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  • Strobel, Darrell F.  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the numerical modelling of middle atmosphere tides
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 125, No. 557 ( 1999-07), p. 1825-1857
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 125, No. 557 ( 1999-07), p. 1825-1857
    Abstract: A linear, spectral, tidal model for middle atmosphere thermal tides has been developed. the spectral model is based on horizontal vorticity and divergence equations, and the vertical structure equation for the geopotential is solved with appropriate boundary conditions. Such an approach yields a stable temperature field and a consistent velocity field for the diurnal tide around the apparent singularity at latitudes of ±30°. Thermal forcing consists of solar near‐infrared heating by water vapour in the troposphere based on an accurate and efficient algorithm and the solar radiation heating by ozone and molecular oxygen in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. the calculated diurnal and semidiurnal temperatures are in good agreement with the recent temperature measurements derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Light Detection and Ranging around the midlatitude and high‐latitude stratopause where ozone heating is a major source of tidal variability. Some discrepancies between the current model output and the wind measurements derived from the High‐Resolution Doppler Imager and Wind Imaging Interferometer on board UARS still exist. A sensitivity study shows the need for improved modelling of tropospheric heating rates and parametrization of eddy diffusion coefficients in the upper mesosphere in order to reduce these discrepancies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v125:557
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712555717
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
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    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical modeling of chemical‐dynamical coupling in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D19 ( 1999-10-20), p. 23995-24011
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D19 ( 1999-10-20), p. 23995-24011
    Abstract: A two‐timescale chemical algorithm has been developed to solve photochemistry coupled with transport in the middle atmosphere. It is suggested that two continuity equations for each species be solved when transport processes prevent instantaneous chemical equilibrium. The simultaneous solutions of the two sets of equations correspond to quasi‐equilibrium and transient or forced states of all the modeled species. The chemical solver is incorporated in a two‐dimensional model to study the chemical‐dynamical coupling in the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere for different timescales in a consistent manner. New parameterizations for calculating photolysis rates in the Schumann‐Runge bands and Schumann‐Runge continuum are presented on the basis of an optimal k distribution method. Several distinct features of measured tracer distributions in the mesosphere can be simulated by the model. These include (1) the model daytime mean OH distribution with a secondary maximum in number density of ∼6.5 × 10 6 cm −3 around 70 km, (2) a semiannual oscillation in O 3 mixing ratio around 85 km that characterizes the coupling effect between the OH‐O 3 photochemistry and O transport, and (3) diurnal variations of O 3 in the mesosphere controlled by both fast varying local photochemistry and slowly varying HO x transported from below. There is no systematic underprediction of mesospheric O 3 in our model comparison with the measurements. Our model also predicts the morphology of chemical heating rate around mesopause by exothermic reactions. From 80 to 95 km the dynamically controlled atomic oxygen distribution generates a latitudinal chemical heating rate that counters the radiative heating rate gradient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900476
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Middle atmosphere age of air in a globally balanced two‐dimensional model
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 105, No. D12 ( 2000-06-27), p. 15201-15212
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. D12 ( 2000-06-27), p. 15201-15212
    Abstract: We extend the concepts of the mean age derived from the age spectrum and the age of air derived from the time lag in the middle atmosphere by specifying the tracer source gases uniformly in the lower troposphere. The concepts are illustrated by use of both a time‐independent one‐dimensional diffusive model and a globally balanced two‐dimensional middle atmosphere model. We quantitatively examine several factors that may cause the difference between the mean age and the age of air. It is found that the mean age and the age of air can differ by any amount in general for a time‐dependent transport operator. For a time‐independent transport operator the age of air derived by integrating a model for a finite time is less than the mean age. The age of air at the stratopause is about 5 to 6 years in our globally balanced two‐dimensional middle atmosphere model. In the mesosphere the age of air changes with season significantly due to the reversal of the mesospheric meridional circulation between the summer and the winter. With a chemical lifetime of SF 6 above 30 km being ∼38 years our two‐dimensional model shows no signs of overestimate of age of air for SF 6 at 30 km. It is also demonstrated that stratospheric mean age is sensitive to the horizontal mixing in the troposphere. Weak horizontal mixing in the troposphere will reduce the mean age in the upper stratosphere but increase the mean age in the high‐latitude lower stratosphere. The former is caused by diminishing the recycling of air parcels between the troposphere and stratosphere, and the latter is caused by minimizing the portion of tracers directly transported upward from the high‐latitude troposphere into the stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900230
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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    Online Resource
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