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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (19)
  • Tsai, Michael Y  (19)
  • 1
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    The −256T〉C Polymorphism in the Apolipoprotein A-II Gene Promoter Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Food Intake in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2007-06-01), p. 1144-1152
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2007-06-01), p. 1144-1152
    Abstract: Background: Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) plays an ambiguous role in lipid metabolism, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Methods: We studied the association between a functional APOA2 promoter polymorphism (−265T & gt;C) and plasma lipids (fasting and postprandial), anthropometric variables, and food intake in 514 men and 564 women who participated in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. We obtained fasting and postprandial (after consuming a high-fat meal) measures. We measured lipoprotein particle concentrations by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and estimated dietary intake by use of a validated questionnaire. Results: We observed recessive effects for this polymorphism that were homogeneous by sex. Individuals homozygous for the −265C allele had statistically higher body mass index (BMI) than did carriers of the T allele. Consistently, after multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio for obesity in CC individuals compared with T allele carriers was 1.70 (95% CI 1.02–2.80, P = 0.039). Interestingly, total energy intake in CC individuals was statistically higher [mean (SE) 9371 (497) vs 8456 (413) kJ/d, P = 0.005] than in T allele carriers. Likewise, total fat and protein intakes (expressed in grams per day) were statistically higher in CC individuals (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively). After adjustment for energy, percentage of carbohydrate intake was statistically lower in CC individuals. These associations remained statistically significant even after adjustment for BMI. We found no associations with fasting lipids and only some associations with HDL subfraction distribution in the postprandial state. Conclusions: The −265T & gt;C polymorphism is consistently associated with food consumption and obesity, suggesting a new role for APOA2 in regulating dietary intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.084863
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
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    Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ( 2024-02-07)
    Details
    In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2024-02-07)
    Abstract: Elevated small dense-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although coronary artery calcium (CAC) is widely used for predicting CVD events, few studies have examined the relationship between sd-LDL-C and CAC. Methods This study included 4672 individuals with directly-measured baseline sd-LDL-C and CAC from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (mean [SD] age: 61.9 [10.4] years; 52.5% women; 47.3% with baseline CAC [mean score & gt;0]). We used multivariable general linear models and restricted cubic splines with goodness of fit testing to evaluate the association of sd-LDL-C with the presence of CAC. Odds ratios (OR [95% CI] ) were adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, including estimated total LDL-C. Results Higher quartiles of sd-LDL-C were associated with presence of CAC, even after accounting for total LDL-C. Compared to the lowest quartile of sd-LDL-C, participants in Quartiles 2, 3 and 4 had higher odds for the presence of baseline CAC (Quartile 2 OR: 1.24 [1.00, 1.53]; Quartile 3 OR: 1.51 [1.19, 1.93] ; and Quartile 4 OR 1.59 [1.17, 2.16]). Splines suggested a quadratic curvilinear relationship of continuous sd-LDL-C with CAC after adjustment for demographics and CVD risk factors (quadratic vs. first-order sd-LDL-C terms likelihood ratio test: p=0.015), but not after accounting for total LDL-C (quadratic vs. first-order terms: p=0.156). Conclusions In a large, multi-ethnic sample without known CVD, higher sd-LDL-C was associated with the presence of CAC, above and beyond total LDL-C. Whether selective direct measurement of sd-LDL-C is indicated to refine cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention warrants further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-4873 , 2047-4881
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae049
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2646239-4
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  • 3
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    Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and the Metabolic Syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GOLDN Study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2008
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2008-01-01), p. 154-162
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2008-01-01), p. 154-162
    Abstract: Background: Different fatty acids may vary in their effect on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We tested whether fatty acid classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with the MetS or its components. Methods: Included were men [n = 497; mean (SD) age, 49 (16) years] and women [n = 539; age, 48 (16) years] from 187 families in a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) family study of the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) conducted in Utah and Minnesota. We used gas chromatography to measure erythrocyte fatty acids and obtained data on potential confounding variables from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of the MetS as defined by the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was 36.8% in Utah and 39.6% in Minnesota (P & gt;0.05). In a multivariate model that included 4 fatty acid classes, covariates, and pedigree as a random effect, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the MetS in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile of polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1.00, 0.72 (0.47–1.10), 0.67 (0.43–1.05), and 0.39 (0.24–0.64), respectively (P for trend = 0.0002). For the corresponding quartiles of saturated fatty acids, the odds ratios were 1.00, 1.19 (0.77–1.84), 1.48 (0.94–2.34), and 1.63 (1.01–2.63), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Unlike n6 fatty acids, which showed an inverse association (P & lt;0.05) with MetS, n3, trans, and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the MetS (P & gt;0.05). We observed significant correlations (P & lt;0.05) between fatty acid classes, insulin, and components of the MetS. Conclusions: Polyunsaturated fats are inversely associated with the MetS, whereas saturated fatty acids are positively associated with the MetS, probably through their effect on lipids, adiposity, insulin, and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.095059
