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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Market opportunities for small energy harvesters
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03010-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03010-
    Abstract: There are several small energy sources that can be exploited to provide useful energy: small temperature differences, mechanical vibrations, flow variations, latent exhausts are just some examples. The recovery of such common and small energy sources, usually wasted, for example with the conversion into useful amounts of electrical energy, is called energy harvesting. Energy harvesting allows low-power embedded devices to be powered from naturally-occurring or unwanted environmental energy (e.g. pressure or temperature difference). The main aim in the last years of researches in such field, was the increasing of the efficiency of such components, with a higher power output and a smaller size. At present, a wide range of systems incorporating energy harvesters are now available commercially, all of them specific to certain types of energy source. Energy harvesting from dissipation processes such as fluid lamination is a challenge for many different applications. In addition, control valves to dissipate overpressures are common usage of many plants and systems. This paper surveys the market opportunities of such harvesting systems, considering the trade-offs affecting their efficiency, their applicability, and ease of deployment. Particular attention will be devoted to small energy harvesters than can exploit small expansions, such as from lamination valves or to systems that can feed mini sensors from small pressure drops, promising compactness, efficiency and cost effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303010
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Review on Combining Micro Gas Turbines with Organic Rankine Cycles
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03007-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03007-
    Abstract: Current energy conversion machines such as the micro gas turbine can be improved by harvesting the low-grade energy of the exhaust. A prominent option for such is the organic Rankine cycle due to its relatively efficient and reliable design. This manuscript presents a review on the subject and is the first step toward the design of an organic Rankine cycle bottoming a 100 kWe recuperated gas turbine. After introducing and covering the historical development of the technology, appropriate guidelines for defining the cycle arrangement and selecting the fluid are presented. At last, the viability of the cycle is assessed by assuming an appropriate efficiency value and general cost functions. The organic Rankine is expected to generate an additional 16.6 kWe of power, increasing the electrical efficiency from 30 to 35%. However, the capital cost increase was estimated in 48%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303007
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Campaign Tests on a Tesla Micro-Expanders
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03015-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03015-
    Abstract: This paper presents the experimental campaign on Tesla turbo expanders carried out at Thermo-chemical Power group (TPG) of University of Genoa, Italy. An experiment system is established using compressed air as a working fluid. A 200 W turbine is tested with rotational speed up to 40000 rpm. Experimental analysis focused mainly on the efficiency features of this expander, showing the impact on performance of different disk gaps, disk thickness, discharge holes, exhaust geometry, as a function of speed and mass flow. An improved version of 3 kW air Tesla turboexpander is built. Preliminary experimental results are discussed along with the effect of number of nozzles on the performance of the turbine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303015
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An investigation of modelling parameters for surge phenomenon in axial compressors
    EDP Sciences ; 2023
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 414 ( 2023), p. 02006-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 414 ( 2023), p. 02006-
    Abstract: Axial compressors have been used in areas such as propulsion and power generation for many decades now. The development of compressors has been accompanied by the identification of gas dynamic instabilities during their operation, such as surge and stall, and the subsequent development of technologies to mitigate such problems. A widely employed lumped model for studying post stall phenomenon, usually referred to as Moore-Greitzer model, involves combining the geometric and operating parameters of the compression system into certain non-dimensional groups. In this paper, a numerical study of the different parameters affecting the surge phenomenon in axial compressors is performed. By unfurling the non-dimensional groups in the Moore-Greitzer model, the significance of the actual geometric and operational variables is identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202341402006
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance Assessment of Bladeless Micro-Expanders Using 3D Numerical Simulation
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03016-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03016-
    Abstract: This paper summarizes the development of fully 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis for bladeless air micro expander for 200 W and 3 kW rated power. Modelling of nozzle along with rotor is done using structured mesh. This analysis, for the first time, demonstrates the interaction between nozzle and rotor using compressible flow density-based solver. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model is employed to resolve wall effects on the rotor and to determine the shear stress accurately. The results illustrate the flow field inside stator and rotor along with complicated mixing zone between stator and rotor. The comparison of rotor-stator CFD simulation results is done with experiments to preliminary validate the model. The losses in the turbine are discussed with the help of experimental and numerical data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303016
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and development of a laboratory for the study of PEMFC system for marine applications
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 02020-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 02020-
