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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha Levels in Epileptic and Healthy Women Preconceptionally and throughout Pregnancy
    S. Karger AG ; 1999
    In:  Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 1999), p. 89-92
    Details
    In: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, S. Karger AG, Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 1999), p. 89-92
    Abstract: We studied plasma GSTA1-1 concentrations in preconceptionally recruited epileptic women who received antiepileptic drugs (n = 99) and a control group of healthy women (n = 106). Mean plasma GSTA1-1 concentrations in the control group did not show significant changes preconceptionally and throughout pregnancy. Six weeks postpartum, however, a significant increase in the mean plasma GSTA1-1 concentration (p 〈 0.001) was found as compared to preconceptional levels and levels during pregnancy. The mean plasma GSTA1-1 concentration in epileptic women was significantly higher in the 4th gestational week compared to those determined in healthy pregnant women (1.68 versus 1.08 μg/l, p 〈 0.001). Values between the groups in the second and third trimester and postpartum period showed no significant differences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-7346 , 1423-002X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000010146
    RVK:
    XA 45603
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482695-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Susceptibility to Pre-Eclampsia Is Associated with Multiple Genetic Polymorphisms in Maternal Biotransformation Enzymes
    S. Karger AG ; 2007
    In:  Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation Vol. 63, No. 4 ( 2007), p. 209-213
    Details
    In: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, S. Karger AG, Vol. 63, No. 4 ( 2007), p. 209-213
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 Probably no single gene is responsible for pre-eclampsia, but the disease merely is the result of polymorphisms in several genes in association with environmental factors. We therefore studied the simultaneous occurrence of several genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes in women who had developed pre- eclampsia, either with or without the HELLP syndrome, in comparison with healthy controls. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 The results of two previous studies on genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases P1, M1 and T1, epoxide hydrolase (EPHX) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in 167 women with a history of pre-eclampsia and in 110 controls were combined. χ 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 analyses were used for statistical evaluation of the number of polymorphisms between cases and controls. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 There was a significant association with the number of genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes, pointing at an increased toxification or decreased detoxification, in women with a history of pre-eclampsia, as compared to healthy controls (p 〈 0.001). 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Women withthe simultaneous occurrence of two or more genetic polymorphisms in the above-mentioned biotransformation enzymes, most probably resulting in a disturbed detoxification capacity, may be at increased risk for pre-eclampsia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-7346 , 1423-002X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000097987
    RVK:
    XA 45603
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Increased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cardiac Structures of Fetus with Hydrops as Compared to Nonhydropic Controls
    S. Karger AG ; 2006
    In:  Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 84-91
    Details
    In: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, S. Karger AG, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 84-91
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 The hypothesis that severe fetal hydrops is caused by an excess of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mainly produced in the fetal heart, is tested. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Immunohistochemical VEGF-stained postmortem biopsies from the right ventricle and right atrium of 8 hydropic fetuses were compared to those of 8 nonhydropic fetuses. The endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, endothelium, and vascular smooth muscle cells were scored on intensity of VEGF-staining. The Mann-Witney test was used to test for significancy (p 〈 0.05) of the differences in staining. Increased vascularization as a result of VEGF was measured in both groups by standard randomization count. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The endocardium, epicardium and endothelium of the coronary vessels showed significantly (p 〈 0.05) more intense VEGF-staining in the hydrops group than in the control group. The atria showed more intense staining than the ventricles in both groups. The hydropic fetuses showed a significantly increased number of coronary vessels in the myocardium. These vessels contained more blood cells than the coronary vessels in nonhydropic fetuses. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 The fetal heart appears to be a major source of excess VEGF in fetal hydrops.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1015-3837 , 1421-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000089055
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482292-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Determining Pre-Conception Risk Profiles Using a National Online Self-Reported Risk Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Public Health Genomics Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2015), p. 204-215
    Details
    In: Public Health Genomics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2015), p. 204-215
