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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Association between mild anemia and physical fitness in a military male cohort: The CHIEF study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-08-01)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-08-01)
    Abstract: Anemia defined as reduced hemoglobin levels of red blood cells may carry less oxygen to skeletal muscle and impair physical performance. Previous studies have shown that exercise intolerance was related to moderate or severe anemia, however, the relationship to mild anemia was unknown. We investigated the cross-sectional association of mild anemia defined as a hemoglobin level of 10.0–13.9 g/dL with physical fitness in 3,666 military young males in Taiwan in 2014. Aerobic fitness was evaluated by 3000-meter run test, and anaerobic fitness was evaluated by 2-minute sit-ups and 2-minute push-ups, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions for the best 10% and the worst 10% performers were used to determine the relationship. There were 343 mild anemic males in whom 47.8% were microcytic anemia and 3,323 non-anemic males for the analysis. The multiple logistic regression shows that as compared with non-anemic males, mild anemic males were more likely to be the worst 10% performers in the 3000-meter run test (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.47, 1.01–2.14) after adjusting for age, service specialty, body mass index, waist size, mean blood pressure, unhealthy behaviors, lipid profiles, and exercise frequency. On the contrary, mild anemic males had higher possibility to be the best 10% performers in the 2-minute push-ups test (OR: 1.48, 1.08–2.04). However, there was no association between mild anemia and 2-minute sit-ups. Our findings suggest that unspecified mild anemia might be associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness but not with anaerobic fitness in physically active military males.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47625-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sex-Specific Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in a Military Cohort: The CHIEF Study
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2019
    In:  Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2019-04-15), p. 333-340
    Details
    In: Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2019-04-15), p. 333-340
    Abstract: The study was conducted in order to examine the sex-specific association of serum uric acid (SUA) levels with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a Taiwanese military cohort. Methods: We made a cross-sectional examination of the sex-specific relationship using 6728 men and 766 women, aged 18-50 years from a large military cohort in Taiwan. SUA levels within the reference range ( 〈 7.0 mg/dL for men and 〈 5.7 mg/dL for women respectively) were divided into quartiles and SUA levels greater than the upper reference limits were defined as hyperuricemia. Elevated ALT levels were defined as ≥40 U/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between each SUA category and elevated ALT levels in men and women, respectively. Results: The prevalence of hyperuricemia and elevated ALT in men were 18.7% and 12.7%, respectively, and in women were 3.3% and 2.1%, respectively. As compared with the lowest SUA quartile, hyperuricemia was associated with elevated ALT in men (odds ratios (OR): 1.62, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.19-2.20) after controlling for age, service specialty, body mass index, metabolic syndrome components, current cigarette smoking, alcohol intake status, and weekly exercise times, but the associations for the other SUA quartiles were null. By contrast, the associations of hyperuricemia (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.10-6.64) and the other SUA quartiles with elevated ALT were null in women. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the relationship between each SUA level and elevated ALT may differ by sex among military young adults. The mechanism for the sex difference requires further investigations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1871-5303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181129163802
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-04-27)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-04-27)
    Abstract: The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) characterized by the absence of metabolic syndrome have shown superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and similar muscular strength as compared with the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). However, this finding might be biased by the baseline sedentary behavior in the general population. This study utilized 3669 physically active military males aged 18–50 years in Taiwan. Obesity and metabolically unhealthy were respectively defined as body mass index ≥ 27.5 kg/m 2 and presence of at least two major components of the metabolic syndrome, according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Asian male adults. Four groups were accordingly classified as the metabolically healthy lean (MHL, n = 2510), metabolically unhealthy lean (MUL, n = 331), MHO (n = 181) and MUO (n = 647). CRF was evaluated by time for a 3-km run, and muscular strengths were separately assessed by numbers of push-up and sit-up within 2 min. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the difference in each exercise performance between groups adjusting for age, service specialty, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. The metabolic syndrome prevalence in MUL and MUO was 49.8% and 47.6%, respectively. The performance of CRF did not differ between MHO and MUO (892.3 ± 5.4 s and 892.6 ± 3.0 s, p  = 0.97) which were both inferior to MUL and MHL (875.2 ± 4.0 s and 848.6 ± 1.3 s, all p values  〈  0.05). The performance of muscular strengths evaluated by 2-min push-ups did not differ between MUL and MUO (45.3 ± 0.6 and 45.2 ± 0.4, p  = 0.78) which were both less than MHO and MHL (48.4 ± 0.8 and 50.6 ± 0.2, all p values  〈  0.05). However, the performance of 2-min sit-ups were only superior in MHL (48.1 ± 0.1) as compared with MUL, MHO and MUO (45.9 ± 0.4, 46.7 ± 0.5 and 46.1 ± 0.3, respectively, all p values  〈  0.05). Our findings suggested that in a physically active male cohort, the MHO might have greater muscle strengths, but have similar CRF level compared with the MUO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88728-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Sex-specific association of hyperuricemia with cardiometabolic abnormalities in a military cohort : The CHIEF study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Medicine Vol. 99, No. 12 ( 2020-03), p. e19535-