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 4
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    Associations of Genetic Variants in ATP-Binding Cassette A1 and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Differences in Lipoprotein Subclasses in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 481-488
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 481-488
    Abstract: Background: ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) play important roles in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. The associations of ABCA1 and CETP polymorphisms with lipoprotein subclasses have not been extensively studied. Methods: We genotyped 2 ABCA1 and 5 CETP polymorphisms in 999 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and studied their associations with HDL and LDL subclass particle concentrations, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: ABCA1 and CETP polymorphisms were associated with different and distinct changes in lipoprotein subclass concentrations. The ABCA1 1051G/A AA genotype, previously found to be associated with cardioprotective effects in this cohort, was associated with a 5.5% higher concentration of small HDL particles (P = 0.024). The CETP TaqIB B2B2, −2505C/A AA, and −629C/A AA genotypes, previously demonstrated to lack cardioprotective effects, were associated with 15.2%, 15.4%, and 11.7% higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, respectively, and 36.5%, 40.7%, and 25.4% higher large HDL particle concentrations (P & lt; 0.0001). The minor alleles of the A373P and R451Q polymorphisms were associated with lower large HDL particle concentrations. Conclusions: Our study of the influence of ABCA1 and CETP genetic variants on lipoprotein subclasses demonstrates the importance of interpreting lipoprotein subclasses within the context of the biochemical processes involved in the alterations. In the case of HDL, the study of subclass particle numbers and sizes may not be sufficiently informative. Assays for HDL function may be needed to supplement quantification of HDL cholesterol and HDL particle numbers and sizes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.107995
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 5
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    APOC3 Mutation, Serum Triglyceride Concentrations, and Coronary Heart Disease
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 55, No. 7 ( 2009-07-01), p. 1274-1276
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 55, No. 7 ( 2009-07-01), p. 1274-1276
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.124669
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 6
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    Cystatin C Is an Independent Predictor of Fasting and Post-Methionine Load Total Homocysteine Concentrations among Stable Renal Transplant Recipients
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2001
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2001-07-01), p. 1263-1268
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2001-07-01), p. 1263-1268
    Abstract: Background: An increased prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease events has been reported among stable renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Preliminary studies in a small number of these individuals have shown that serum creatinine and cystatin C, both markers of kidney function and glomerular filtration rate, are independent determinants of fasting tHcy concentrations; however, determinants of tHcy concentrations after a methionine load have not been studied. Methods: We determined the prevalence of both fasting and 4-h post-methionine load (PML) tHcy concentrations in 78 stable RTRs and compared the role of cystatin C with the role of serum creatinine as determinants of fasting and PML tHcy. Results: Of the 78 RTRs, 21 (26.9%) had fasting and PML tHcy within the respective reference intervals, and 57 (73.1%) had increased plasma tHcy. Of these 57 RTRs, 22 had fasting hyperhomocysteinemia, 9 had PML hyperhomocysteinemia, and 26 had combined hyperhomocysteinemia (both fasting and PML). Unadjusted Pearson correlations showed that fasting plasma tHcy correlated with both cystatin C (r = 0.564; P & lt;0.001) and creatinine (r = 0.519; P & lt;0.001) and that increases in PML tHcy modestly correlated with cystatin (r = 0.205; P = 0.072), but not creatinine (r = 0.057; P = 0.624). General linear regression modeling with stepwise analysis of covariance showed that both cystatin C (partial R = 0.554; P & lt;0.001) and creatinine (partial R = 0.535; P & lt;0.001) were independent predictors of fasting tHcy, but of the two, only cystatin C (partial R = 0.242; P = 0.035) was an independent predictor of increased PML tHcy. Conclusions: Clinically stable RTRs have an excess prevalence of moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, and additional cases can be detected by methionine loading. Both creatinine and cystatin C are independent predictors of fasting tHcy in these individuals; however, only cystatin C is a determinant of tHcy concentration after a methionine load, probably because cystatin C is a more sensitive marker of glomerular filtration rate than serum creatinine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.7.1263
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 7
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    Interlaboratory Variation of Plasma Total Homocysteine Measurements: Results of Three Successive Homocysteine Proficiency Testing Surveys
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2002
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 48, No. 9 ( 2002-09-01), p. 1539-1545
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 48, No. 9 ( 2002-09-01), p. 1539-1545
    Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), whether measured after fasting or after a methionine load, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases. However, little information is available regarding interlaboratory variation of tHcy measurements, especially at the increased tHcy concentrations observed after loading. Methods: We conducted three Homocysteine Proficiency Testing Surveys at 6-month intervals. Sets of five plasma pools with endogenous tHcy concentrations ranging from 5 to 48 μmol/L were sent to participants. We received 11, 23, and 17 responses in the first, second, and third surveys, respectively. The following methods were used by participating laboratories: fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA); HPLC with fluorescent detection (HPLC-FD), further subdivided by type of reduction/derivatization; HPLC with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED); amino acid analyzer with ninhydrin detection; and liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: In surveys 1 and 2, no notable differences among the mean tHcy values obtained by the different methods performed were observed. In survey 3, tHcy values