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Aim: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 To measure the prevalence of health risk factors in women who are preparing for pregnancy, using an online publicly available questionnaire aimed at identifying personal and pre-conception risks and at providing tailored information. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A nation-wide available, free, web-based, self-reported questionnaire for pre-conception use (in Dutch). Between May 2006 and August 2009, 89,946 questionnaires were completed (78,732 were from unique respondents) and available for research purposes, from which those of non-pregnant women (n = 66,617) were selected. Socio-demographic subgroups were distinguished by age, ethnicity, urban living area and living in a deprived neighbourhood. The four pre-conception risk domains were lifestyle, medical, reproductive and family history; together they were defining the risk profile. & #x03C7; 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 tests were used to compare the risk profiles among the subgroups. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The prevalences of the reported risk factors are given. The risk factor profiles revealed that the average, responding, non-pregnant, Dutch woman is exposed to a substantial number of risk factors. Different risk profiles were observed in the different socio-demographic subgroups. Women older than 36 years, of non-Western origin, living in urban areas and those in deprived neighbourhoods showed higher risk profiles, based on a larger number of risks, with significantly higher prevalences. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Self-reported data from a large, self-selected, non-pregnant population who actively visited a web-site for reproductive information suggest the need for active general pre-conception care as risk factors were abundant. A considerable increase in attention for pre-conception care is justified; different subpopulations most likely require adapted approaches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4246 , 1662-8063
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000381449
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2457026-6
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Validation of the Dutch Short Form of the State Scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Considerations for Usage in Screening Outcomes
    S. Karger AG ; 2003
    In:  Public Health Genomics Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2003), p. 84-87
    Details
    In: Public Health Genomics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2003), p. 84-87
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 To validate the six-item short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for usage in screening outcomes in a Dutch population receiving preconception counseling. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Men and women completed the 20-item full form of the STAI before (n = 310) and after preconception counseling (n = 147). Prorated scores of the six-item form were compared to the full form using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and paired t tests. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Cronbach’s α for the Dutch translation of the short-form of the STAI-state was 0.83. The short form highly correlates with the full form (r = 0.95). The short form was able to discriminate between different levels of anxiety and was sensitive to change. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 The Dutch translation of the short form of the STAI-state has good reliability and validity and was found to be useful as a quick tool to evaluate the effectiveness of screening programs on anxiety levels. We believe our results will be applicable to other populations, although this needs to be confirmed in other studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4246 , 1662-8063
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000073003
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 6
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    The Past and Present Practices and Continuing Controversies of Preconception Care
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Public Health Genomics Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2002), p. 50-60
    Details
    In: Public Health Genomics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2002), p. 50-60
    Abstract: Preconception care, a long-established concept for primary prevention of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality through detection and reduction of modifiable risks, has been widely propagated for the last decades. This article provides an overview of the various goals and practices described in the literature in different parts of the world, including issues and controversies pertaining to the provision and implementation of preconception care in different health care settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4246 , 1662-8063
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000064631
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 7
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    Fetal Growth Influences Lymphocyte Subset Counts at Birth: The Generation R Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2009
    In:  Neonatology Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 149-156
    Details
    In: Neonatology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 149-156
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Preterm born and low-birth-weight infants are at risk for severe infections in infancy. It has been suggested that these infants have an immature immune system. 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 To assess the associations of gestational age, birth weight and fetal growth with absolute lymphocyte subset counts at birth. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 This study was conducted in 571 infants participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards. Gestational age and birth weight were obtained from midwives and hospital registries. Fetal growth was defined as increase in weight between late pregnancy and birth. Lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subset counts in cord blood were determined by 6-color flow cytometry. Multivariate linear regression models with adjustment for gender, maternal education, smoking, alcohol use, fever and mode of delivery were applied. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Per week increase of gestational age, T, B and NK lymphocyte counts increased with 3, 5 and 6%, respectively (p 〈 0.05). Helper, cytotoxic and naive T lymphocyte counts increased with 3, 4 and 5%, respectively (p 〈 0.05), but memory T lymphocyte counts did not. Increased birth weight and fetal growth were significantly associated with higher B lymphocyte counts, independent of gestational age, but not with the other lymphocyte subset counts. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Lymphocyte subset counts increase with prolonged gestation, suggesting an ongoing development of the immune system. Birth weight and fetal growth seem to influence only B lymphocyte counts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1661-7800 , 1661-7819
