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  • Wiley  (5)
  • Vos, Theo  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating the global mortality from Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias: A new method and results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 : Epidemiology / Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 16, No. S10 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 16, No. S10 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (dementia) is currently a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, and the total number of individuals effected by dementia will likely increase in the future with corresponding increases in population growth and aging. However, inconsistencies in coding practices in vital registration systems both over time and between countries complicate the estimation of dementia mortality. This study updated and improved on previous methods developed for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study for the estimation of global dementia mortality. Method We conducted a systematic review on the excess risk of death in those with dementia, and analyzed these data using a Bayesian meta‐regression model. We calculated total excess deaths as the product of absolute risk and country‐by‐country prevalence estimates from the GBD study. We then multiplied the estimates of total excess deaths by the proportion of dementia deaths that occur in those with severe, end‐stage disease to calculate the total number of deaths that could be legitimately assigned to dementia as the underlying cause of death. Result Attributable risk of dementia increased with age, reaching 0.17 (95% uncertainty interval, 0.05 to 0.58) in the 95+ age group. We estimated there were 1.55 (0.35 to 4.54) million deaths globally due to dementia in 2019. Far more deaths occurred in women (1.02 million; 0.23 to 2.96) than men (0.54 million: 0.12 to 1.58), giving a female to male ratio of 1.90 (1.82 to 1.99). Due to population aging, the all‐age mortality rates increased by 38.0%; 33.1 to 43.7 between 1990 and 2019. Conclusion The increase in the number of dementia deaths will continue due to population aging. Given the rising volume of dementia mortality, the development of valid methods of mortality estimation for dementia is critical. This updated estimation method eliminated all dependency on estimates from vital registration systems, which are known to be biased. However, future efforts should aim to further strengthen this analysis in order to provide more accurate information on dementia mortality for use by both researchers and policy‐makers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.v16.S10
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.042236
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The burden of dementia and dementia due to Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, TBI, and HIV: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 : Epidemiology / Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 16, No. S10 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 16, No. S10 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: In light of the increasing trends in the global number of individuals affected by dementia and the lack of any available disease‐modifying therapies, it is necessary to fully understand and quantify the global burden of dementia. Previous efforts to quantify the relationships between dementia and stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Down syndrome, traumatic brain injury and HIV, but these analyses have remained isolated and results have not been summarized across disease topics. We estimated the proportion of dementia due to Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, clinical stroke, TBI and HIV using consistent and comparable methods, in order to better understand their contribution to the prevalence of dementia. Method Through systematic review, we obtained data on the relative risk of dementia with each condition and found sufficient evidence to estimate relative risks for all clinical conditions except HIV. We then estimated relative risks by age using a Bayesian meta‐regression tool and calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) using the estimates of relative risk and prevalence estimates for each condition from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Finally, we multiplied these estimates by dementia prevalence to calculate the number of dementia cases attributable to each condition. Result The relative risk of dementia for all four conditions decreased with age. Relative risks were highest for Down syndrome, followed by Parkinson’s disease, stroke and TBI. However, due to the high prevalence of stroke, the PAF for dementia due to stroke was highest. Overall, Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, stroke and TBI explained 9.9% (5.9 to 16.4) of the global prevalence of dementia. Conclusion Less than 10% of dementia prevalence could be explained by Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, stroke and TBI. This result emphasizes the large fraction of dementia prevalence unexplained by the four diseases examined in this analysis, and highlights the need for additional epidemiologic research exploring lifestyle risk factors and further research in the basic sciences focused on elucidating intervention approaches to prevent or delay the neuropathological changes that characterize dementia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.v16.S10
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.042280