obtained by the FPIA method were significantly lower (P & lt;0.05) at increased tHcy concentrations (34 μmol/L) compared with values obtained by HPLC-FD regardless of reduction/derivatization agents used. Our laboratory confirmed the observation that tHcy values obtained by the FPIA method differed from those obtained by HPLC-FD at increased tHcy concentrations by reanalyzing each pool 10 times by FPIA and HPLC-FD using tributylphosphine–ammonium 7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonate (P & lt;0.001 for tHcy & gt;19 μmol/L). The mean among-method variations in surveys 1, 2, and 3 were 19%, 12%, and 9.6%, respectively. When results of the three surveys were combined, the mean among-method variation on 170 samples was 13%. Within-method variation was lowest for the FPIA method (4.4%), and ranged from 11–20% for HPLC methods. Conclusions: Various degrees of imprecision and lack of correlation among tHcy methods indicate that there is a need to improve analytical precision, decrease analytical difference, and standardize tHcy measurements among laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/48.9.1539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 8
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    Effect of Two Common Polymorphisms in the ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Gene on HDL-Cholesterol Concentration
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2005
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 51, No. 5 ( 2005-05-01), p. 907-909
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 51, No. 5 ( 2005-05-01), p. 907-909
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.047126
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 9
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    A Longitudinal Study of Plasma Glycated Albumin across Pregnancy and Associations with Maternal Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 69, No. 12 ( 2023-12-01), p. 1420-1428
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 69, No. 12 ( 2023-12-01), p. 1420-1428
    Abstract: Glycated albumin (GA) has recently been proposed as a screening marker for diabetes among non-pregnant individuals. However, data on GA during pregnancy are sparse and lacking among women of diverse race/ethnicity. We investigated longitudinal concentrations of GA among multiracial pregnant women in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons. Methods We quantified GA and cardiometabolic biomarkers using longitudinal plasma samples collected at 10 to 14, 15 to 26 (fasting), 23 to 31, and 33 to 39 gestational weeks from 214 pregnant women without gestational diabetes. We examined the distribution of GA across pregnancy and its association with participants’ characteristics including race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), and selected cardiometabolic biomarkers. GA trajectories were estimated using a latent class approach. Results Medians (interquartile range) of GA concentrations were 12.1% (10.6%–13.4%), 12.5% (10.7%–13.8%), 12.4% (10.9%–13.5%), and 11.5% (10.4%–12.5%) at 10 to 14, 15 to 26, 23 to 31, and 33 to 39 weeks, respectively. There were no significant differences in the pattern among different race/ethnic groups (P & gt; 0.53). A minority of women exhibited a GA trajectory characterized by a high concentration of GA at 15 to 26 weeks. GA concentrations were inversely related to ppBMI and plasma low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride concentrations, but were not significantly related to hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin, or glucose over pregnancy. Conclusions In this study of individuals who were normoglycemic before pregnancy, plasma GA concentrations stayed relatively constant over pregnancy, decreasing only in late pregnancy. GA concentrations were inversely related to ppBMI and suboptimal lipid profiles, but did not appear to be a sensitive marker for glucose metabolism in pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad172
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
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    C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene: Incidence and Effect of Combined Genotypes on Plasma Fasting and Post-Methionine Load Homocysteine in Vascular Disease
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2001
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2001-04-01), p. 661-666
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2001-04-01), p. 661-666
    Abstract: Background: Moderately increased plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) have been shown to be an important risk factor for vascular diseases. Two common polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, the thermolabile C677T and a more recently reported A1298C polymorphism, may contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: Using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we studied the prevalence of the C677T and A1298C MTHFR genotypes and the combined effect of these polymorphisms on plasma tHcy concentrations, as measured by HPLC with fluorometric detection, both fasting and post-methionine load (PML), in 1238 individuals. Results: The prevalences of the C677T and A1298C genotypes did not differ significantly in 772 individuals with documented coronary artery disease (CAD), 137 individuals with deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), and 329 individuals without documented vascular disease. Individuals homozygous for the 677T allele had significantly increased fasting tHcy, particularly in the presence of low folate, compared with individuals homozygous for the wild-type allele. Neither the 1298AC nor the 1298CC genotype was associated with significantly increased fasting or PML tHcy concentrations irrespective of serum folate. Of the nine combined MTHFR genotypes, six were present in & gt;10% of the population. Of these, the difference in mean fasting tHcy reached statistical significance (P & lt;0.005) only in individuals with the 677TT/1298AA genotype compared with individuals with the wild-type 677CC/1298AA genotype. Differences in mean fasting tHcy did not reach statistical significance in individuals heterozygous for both MTHFR variants. We detected two 677CT/1298CC and three 677TT/1298AC individuals; only one, an 677TT/1298AC individual, had increased tHcy (both fasting and PML). No individuals had the 677TT/1298CC genotype. Conclusions: The prevalences of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms did not differ among individuals with CAD, DVT, or those without documented vascular disease. In contrast to the C677T polymorphism, the A1298C polymorphism is not associated with increased fasting tHcy. Although the two polymorphisms usually exist in trans configuration, crossover may occur rarely to form recombinant chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.4.661
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
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