    Details
    In: Medicine, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 99, No. 12 ( 2020-03), p. e19535-
    Abstract: Hyperuricemia has been associated with metabolic syndrome, and the association with various cardiometabolic risk factors may be affected by sex. We made a cross-sectional examination in a military cohort of 6738 men and 766 women, aged 18 to 50 years of Taiwan in 2013 to 2014. Hyperuricemia were defined as serum uric acid levels ≥7.0 mg/dL for men and ≥5.7 mg/dL for women, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between hyperuricemia and various metabolic abnormalities. In the overall population, hyperuricemia was associated with high blood pressure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.59, and 95% confidence intervals: 1.42–1.77), low high-density lipoprotein (OR: 1.75, 1.56–1.97), high triglycerides (OR: 2.14, 1.90–2.42), high low-density lipoprotein (OR: 1.71, 1.51–1.93), high fasting plasma glucose (OR: 1.29, 1.13–1.48), and central obesity (OR: 2.85, 2.55–3.18) after adjusting for age and serum creatinine concentrations. However, the associations with atherogenic lipid profiles including high triglycerides and high low-density lipoprotein were merely significant in men but not in women. In addition, there was a tendency for a sex difference in the association of hyperuricemia and raised blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, which was greater in women than that in men (OR: 2.92, 1.37–6.25 and 1.54, 1.37–1.72, respectively; P for interaction = .059). Our findings suggest that the association between hyperuricemia and various cardiometabolic abnormalities in young adults may differ by sex, possibly due to a regulation of sex hormones and uneven effects of uric acid at the same levels between sexes on lipid metabolisms and arterial stiffness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7974 , 1536-5964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019535
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049818-4
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  • 5
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    Association of Single Measurement of dipstick proteinuria with physical performance of military males: the CHIEF study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  BMC Nephrology Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Nephrology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Proteinuria, a marker of kidney injury, may be related to skeletal muscle loss. Whether the severity of proteinuria is associated with physical performance is unclear. Methods We examined the association of proteinuria severity with physical performance cross-sectionally in 3357 military young males, free of chronic kidney disease, from the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed Forces (CHIEF) study in Taiwan. The grades of proteinuria were classified according to one dipstick urinalysis which were collected at morning after an 8-h fast as unremarkable (0, +/−, and 1+), moderate (2+) and severe (3+ and 4+). Aerobic physical performance was evaluated by time for a 3000-m run and anaerobic physical performance was evaluated by numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups, separately. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the relationship. Results As compared with unremarkable proteinuria, moderate and severe proteinuria were dose-dependently correlated with 3000-m running time (β: 4.74 (95% confidence intervals (CI): − 0.55, 10.02) and 7.63 (95% CI: 3.21, 12.05), respectively), and inversely with numbers of 2-min push-ups (β = − 1.13 (− 1.97, − 0.29), and − 1.00 (− 1.71, − 0.28), respectively) with adjustments for age, service specialty, body mass index, blood pressure, alcohol intake, smoking, fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and physical activity. However, there was no association between proteinuria severity and 2-min sit-ups. Conclusions Our findings show a relationship of dipstick proteinuria with aerobic physical performance and parts of anaerobic physical performance in military healthy males. This mechanism is not fully understood and requires further investigations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01948-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041348-8
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  • 6
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    Associations of decayed teeth and localized periodontitis with mental stress in young adults: CHIEF oral health study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-11-09)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-11-09)
    Abstract: The associations of mental stress with decayed teeth in children and periodontitis in old-aged adults have been described. However, the associations for young adults were not clear. This study aimed to examine the associations of decayed teeth and localized periodontitis with mental stress in young adults. This study included 334 military recruiters, aged 19–45 years in Taiwan. Mental stress was assessed by the brief symptom rating scale-5 (BSRS-5), including five domains: anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and insomnia (maximum score of 20). Those with symptomatic mental stress were defined as having BSRS-5  〉  5 (n = 34). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to determine the associations of decayed tooth numbers and periodontitis with BSRS-5, with adjustments for age, sex, education level, physical activity, body weight category and smoking status. The BSRS-5 was positively correlated with decayed tooth numbers [β: 0.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.52)]. Those who had more than two decayed teeth [odds ratio: 3.59 (1.52–8.46)] had a higher risk of symptomatic mental stress. In contrast, the correlation between BSRS-5 and localized severer periodontitis was null. Our study recommended that decayed teeth instead of localized periodontitis, was a risk factor for mental stress in young adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23958-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Psychological stress and long-term blood pressure variability of military young males: The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces study
    Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. ; 2020
    In:  World Journal of Cardiology Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-26), p. 626-633
    Details
    In: World Journal of Cardiology, Baishideng Publishing Group Inc., Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-26), p. 626-633
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1949-8462
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i12.626
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573665-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Obesity Phenotypes and Electrocardiographic Characteristics in Physically Active Males: CHIEF Study
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 8 ( 2021-10-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-10-13)
    Abstract: Background: Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) has been associated with surface electrocardiographic (ECG) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left atrial enlargement (LAE), and inferior T wave inversions (TWI) in the middle- and old-aged populations. However, the relationship between obesity phenotypes and these ECG abnormalities in physically active young adults is yet to be determined. Methods: A total of 2,156 physically active military males aged 18–50 in Taiwan were analyzed. Obesity and metabolically unhealthy status were, respectively, defined as the body mass index ≥27 kg/m 2 and the presence of metabolic syndrome based on the ATPIII criteria for Asian male adults. Four groups were classified as the metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO, n = 1,484), metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO, n = 86), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO, n = 376), and MUO ( n = 210). ECG-LVH was based on the Sokolow–Lyon and Cornell voltage criteria, ECG-LAE was defined as a notched P wave ≥0.12 s in lead II or a notch of ≥0.04 s, and inferior TWI was defined as one negative T wave axis in limb leads II, III, or aVF. Physical performance was evaluated by time for a 3-km run. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical performance was utilized to investigate the associations between obesity phenotypes and the ECG abnormalities. Results: As compared to MHNO, MUNO, MHO, and MUO were associated with lower risk of Sokolow–Lyon-based ECG-LVH [odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 0.80 (0.51–1.25), 0.46 (0.36–0.58), and 0.39 (0.28–0.53), respectively; p for trend & lt;0.001], and with greater risk of ECG-LAE [OR: 0.87 (0.44–1.72), 2.34 (1.77–3.10), and 3.02 (2.13–4.28), respectively; p for trend & lt;0.001] and inferior TWI [OR: 2.21 (0.74–6.58), 3.49 (1.97–6.19), and 4.52 (2.38–8.60), respectively; p for trend & lt;0.001]. However, no associations between obesity phenotypes and Cornell-based ECG-LVH were found. Conclusion: In physically active young males, obesity was associated with higher risk of ECG-LAE and inferior TWI, whereas the risk between obesity and ECG-LVH might vary by the ECG criteria, possibly due to a high prevalence of exercise induced-LVH in military and greater chest wall thickness in obesity. The cardiovascular prognosis of ECG-LVH in physically active obese adults requires further study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738575
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Metabolic biomarkers and long-term blood pressure variability in military young male adults
    Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. ; 2020
    In:  World Journal of Clinical Cases Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-6-6), p. 2246-2254
    Details
    In: World Journal of Clinical Cases, Baishideng Publishing Group Inc., Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-6-6), p. 2246-2254
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2307-8960
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i11.2246
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2864414-1
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  • 10
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    Prevalence and characteristics of mitral valve prolapse in military young adults in Taiwan of the CHIEF Heart Study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-02-01)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-02-01)
    Abstract: The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) among middle- and older-aged individuals is estimated to be 2–4% in Western countries. However, few studies have been conducted among Asian individuals and young adults. This study included a sample of 2442 consecutive military adults aged 18–39 years in Hualien, Taiwan. MVP was defined as displacement of the anterior or posterior leaflet of the mitral valve to the mid portion of the annular hinge point  〉  2 mm in the parasternal long-axis view of echocardiography. Cardiac chamber size and wall thickness were measured based on the latest criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography. The clinical features of participants with MVP and those without MVP were compared using a two-sample t test, and the cardiac structures were compared using analysis of covariance with adjustment for body surface area (BSA). Eighty-two participants were diagnosed with MVP, and the prevalence was 3.36% in the overall population. Compared with those without MVP, participants with MVP had a lower body mass index (kg/m 2 ) (24.89 ± 3.70 vs. 23.91 ± 3.45, p = 0.02) and higher prevalence of somatic symptoms related to exercise (11.0% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.02) and systolic click in auscultation (18.3% vs. 0.6%, p  〈  0.01). In addition, participants with MVP had greater left ventricular mass (gm) and smaller right ventricular wall thickness (mm) and dimensions (mm) indexed by BSA than those without MVP (149.12 ± 35.76 vs. 155.38 ± 36.26; 4.66 ± 0.63 vs. 4.40 ± 0.68; 26.57 ± 3.99 vs. 25.41 ± 4.35, respectively, all p-values  〈  0.01). In conclusion, the prevalence and clinical features of MVP in military young adults in Taiwan were in line with those in Western countries. Whether the novel MVP phenotype found in this study has any pathological meaning needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81648-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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