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The estimation of the global prevalence of dementia from 1990‐2019 and forecasted prevalence through 2050: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 17, No. S10 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. S10 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Given projected increases in population growth and population aging, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase in the future. Characterizing the distribution and magnitude of the anticipated growth is critical for public health planning and prioritization of resources. This study aimed to improve on prior forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country‐level estimates and by incorporating information on trends in dementia risk factors. Method Dementia prevalence from 1990‐2019 was estimated using meta‐analytic techniques. We then forecasted dementia prevalence attributable to the three risk factors included in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (BMI, fasting plasma glucose, and smoking), using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict future risk‐attributable prevalence. Finally, using linear regression models with other dementia risk factors included as predictors, we forecasted dementia prevalence not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of changes in prevalence, population growth and population aging, we conducted decomposition analysis. Result We estimated the number of people with dementia would increase from an estimated 57.4 (50.4 to 65.1) million cases globally in 2019 to an estimated 152.8 (130.8 to 175.6) million cases in 2050. There was geographic heterogeneity in projected increases, with the highest increases observed in eastern sub‐Saharan Africa and North Africa and the Middle East. Despite large increases in the number of projected dementia cases, age‐standardized rates remained largely stable. Decomposition analysis suggested that projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population growth and aging, although the relative importance of these two factors varied by world region. Conclusion The number of individuals with dementia is expected to grow, due largely to population growth and population aging. However, heterogeneity in expected rates of growth was observed across countries, and the country‐level estimates from this study can be used to inform policy decisions around funding for research and public health planning efforts at the national and international levels. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on etiologic disease mechanisms, will be critical in addressing expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.v17.S10
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.051496
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    P1‐540: MULTIDIMENSIONAL ITEM RESPONSE THEORY (IRT) FOR SURVEY HARMONIZATION AND DEMENTIA PREVALENCE PREDICTION IN THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE (GBD) STUDY: AN EXAMPLE USING THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT SURVEY (HRS)
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 15, No. 7S_Part_9 ( 2019-07)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 15, No. 7S_Part_9 ( 2019-07)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.1145
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonization of neuropathology measures and characterization of neuropathological burden across population‐based autopsy samples
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 18, No. S5 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. S5 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Most autopsy samples are based on clinical cohorts or case series; the distribution of neuropathologies may be biased in these samples compared to the general population. A small number of population‐based neuropathology cohorts address these concerns but are often limited by small sample sizes and restrictions to specific geographic locations or groups. Harmonization would allow comparisons across settings and increases in precision of estimates. Method We leveraged data from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (N=1882), the Adult Changes in Thought study (N=721), the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (N=444), and the Cambridge City over‐75s Cohort Study (N=241). First, we identified measures in common across cohorts or a subset of cohorts and documented protocol differences. We characterized distributions of pathologies by age group (80‐89 vs. 90+) and quantified correlations between pathologies using polychoric correlations. We described overlap between pathologies for five key measures (CERAD neuritic plaques, Braak stage, macro‐ and micro‐infarcts, and Lewy body disease). Result We harmonized measures of 10 pathologies available in at least 3/4 studies (7 across all studies). Distributions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies (CERAD neuritic plaques, Braak stage) varied less across cohorts (Range [Severe CERAD]=33%); Range [Braak stage V‐VI] =22%) than distributions of vascular disease pathology such as atherosclerosis (Range [Moderate‐Severe Atherosclerosis]=51%). After meta‐analyzing correlations across studies, we found strong correlations between AD pathological features ( r =0.70,p 〈 0.001: Braak stage and CERAD neuritic plaque score) and moderate correlations between vascular features (e.g. r= 0.34,p 〈 0.001: macro‐ and micro‐infarcts). There was also evidence of small correlations between AD features and other neuropathology measures ( r =0.21,p 〈 0.001: CERAD neuritic plaque score and hippocampal sclerosis). Pooling data across cohorts, out of five key measures, 69% of the sample had two or more co‐occuring pathologies (2=39%, 3=23%, 4=6%, 5=1%). Conclusion Harmonization and data pooling was feasible across a range of measures; however, we found that measures of AD pathology appear more standardized. Higher variability in vascular measures may partly reflect a lack of standardized criteria for quantification. Strong correlations and frequent co‐occurrence between measures highlights the complexity and multi‐morbidity of the brain pathologies thought to underlie dementia in older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.v18.S5
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.059207
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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