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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate mitigation potential and soil microbial response of cyanobacteria‐fertilized bioenergy crops in a cool semi‐arid cropland
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  GCB Bioenergy Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 1303-1320
    Details
    In: GCB Bioenergy, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 1303-1320
    Abstract: Bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) systems can serve as decarbonization pathways for climate mitigation. Perennial grasses are a promising second‐generation lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock for BECCS expansion, but optimizing their sustainability, productivity, and climate mitigation potential requires an evaluation of how nitrogen (N) fertilizer strategies interact with greenhouse gas (GHG) and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Furthermore, crop and fertilizer choice can affect the soil microbiome which is critical to soil organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling, and sustaining crop productivity but these feedbacks are poorly understood due to the paucity of data from certain agroecosystems. Here, we examine the climate mitigation potential and soil microbiome response to establishing two functionally different perennial grasses, switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum , C4) and tall wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum ponticum , C3), in a cool semi‐arid agroecosystem under two fertilizer applications, a novel cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBF) and urea. We find that in contrast to the C4 grass, the C3 grass achieved 98% greater productivity and had a higher N use efficiency when fertilized. For both crops, the CBF produced the same biomass enhancement as urea. Non‐CO 2 GHG fluxes across all treatments were low and we observed a 3‐year net loss of SOC under the C4 crop and a net gain under the C3 crop at a 0–30 cm soil depth regardless of fertilization. Finally, we detected crop‐specific changes in the soil microbiome, including an increased relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under the C3, and potentially pathogenic fungi in the C4 grass. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of CBF‐fertilized C3 crops as a second‐generation bioenergy feedstock in semi‐arid regions as a part of a climate mitigation strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1757-1693 , 1757-1707
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.v14.12
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495051-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Maximum carbon uptake rate dominates the interannual variability of global net ecosystem exchange
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 25, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 3381-3394
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 3381-3394
    Abstract: Terrestrial ecosystems contribute most of the interannual variability (IAV) in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations, but processes driving the IAV of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) remain elusive. For a predictive understanding of the global C cycle, it is imperative to identify indicators associated with ecological processes that determine the IAV of NEE. Here, we decompose the annual NEE of global terrestrial ecosystems into their phenological and physiological components, namely maximum carbon uptake (MCU) and release (MCR), the carbon uptake period (CUP), and two parameters, α and β, that describe the ratio between actual versus hypothetical maximum C sink and source, respectively. Using long‐term observed NEE from 66 eddy covariance sites and global products derived from FLUXNET observations, we found that the IAV of NEE is determined predominately by MCU at the global scale, which explains 48% of the IAV of NEE on average while α, CUP, β, and MCR explain 14%, 25%, 2%, and 8%, respectively. These patterns differ in water‐limited ecosystems versus temperature‐ and radiation‐limited ecosystems; 31% of the IAV of NEE is determined by the IAV of CUP in water‐limited ecosystems, and 60% of the IAV of NEE is determined by the IAV of MCU in temperature‐ and radiation‐limited ecosystems. The Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena (LPJ) model and the Multi‐scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Inter‐comparison Project (MsTMIP) models underestimate the contribution of MCU to the IAV of NEE by about 18% on average, and overestimate the contribution of CUP by about 25%. This study provides a new perspective on the proximate causes of the IAV of NEE, which suggest that capturing the variability of MCU is critical for modeling the IAV of NEE across most of the global land surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v25.10
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14731
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    A Bornean peat swamp forest is a net source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 6931-6944
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 6931-6944
    Abstract: Tropical peat forests are a globally important reservoir of carbon, but little is known about CO 2 exchange on an annual basis. We measured CO 2 exchange between the atmosphere and tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia using the eddy covariance technique over 4 years from 2011 to 2014. The CO 2 fluxes varied between seasons and years. A small carbon uptake took place during the rainy season at the beginning of 2011, while a substantial net efflux of 〉 600 g C/m 2 occurred over a 2 month period in the middle of the dry season. Conversely, the peat ecosystem was a source of carbon during both the dry and rainy seasons in subsequent years and more carbon was lost during the rainy season relative to the dry season. Our results demonstrate that the forest was a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere during every year of measurement with annual efflux ranging from 183 to 632 g C m −2  year −1 , noting that annual flux values were sensitive to gap filling methodology. This is in contrast to the typical view of tropical peat forests which must have acted as net C sinks over time scales of centuries to millennia to create the peat deposits. Path analyses revealed that the gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) were primarily affected by vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Results suggest that future increases in VPD could further reduce the C sink strength and result in additional net CO 2 losses from this tropical peat swamp forest in the absence of plant acclimation to such changes in atmospheric dryness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.12
