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  • Rockefeller University Press  (18)
  • Steinberg, A D  (18)
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  • Rockefeller University Press  (18)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1987
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 166, No. 6 ( 1987-12-01), p. 1702-1715
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 166, No. 6 ( 1987-12-01), p. 1702-1715
    Abstract: The XLR gene family consists of approximately 10 X-linked genes, the expression of which is regulated in lymphocyte development. Certain members of the gene family are closely linked to the murine xid immune deficiency mutation. Sequence analysis of a cDNA clone pM1 derived from the plasmacytoma MOPC167 showed an open reading frame capable of coding for a protein of 208 amino acids and mol wt 24,000. The lack of a signal peptide or transmembrane region indicates a probable cytoplasmic or nuclear localization for the predicted pM1 protein. The predicted protein shares significant homology with lamins A and C and other members of the intermediate filament family of proteins, and shares features important for the coiled-coil structure proposed for these proteins. Analysis of cDNA clones derived from a presecretory lymphoma and from adult thymus indicates that B and T lymphocytes transcribe a common major mRNA identical to pM1, while other rare transcripts were also identified by these studies. A series of clonal T lymphoma lines representing distinct stages of thymic differentiation showed that, as with B lymphoid tumors, XLR expression is correlated with the maturation of the thymomas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1981
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 153, No. 2 ( 1981-02-01), p. 221-234
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 153, No. 2 ( 1981-02-01), p. 221-234
    Abstract: By means of a series of crosses and backcrosses, ZB.CBA/N mice were prepared bearing largely NZB autosomal genes, but having X chromosomes derived only from CBA/N mice. The CBA/N X chromosome carries a gene, xid, that is associated with the lack of a B cell subset necessary for most of the spontaneous autoantibody production by NZB mice. These ZB.CBA/N mice failed to develop autoantibodies to T cells, erythrocytes, or DNA. The availability of mice that were mostly NZB, but which failed to make autoantibodies, especially anti-T cell antibodies, allowed us to study possible T cell regulatory defects in NZB mice in the absence of either antibodies reactive with such T cells or other autoantibodies. We found that such mice had derangements of T cell regulation as did the NZB mice. These observations strongly suggest that the t cell abnormalities of NZB mice are not caused by the B cell hyperactivity of these mice, but rather represent independent defects. Thus, NZB mice appear to have primary defects in both the B cell population and the T cell population. Whether or not these are separate, or derive from a common precursor cell abnormality, remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1981
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1985
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 161, No. 6 ( 1985-06-01), p. 1344-1356
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 161, No. 6 ( 1985-06-01), p. 1344-1356
    Abstract: We have studied the interaction of C-reactive protein (CRP)-chromatin complexes with serum. The amount of chromatin solubilized by serum is directly proportional to the amount of CRP present. Serum minus C3 did not appreciably solubilize chromatin within the time allowed in these experiments regardless of the amount of CRP present. This indicates that, in addition to CRP, complement is critical to the solubilization process. Studies using genetically C2-deficient serum and purified C2 indicate that the classical complement pathway is primarily involved in the solubilization, however, there may be minor involvement by the alternative pathway. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the amounts of CRP in plasma from eight patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; two of the eight had levels of CRP far lower than previously reported for normal individuals, and an additional sample had antibodies reactive with CRP. Together, these results suggest that one of the functions of CRP is to mediate the removal of exposed nuclear DNA by complement-dependent solubilization of chromatin. A defect in this mechanism could (a) facilitate the production of antibodies against chromatin components exposed due to tissue damage or (b) contribute to immune complexes containing the chromatin components released from damaged tissue because they are not rapidly cleared.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1975
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 1975-04-01), p. 788-803
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 1975-04-01), p. 788-803
    Abstract: A study of the composition and functional properties of spleen cells from the immune deficient CBA/HN mice and their F1 progeny is reported. While abnormalities were seen in both the numbers and function of thymus-independent (B) lymphocytes, all studies involving thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes were normal. The X-linked nature of the immune defect in these mice was therefore attributed to abnormal or absent B lymphocytes. The possible nature of this defect and the similarity of the immune defect in these mice to certain human X-linked immunodeficiency diseases are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1975
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1986
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 163, No. 5 ( 1986-05-01), p. 1292-1307
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 163, No. 5 ( 1986-05-01), p. 1292-1307
    Abstract: PBMC from patients with autoimmune diseases and from normal controls were studied for the expression of several cellular oncogenes. Gene expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA obtained from leukapheresis samples. Patients with SLE expressed significantly more c-myc protooncogene RNA than did normal controls. Increased expression of the N-ras protooncogene was found in that subset of patients whose autoimmune disease was very active. Cells from individuals with SLE, but not from those with other autoimmune illnesses, showed significantly decreased levels of the c-myb and c-fos protooncogenes. To examine the implications of these findings, B and T cells were purified from apheresis samples donated by normal volunteers. When mitogen was used to activate the B cells in vitro, their pattern of protooncogene expression changed to resemble that found in freshly isolated cells from lupus patients. These results suggest that the differences detected in the expression of protooncogenes by patients with SLE may be due to the abnormal activation of their B cells in vivo. The pattern of protooncogene expression found in patients with other autoimmune illnesses is consistent with the activation of additional cell types in those diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1982
