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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bacteriological Effects of Dentifrices with and without Active Ingredients of Natural Origin
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 80, No. 20 ( 2014-10-15), p. 6490-6498
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 80, No. 20 ( 2014-10-15), p. 6490-6498
    Abstract: Compounds of natural origin are increasingly used as adjuncts to oral hygiene. We have adopted four distinct approaches to assess the antibacterial activity of dentifrices containing natural active ingredients against oral bacteria in several test systems. Corsodyl Daily (CD), Kingfisher Mint (KM), and Parodontax fluoride (PF) were compared to a dentifrice containing fluoride (Colgate Cavity Protection [CCP]) and one containing triclosan (Colgate Total [CT] ). The growth inhibitory and bactericidal potency of the formulations were determined for 10 isolated oral bacteria. Effects of single exposures of simulated supragingival plaques were then determined by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy, while the effects of repeated exposures were quantified by viable counting. Additionally, dense plaques, maintained in continuous culture, were repeatedly dosed, and the outcome was assessed by viable counting and eubacterial DNA profiling. The test dentifrices exhibited variable specificity and potency against oral bacteria in axenic culture. Of the herbal formulations, KM caused the largest viability reductions in simulated supragingival plaques, with CT causing the greatest reductions overall. Following single exposures, CD caused moderate reductions, while PF had no effect. After multiple dosing, all formulations significantly reduced numbers of total, facultative, and Gram-negative anaerobes, but only KM and CT caused greater reductions than the fluoride control. KM also reduced counts of streptococci (rank order of effectiveness: CT 〉 KM 〉 CCP 〉 PF 〉 CD). Marked changes in eubacterial DNA profiles were not detected for any herbal formulation in dense plaques, although KM markedly reduced viable counts of streptococci, in agreement with supragingival data. While both nonherbal comparators displayed antibacterial activity, the triclosan-containing formulation caused greater viability reductions than the herbal and nonherbal formulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02315-14
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arginine Exposure Decreases Acidogenesis in Long-Term Oral Biofilm Microcosms
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  mSphere Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2017-08-30)
    Details
    In: mSphere, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2017-08-30)
    Abstract: Arginine is an important pH-elevating agent in the oral cavity. It has been incorporated in oral hygiene formulations to mitigate sensitivity and to prevent caries. In this investigation, the effects of sustained arginine dosing of dental plaque microcosms on bacteriological composition and pH were evaluated under controlled conditions. Plaque microcosms were established in constant-depth film fermentors (CDFFs) using salivary inocula and fed continuously with artificial saliva. To simulate resting and cariogenic states, the CDFFs were supplemented with sterile water or 5% sucrose, respectively. Plaques were then dosed twice daily with a dentifrice with 1.5% arginine arginine added (DA) or without arginine (DN). This regimen continued for over 3 weeks, after which fermentors were maintained without dosing. Microcosms were analyzed by differential viable counting, with a pH microelectrode, and by eubacterial DNA profiling. Sucrose dosing was associated with significantly ( P 〈 0.001) decreased pH, significantly ( P 〈 0.05) increased counts of total aerobes, Gram-negative anaerobes, aciduric species, acidogenic species, arginine utilizing species, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and streptococci, and significant ( P 〈 0.05) changes in DNA profiles. Plaques dosed with DA had a significantly ( P 〈 0.001) higher pH than those dosed with DN, with or without sucrose supplementation. Dosing with DA but not DN significantly ( P 〈 0.05) decreased counts of all functional bacterial groups apart from the total anaerobes in cariogenic plaques, and in resting plaques, dosing with DA significantly ( P 〈 0.05) decreased counts of streptococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and acidogenic bacteria. In summary, sustained exposure of oral microcosms to arginine in formulation significantly increased plaque pH and significantly reduced the viability of cariogenic bacterial species. IMPORTANCE Arginine is used in dental health formulations to help prevent dental cavities. This study assessed the effects of the long-term dosing of laboratory dental plaques with an arginine dentifrice. Data indicate that the addition of arginine dentifrice during sucrose challenge significantly increased plaque pH, thus potentially mitigating cariogenesis. Counts of several functional groups of bacteria associated with tooth decay were significantly decreased in the laboratory plaques during exposure to the arginine dentifrice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-5042
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00295-17
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844248-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An in vitro evaluation of hydrolytic enzymes as dental plaque control agents
    Microbiology Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2009-04-01), p. 482-491
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2009-04-01), p. 482-491