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15332
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Land management and climate change determine second‐generation bioenergy potential of the US Northern Great Plains
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  GCB Bioenergy Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 491-509
    Details
    In: GCB Bioenergy, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 491-509
    Abstract: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has been proposed as a potential climate mitigation strategy raising concerns over trade‐offs with existing ecosystem services. We evaluate the feasibility of BECCS in the Upper Missouri River Basin (UMRB), a landscape with diverse land use, ownership, and bioenergy potential. We develop land‐use change scenarios and a switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) crop functional type to use in a land‐surface model to simulate second‐generation bioenergy production. By the end of this century, average annual switchgrass production over the UMRB ranges from 60 to 210 Tg dry mass/year and is dependent on the Representative Concentration Pathway for greenhouse gas emissions and on land‐use change assumptions. Under our simple phase‐in assumptions this results in a cumulative total production of 2,000–6,000 Tg C over the study period with the upper estimates only possible in the absence of climate change. Switchgrass yields decreased as average CO 2 concentrations and temperatures increased, suggesting the effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 was small because of its C4 photosynthetic pathway. By the end of the 21st century, the potential energy stored annually in harvested switchgrass averaged between 1 and 4 EJ/year assuming perfect conversion efficiency, or an annual electrical generation capacity of 7,000–28,000 MW assuming current bioenergy efficiency rates. Trade‐offs between bioenergy and ecosystem services were identified, including cumulative direct losses of 1,000–2,600 Tg C stored in natural ecosystems from land‐use change by 2090. Total cumulative losses of ecosystem carbon stocks were higher than the potential ~300 Tg C in fossil fuel emissions from the single largest power plant in the region over the same time period, and equivalent to potential carbon removal from the atmosphere from using biofuels grown in the same region. Numerous trade‐offs from BECCS expansion in the UMRB must be balanced against the potential benefits of a carbon‐negative energy system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1757-1693 , 1757-1707
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.v12.7
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12686
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495051-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interannual variability of ecosystem carbon exchange: From observation to prediction
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2017-11), p. 1225-1237
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2017-11), p. 1225-1237
    Abstract: Terrestrial ecosystems have sequestered, on average, the equivalent of 30% of anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions during the past decades, but annual sequestration varies from year to year. For effective C management, it is imperative to develop a predictive understanding of the interannual variability (IAV) of terrestrial net ecosystem C exchange (NEE). Location Global terrestrial ecosystems. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review to examine the IAV of NEE at global, regional and ecosystem scales. Then we outlined a conceptual framework for understanding how anomalies in climate factors impact ecological processes of C cycling and thus influence the IAV of NEE through biogeochemical regulation. Results The phenomenon of IAV in land NEE has been ubiquitously observed at global, regional and ecosystem scales. Global IAV is often attributable to either tropical or semi‐arid regions, or to some combination thereof, which is still under debate. Previous studies focus on identifying climate factors as driving forces of IAV, whereas biological mechanisms underlying the IAV of ecosystem NEE are less clear. We found that climate anomalies affect the IAV of NEE primarily through their differential impacts on ecosystem C uptake and respiration. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the carbon uptake period makes less contribution than the carbon uptake amplitude to IAV in NEE. Although land models incorporate most processes underlying IAV, their efficacy to predict the IAV in NEE remains low. Main conclusions To improve our ability to predict future IAV of the terrestrial C cycle, we have to understand biological mechanisms through which anomalies in climate factors cause the IAV of NEE. Future research needs to pay more attention not only to the differential effects of climate anomalies on photosynthesis and respiration but also to the relative importance of the C uptake period and amplitude in causing the IAV of NEE. Ultimately, we need multiple independent approaches, such as benchmark analysis, data assimilation and time‐series statistics, to integrate data, modelling frameworks and theory to improve our ability to predict future IAV in the terrestrial C cycle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.2017.26.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.12633
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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