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000153099
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403535-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Insulin VNTR and IGF-1 Promoter Region Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Body Composition in Early Childhood: The Generation R Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2010
    In:  Hormone Research in Paediatrics Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2010), p. 120-127
    Details
    In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2010), p. 120-127
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 The objective of this study was to examine the associations between insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats ( 〈 i 〉 INS 〈 /i 〉 VNTR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 〈 i 〉 (IGF1) 〈 /i 〉 gene promoter region polymorphisms with body composition in early childhood. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 This study was embedded in an ongoing prospective cohort study. Growth in early childhood (body mass index, total subcutaneous fat mass and waist-hip ratio) was assessed at birth and at the ages of 6 weeks and 24 months. DNA for genotyping was available in 738 children. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The genotype distribution of the 〈 i 〉 INS 〈 /i 〉 VNTR gene was I/I 50.4%, I/III 40.4%, and III/III 9.2%. 〈 i 〉 IGF1 〈 /i 〉 genotypes were categorized in the following categories based on their 192-bp allele: homozygous (wild-type) 43.1%, heterozygous 45.8%, and noncarrier 11.2%. No differences were found in body mass index, total subcutaneous fat mass and waist-hip ratio in early childhood between the three groups for both the 〈 i 〉 INS 〈 /i 〉 VNTR and 〈 i 〉 IGF1 〈 /i 〉 genotypes. We also did not find interactions between these genotypes and gender or birth weight on the effects of body composition measures. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Our results do not support previous studies showing associations between 〈 i 〉 INS 〈 /i 〉 VNTR and 〈 i 〉 IGF1 〈 /i 〉 promoter region polymorphisms with body composition in early childhood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-2818 , 1663-2826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000277631
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2540224-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychological Impact of Preconception Counseling: Assessment of Anxiety before and during Pregnancy
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Public Health Genomics Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2001), p. 129-133
    Details
    In: Public Health Genomics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2001), p. 129-133
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 Assessment of anxiety levels in women and men before and after preconception counseling and during the first trimester of pregnancy. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Couples were recruited from the fertility clinic of the University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Anxiety was assessed using the 40-item Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 53 women and 51 men (74%) completed the STAI both before and after counseling. Anxiety levels did not change significantly after counseling or during the first trimester of pregnancy. 83.4% would recommend preconception counseling to others. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Preconception counseling is valued by the majority of women and men and does not lead to adverse psychological effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4246 , 1662-8063
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000051172
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 10
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    Fetal Growth and Placental Growth Factor Umbilical Cord Blood Levels
    S. Karger AG ; 2018
    In:  Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy Vol. 43, No. 1 ( 2018), p. 26-33
    Details
    In: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, S. Karger AG, Vol. 43, No. 1 ( 2018), p. 26-33
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We assessed whether umbilical cord blood placental growth factor (PlGF) levels at delivery are associated with fetal growth. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 From a prospective population-based cohort study we included 3,461 live singleton births. Fetal growth was assessed by birth weight, fetal growth pattern, and fetal growth restriction (FGR; decrease in growth between the second trimester and birth of ≥40 percentiles). In all analyses the highest PlGF multiple of the median (MoM) quintile was used as the reference category. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Umbilical cord PlGF was neither correlated with maternal second-trimester PlGF ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.08) nor placental weight ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.18), suggesting that PlGF from umbilical cord blood was of fetal origin. Lower PlGF MoM quintiles were associated with a lower birth weight (lowest quintile -0.60 standard deviation [95% confidence interval -0.71 to -0.48, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 for trend 〈 0.001]) and a different fetal growth pattern ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 〈 0.001). Finally, lower PlGF MoM quintiles were associated with FGR (lowest quintile odds ratio 2.00 [95% confidence interval 1.25 to 3.21, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 for trend 〈 0.001]). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Lower umbilical cord PlGF levels are associated with lower birth weight, deviating fetal growth patterns, and a higher odds of FGR. Hence, cord blood PlGF might be a promising biomarker to determine deviations in fetal growth and FGR retrospectively, enabling follow-up of these neonates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1015-3837 , 1421-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000475547
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2018
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