    Abstract: Climate change is driving the introduction of strict emission limits in the shipping sector favoring the introduction of alternative fuels, among which hydrogen. While the storage energy density of this energy vector is a key challenge that makes way to a variety of different solutions, from fossil fuel reformers to sodium borohydride systems, fuel cell systems are generally considered among the future ideal energy converters. Nevertheless very few fuel cell marine applications are available worldwide, none of them is related to a ship application, mainly because of the high power requirements. Fuel cells are relatively new in the shipping sector, up to now no civil industrial system has been commercialized yet while military applications rely only on the U212 submarine of the Italian and German Navy. The lack of favorable niche markets coupled with the strong conservative and traditional design principles held back the investment for optimized marine systems. For this reason, present and past projects made use of conveniently adapted automotive technologies into pilot demos, with particular focus on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). However, ships requirements are largely different from automotive ones, not only for the power size that are in the range of MWs instead of kWs. On the other side, in order to take advantage of large scale production as well as of the modularity of fuel cell technology, the integrations of automotive or stationary based fuel cell subsystems, already available on the market, inside a dedicate modular marine system seems to be the solution pursued by many shipbuilders and contemplated by regulatory authorities. In hybrid system configurations, fuel cells are considered in combinations with batteries, another important technology under development, in order to take advantage of the superior energy performances of fuel cell systems and the highly power discharge dynamics of batteries. The need of fuel cell power systems for ships is pushing towards the creation of knowledge that requires laboratories able to challenge the abovementioned issues in order to give answers to shipbuilders and at a lower level also to rule makers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911302020
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two-phase flow expansion: development of an innovative test-rig for flow characterisation and CFD validation
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03017-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03017-
    Abstract: The aim of this work is to describe the design of an innovative test rig for investigating the expansion of saturated fluids in the two-phase region. The experimental test rig was thought up and built by TPG of the University of Genoa. It will be equipped by probes and some optical accesses that permit high speed video recording and laser measurements. It will be useful for the study of the quality ratio, vapour and liquid droplet thermodynamic properties and their speed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303017
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micro-turbine applied to seismology: towards a power supply safe from lightning
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03004-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03004-
    Abstract: The present work aims to suggest an innovative solution for seismic monitoring stations’ endurance. These stations are characterized by many different problems, such as lightning vulnerability, energy independence and noises disturbance. The suggested technology, for this type of application, is an improved bladeless turbo-expander patented by Nikola Tesla in the early 20 th century, the Tesla turbine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303004
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Techno-economic analysis of multipurpose OTEC power plants
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03021-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 03021-
    Abstract: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a promising technology to provide sustainable and dispatchable energy supply to oceanic coastal areas and islands. It exploits the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water in an Organic RankineCycle (ORC), guaranteeing a continuous and dispatchable electric production, overcoming one ofthe most critical issue of renewable generators such as PV or wind turbines. Despite the technological maturity of ORC application to OTEC systems, it still presents technical and economicbarriers mainly related to their economic feasibility, large initial investments as well as heavy and time demanding civil installation works. To overcome such issues, multipurpose OTEC plants are proposed, producing electrical power as well as other products, such as useful thermal power (e.g. ambient cooling) and desalinated water. Since OTEC engineering is still at a lowdegree of maturity, there are no widespread and established tools to facilitate OTEC feasibility studies and to allow performance and cost optimization. Therefore, in this paper, a new tool for techno-economic analysis and optimization of multipurpose OTEC plants is presented. Starting from a detailed database of local water temperature and depth, the approach allows to provide a quantitative insight on the achievable performance, required investment, and expected economic returns, allowing for a preliminary but robust assessment of site potential as well as plant size. After the description of the techno-economic approach and related performance and cost functions, the tool is applied to an OTEC power plant case study in the range of 1 MW gross electrical power, including a preliminary assessment of scaling-up effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911303021
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Flexibilization of Gas Turbine Combined Cycle via Heat Pump: development of control logics via Software-in-the-loop application
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 01004-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 113 ( 2019), p. 01004-
    Abstract: Flexibilization of Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) is a key for plant operations in the present as well as in the near future. The increasing of non-dispatchable sources in the energy production environment causes strong fluctuations in energy price and energy production profiles. The opportunity to enhance flexibility of traditional GTCC is consequenlty welcomed. This work focuses on integration of a Heat Pump in a GTCC devoted to cogenerative purpose with the goal to integrate energy production, assist the power plant in normal operations and enriches the transient capability of the whole compound. This approach can be developed to be retro-fitted to existing power plant. In particular, a software-in-the-loop (SiL) application is here presented to test the developed control logics governing such power plant. The power plant model is developed and runs under Siemens AMESIM environemnt, whilst the control system is developed and integrated in Matlab/Simulink environment. The two systems are intefraced and exchange information with the goal to verify reliability of the control logics before going into the real field..
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201911301004
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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