    Abstract: The plaque-control potential of commercially available amylase, lipase and protease was evaluated by observing their effects on coaggregation and on bacterial viability within various plaque microcosms. A quantitative coaggregation assay indicated that protease significantly inhibited the extent of coaggregation of Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus oralis ( P 〈 0.05) and of Porphyromonas gingivalis and S. oralis . Amylase significantly ( P 〈 0.05) increased the coaggregation of A. naeslundii versus Fusobacterium nucleatum and A. naeslundii versus P. gingivalis . Concomitant challenge of constant-depth film fermenter-grown plaques with the enzymes did not result in detectable ecological perturbations (assessed by differential culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Similar dosing and analysis of multiple Sorbarod devices did not reveal increases in bacterial dispersion which could result from disaggregation of extant plaques. A short-term hydroxyapatite colonization model was therefore used to investigate possible enzyme effects on early-stage plaque development. Whilst culture did not indicate significant reductions in adhesion or plaque accumulation, a vital visual assay revealed significantly increased aggregation frequency following enzyme exposure. In summary, although hydrolytic enzymes negatively influenced binary coaggregation, they did not cause statistically significant changes in bacterial viability within plaque microcosms. In contrast, enzyme exposure increased aggregation within extant plaques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2615 , 1473-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.006601-0
    RVK:
    XA 55020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083944-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the specificity and effectiveness of selected oral hygiene actives in salivary biofilm microcosms
    Microbiology Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol. 59, No. 12 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1462-1468
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 59, No. 12 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1462-1468
    Abstract: The microbiological effects of biocidal products used for the enhancement of oral hygiene relate to the active compound(s) as well as other formulation components. Here, we test the specificities of selected actives in the absence of multiple excipients. Salivary ecosystems were maintained in tissue culture plate-based hydroxyapatite disc models (HDMs) and modified drip-flow biofilm reactors (MDFRs). Test compounds stannous fluoride (SF), SDS, triclosan (TCS), zinc lactate (ZL) and ZL with SF in combination (ZLSF) were delivered to the HDMs once and four times daily for 6 days to MDFRs. Plaques were characterized by differential viable counting and PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). TCS and SDS were the most effective compounds against HDM plaques, significantly reducing total viable counts ( P 〈 0.05), whilst SF, ZL and ZLSF were comparatively ineffective. TCS exhibited specificity for streptococci ( P 〈 0.01) and Gram-negative anaerobes ( P 〈 0.01) following a single dosing and also on repeated dosing in MDFRs. In contrast to single exposures, multiple dosing with ZLSF also significantly reduced all bacterial groups, whilst SF and ZL caused significant but transient reductions. According to PCR–DGGE analyses, significant ( P 〈 0.05) reductions in eubacterial diversity occurred following 6 day dosing with both TCS and ZLSF. Concordance of MDFR eubacterial profiles with salivary inocula ranged between 58 and 97 %. TCS and ZL(SF) exhibited similar specificities to those reported for formulations. TCS was the most potent antibacterial, after single and multiple dosage regimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2615 , 1473-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.024372-0
    RVK:
    XA 55020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083944-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Visualization and Quantification of the Oral Hygiene Effects of Brushing, Dentifrice Use, and Brush Wear Using a Tooth Brushing Simulator
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 7 ( 2019-5-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 7 ( 2019-5-8)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00091
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modulation of Biofilm Formation and Permeability in Streptococcus mutans during Exposure To Zinc Acetate
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-04-13)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-04-13)
    Abstract: The penetration of biofilms by antimicrobials is a potential limiting factor in biofilm control. This is relevant to oral health, as compounds that are used to control microbial growth and activities could also affect the permeability of dental plaque biofilm with secondary effects on biofilm tolerance. We investigated the effects of zinc salts on the permeability of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Biofilms were grown with low concentrations of zinc acetate (ZA), and a transwell transportation assay was applied to test biofilm permeability in an apical-basolateral direction. Crystal violet assays and total viable counts were used to quantify the biofilm formation and viability, respectively, and short time frame diffusion rates within microcolonies were determined using spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA). While the diffusion rates within biofilm microcolonies were not significantly altered, exposure to ZA significantly increased the overall permeability of S. mutans biofilms ( P 〈 0.05) through decreased biofilm formation, particularly at concentrations above 0.3 mg/mL. Transport was significantly lower through biofilms grown in high sucrose conditions. IMPORTANCE Zinc salts are added to dentifrices to improve oral hygiene through the control of dental plaque. We describe a method for determining biofilm permeability and show a moderate inhibitory effect of zinc acetate on biofilm formation, and that this inhibitory effect is associated with increases in overall biofilm permeability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02527-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simultaneous Assessment of Acidogenesis-Mitigation and Specific Bacterial Growth-Inhibition by Dentifrices
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2016
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2016-2-16), p. e0149390-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2016-2-16), p. e0149390-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149390
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149390.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149390.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149390.g003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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