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 155, No. 4 ( 1982-04-01), p. 1025-1036
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 155, No. 4 ( 1982-04-01), p. 1025-1036
    Abstract: NZB mice manifest a defect in tolerance induction by deaggregated heterologous gamma globulins. We have used an adoptive transfer system to study the defect. Thymectomized, intact, or thymectomized recipients given thymic epithelial grafts were studied after lethal irradiation and reconstitution with NZB, DBA/2, or (NZB x DBA(F1 marrow depleted of mature T cells. NZB thymocytes were responsible for the tolerance defect of NZB mice. The information for the defect was present in the NZB marrow prethymocyte. That defect could only be expressed when there was further maturation in association with a thymus. However, the normal DBA/2 thymic epithelium served as well as the abnormal NZB thymic epithelium. These studies resolve existing conflicts as to whether the NZB marrow or thymus is responsible for the loss of tolerance in association with autoimmunity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1979
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 150, No. 1 ( 1979-07-01), p. 31-43
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 150, No. 1 ( 1979-07-01), p. 31-43
    Abstract: NZB mice and their F1 hybrids produce excessive polyclonal IgM and autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG classes. CBA/N mice and CBA/N-mothered F1 males fail to make antibody to many T-independent antigens and have low levels of serum IgM; further, these mice lack a population of splenic B cells characterized by a low-to-intermediate density of surface IgM. We have studied male CBA/N, NZB, CBA/N X NZB, NZB X CBA/N, and CBA/J mice; female CBA/N X NZB mice; and males of several control crosses of NZB and CBA/N mice. We have found that the CBA/N X-linked defect of T-independent immune response is completely expressed in CBA/N X NZB mice. In marked contrast to NZB mice and to NZB mice and to NZB F1 hybrids bearing at least one normal X chromosome, the CBA/N X NZB males failed to respond to two T-independent antigens, had small numbers of splenic IgM-producing cells, barely detectable splenic IgM production, and splenic B-cell surface-Ig patterns resembling those of CBA/N mice. These data suggest that the NZB B-cell abnormality resulting in excessive IgM production occurs almost exclusively in that population of B cells affected by the CBA/N X chromome-linked defect. Preliminary studies suggest that CBA/N X chromosome retards the spontaneous development of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies in CBA/N X NZB males. Castration, known to accelerate autoimmune disease in certain NZB F1 males, appears to have no influence on the immune functions examined in this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1987
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 165, No. 6 ( 1987-06-01), p. 1755-1760
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 165, No. 6 ( 1987-06-01), p. 1755-1760
    Abstract: The number of B cells producing antibodies reactive with any of seven autoantigens or two conventional antigens was compared at the single-cell level to the total number of Ig-secreting B cells present in the spleens of NZB, MRL lpr/lpr, and BXSB autoimmune mice. The proportion of lymphocytes producing antibodies of each specificity, expressed as a percentage of the total B cell repertoire, was virtually identical among autoimmune and congenic nonautoimmune animals. Furthermore, B cells and serum antibodies reactive with conventional antigens increased commensurately with those reactive with autoantigens. These results indicate that systemic autoimmune diseases arise from polyclonal B cell activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1987
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 166, No. 1 ( 1987-07-01), p. 271-276
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 166, No. 1 ( 1987-07-01), p. 271-276
    Abstract: This study demonstrates a profound elevation of NK activity, as measured by cytotoxicity to YAC-1 targets in a 4-h incubation 51Cr-release assay, of freshly isolated hepatic NPC from both MRL/lpr and (NZB X NZW)F1 mice. This marked increase was not observed in splenic or peripheral blood NK. The hepatic NK were nonadherent, radioresistant, Ly-1-,2-, and AGM1+. Furthermore, biologic response modifiers can further augment hepatic NK activity in these autoimmune strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1980
    In:  The Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 152, No. 3 ( 1980-09-01), p. 748-753
    In: The Journal of experimental medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 152, No. 3 ( 1980-09-01), p. 748-753
    Abstract: Cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses of unprimed NZB spleen cells peaked on day 4 of culture as did cells from primed NZB or BALB/c mice. In contrast, primary BALB/c and DBA/2 responses peaked on day 6 of culture. Thus, NZB CTL generation was similar to the accelerated in vitro generation of CTL from the spleen cells of alloantigen-primed NZB and BALB/c mice. To evaluate the kinetics of these CTL responses, multiple-time-point analyses were performed during the initial 90 min of the 51Cr-release assays. Analyses were done on days 4 and 6. On day 4, NZB CTL had an initial velocity of lysis slightly greater than that of BALB/c or DBA/2 CTL; however, it was far less than that of secondary NZB and secondary BALB/c CTL. These studies indicate that NZB mice can generate primary CTL responses at an accelerated rate. Such augmented primary responses are unique and may explain recently described abnormal NZB T cell recognition as well as resistance of NZB CTL to suppressor signals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1007 , 1540-9538
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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