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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
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    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 13 ( 2022-12-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-12-7)
    Abstract: Children show substantial variation in the rate of physical, cognitive, and social maturation as they traverse adolescence and enter adulthood. Differences in developmental paths are thought to underlie individual differences in later life outcomes, however, there remains a lack of consensus on the normative trajectory of cognitive maturation in adolescence. To address this problem, we derive a Cognitive Maturity Index (CMI), to estimate the difference between chronological and cognitive age predicted with latent factor estimates of inhibitory control, risky decision-making and emotional processing measured with standard neuropsychological instruments. One hundred and forty-one children from the Adolescent Development Study (ADS) were followed longitudinally across three time points from ages 11–14, 13–16, and 14–18. Age prediction with latent factor estimates of cognitive skills approximated age within ±10 months ( r = 0.71). Males in advanced puberty displayed lower cognitive maturity relative to peers of the same age; manifesting as weaker inhibitory control, greater risk-taking, desensitization to negative affect, and poor recognition of positive affect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017317
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017317.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017317.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017317.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017317.s004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13 ( 2022-12-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-12-8)
    Abstract: Earlier substance use (SU) initiation is associated with greater risk for the development of SU disorders (SUDs), while delays in SU initiation are associated with a diminished risk for SUDs. Thus, identifying brain and behavioral factors that are markers of enhanced risk for earlier SU has major public health import. Heightened reward-sensitivity and risk-taking are two factors that confer risk for earlier SU. Materials and methods We characterized neural and behavioral factors associated with reward-sensitivity and risk-taking in substance-naïve adolescents ( N = 70; 11.1–14.0 years), examining whether these factors differed as a function of subsequent SU initiation at 18- and 36-months follow-up. Adolescents completed a reward-related decision-making task while undergoing functional MRI. Measures of reward sensitivity (Behavioral Inhibition System-Behavioral Approach System; BIS-BAS), impulsive decision-making (delay discounting task), and SUD risk [Drug Use Screening Inventory, Revised (DUSI-R)] were collected. These metrics were compared for youth who did [Substance Initiators (SI); n = 27] and did not [Substance Non-initiators (SN); n = 43] initiate SU at follow-up. Results While SI and SN youth showed similar task-based risk-taking behavior, SI youth showed more variable patterns of activation in left insular cortex during high-risk selections, and left anterior cingulate cortex in response to rewarded outcomes. Groups displayed similar discounting behavior. SI participants scored higher on the DUSI-R and the BAS sub-scale. Conclusion Activation patterns in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex may serve as a biomarker for earlier SU initiation. Importantly, these brain regions are implicated in the development and experience of SUDs, suggesting differences in these regions prior to substance exposure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025259
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025259.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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