Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2021-03-01)
    Abstract: Compared to the widely studied linear instabilities, the nonlinear analyses of the high-enthalpy and hypersonic boundary-layer transition had received much less attention. In this work, secondary instabilities of high-enthalpy boundary layers are studied to highlight the impacts of thermal–chemical nonequilibrium (TCNE). The numerical tools adopted here are the nonlinear parabolized stability equation (NPSE) and the Floquet analysis (or the secondary instability theory, SIT). The flow over a blunt cone is computed at a free-stream Mach number of 20. The fundamental resonance is found to dominate over the subharmonic resonance. The development of secondary waves from SIT agrees well with that from NPSE, suggesting satisfactory cross-validation of both solvers. It is also illustrated that the disturbances of the species mass and vibrational temperature are mainly generated by the product term of the wall-normal velocity disturbance and the mean-flow gradient. The typical rope-like structures are observed near the boundary-layer edge. The effects of TCNE on the secondary instability are to cause larger maximum secondary growth rate and the corresponding azimuthal wavenumber.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-6631 , 1089-7666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0045184
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472743-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241528-8
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