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  • American Society for Microbiology  (3)
  • Tabernero, C  (3)
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  • American Society for Microbiology  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elements distinct from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 splice sites are responsible for the Rev dependence of env mRNA
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 68, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 2986-2993
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 2986-2993
    Abstract: In the absence of the viral regulatory protein Rev, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag/pol and env mRNAs are inefficiently expressed, since nucleocytoplasmic transport, stability, and polysomal loading are impaired. It has been suggested that splicing is necessary for Rev function and that the low expression of the unspliced and intermediate spliced mRNAs in the absence of Rev is associated with specific splice sites. Previous studies identified distinct RNA elements within the gag/pol region responsible for low expression that are not associated with splice sites. Here we study the determinants for Rev dependence of the authentic env mRNA. We demonstrate that upon removal of all the utilized splice sites, the env mRNA is still Rev dependent and Rev responsive for expression in human cells. We have identified several regions within the env mRNA that inhibit expression of a gag-env hybrid mRNA. Elimination of one of these elements, located within the Rev-responsive element, did not result in virus expression, supporting our model that several independently acting elements are responsible for the downregulatory effect. By analogy to the RNA elements within the gag/pol region, we propose that elements unrelated to utilized splice sites are responsible for the posttranscriptional regulation of env mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.5.2986-2993.1994
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of an RNA sequence within an intracisternal-A particle element able to replace Rev-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 95-101
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 95-101
    Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication depends on the posttranscriptional regulation by the viral Rev protein and can be replaced with the posttranscriptional RNA control element (CTE) of the type D simian retroviruses. We have identified a sequence which shares only nucleotide sequences of the internal loops and secondary structure with the CTE and which is part of a novel murine intracisternal-A particle (IAP) retroelement, inserted within the transcribed mouse osteocalcin-related gene. This sequence, named CTE(IAP), can replace the Rev-mediated regulation of HIV-1, hence it is a posttranscriptional regulatory element. Related elements have been identified in other IAPs. These results suggest that insertional mutagenesis can affect gene expression by providing a functional posttranscriptional control element. The CTE(IAP) and CTEs of the type D simian retroviruses represent a novel class of RNA elements characterized by unique sequences within the internal loops which are predicted to represent the interaction site with cellular factor(s). These findings suggest that such elements may be involved in posttranscriptional regulation of cellular mRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.1.95-101.1997
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The posttranscriptional control element of the simian retrovirus type 1 forms an extensive RNA secondary structure necessary for its function
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 70, No. 9 ( 1996-09), p. 5998-6011
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 70, No. 9 ( 1996-09), p. 5998-6011
    Abstract: It was previously shown that a 240-nucleotide (nt) RNA element (cis-acting transactivation element [CTE]) located between the env gene and the 3' long terminal repeat of simian retrovirus type 1 (SRV-1) can functionally replace posttranscriptional activation directed by Rev and the Rev-responsive element (RRE) when inserted into a Rev- and RRE-deficient molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, resulting in efficient virus replication. Here, we analyze the molecular and structural requirements for function of this RNA element. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrated that the core element spans 173 nt. SRV-2 and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus have highly homologous elemen ts, which function similarly when inserted into the Rev/RRE-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Computer prediction indicated that the core CTEs of all three viruses have similar extensive secondary structures. Mutagenesis of the SRV-1 CTE revealed that both sequence and secondary structure are essential for function. Nuclease probing of the SRV-1 CTE further supported the genetic analysis and confirmed the predicted structural features of the RNA element. Sequence analysis of the 240-nt SRV-1 CTE, after continuous long-term propagation of the Rev-independent viruses, revealed that the genetically defined core element remained unchanged, while regions outside the core CTE underwent deletions or duplications. These data further support our in vitro mutagenesis data and demonstrate the importance of the sequence and structure of the SRV-1 CTE for appropriate function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.9.5998-6011.1996
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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