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  • MDPI AG  (11)
  • Song, Xiaoming  (11)
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  • MDPI AG  (11)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Evolutionary and Expression Pattern Analysis of AKR Genes Shed New Light on GalUR Functional Characteristics in Brassica rapa
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2020-08-20), p. 5987-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2020-08-20), p. 5987-
    Abstract: The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily plays a major role in oxidation-reduction in plants. D-galacturonic acid reductase (GalUR), an ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthetic enzyme, belongs to this superfamily. However, the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history of the AKR gene family in plants has not yet been clarified. In this study, a total of 1268 AKR genes identified in 36 plant species were used to determine this phylogenetic relationship. The retention, structural characteristics, and expression patterns of AKR homologous genes in Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana were analyzed to further explore their evolutionary history. We found that the AKRs originated in algae and could be divided into A and B groups according to the bootstrap value; GalURs belonged to group A. Group A AKR genes expanded significantly before the origin of angiosperms. Two groups of AKR genes demonstrated functional divergence due to environmental adaptability, while group A genes were more conservative than those in group B. All 12 candidate GalUR genes were cloned, and their expression patterns under stress were analyzed, in Pak-choi. These genes showed an obvious expression divergence under multiple stresses, and BrcAKR22 exhibited a positive correlation between its expression trend and AsA content. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution of the AKR superfamily and help build a foundation for further investigations of GalUR’s functional characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175987
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biological System Responses of Dairy Cows to Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Revealed with Metabolomic Changes in Multiple Biofluids
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Toxins Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 77-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 77-
    Abstract: Research on mycotoxins now requires a systematic study of post-exposure organisms. In this study, the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on biofluids biomarkers were examined with metabolomics and biochemical tests. The results showed that milk concentration of aflatoxin M1 changed with the addition or removal of AFB1. AFB1 significantly affected serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malon dialdehyde (MDA), SOD/MDA, and the total antioxidant capacity. Significant differences of volatile fatty acids and NH3-N were detected in the rumen fluid. Eighteen rumen fluid metabolites, 11 plasma metabolites, and 9 milk metabolites were significantly affected by the AFB1. These metabolites are mainly involved in the pathway of amino acids metabolism. Our results suggest that not only is the study of macro-indicators (milk composition and production) important, but that more attention should be paid to micro-indicators (biomarkers) when assessing the risks posed by mycotoxins to dairy cows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020077
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bilateral Effects of the Digital Economy on Manufacturing Employment: Substitution Effect or Creation Effect?
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-09), p. 14647-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-09), p. 14647-
    Abstract: Understanding the substitution effect and creation effect of digital transformation on the manufacturing industry is crucial to safeguarding employment stability and advancing manufacturing sophistication in China’s contemporary context. In this study, a bilateral stochastic frontier model is used to examine the aforementioned effects drawing on provincial panel data of China spanning 2011 to 2020. The study reveals that: Firstly, the substitution effect of digital economy development on manufacturing employment outweighs the creation effect, culminating in a 7.80% decrease below the frontier benchmark, contrasted by a 4.15% increase attributed to the creation effect. The two effects possess an inverse relationship, collectively inducing a 3.66% decline in manufacturing employment as compared to the frontier. Secondly, the prevailing influence of the digital economy upon manufacturing employment is predominantly characterized by the substitution effect. However, projected medium to long term trajectories intimate a diminishing potency of this substitution effect and the creation effect will become more pronounced. Thirdly, in terms of geographical areas, the weakening of the employment-substitution effect due to the digital economy is most evident in the central region, followed by the western, and then the eastern regions. Conclusively, the impact of the digital economy on manufacturing employment exhibits variances contingent upon distinct economic maturation and disparate human capital stratification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151914647
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Economy, Environmental Regulation, and Ecological Well-Being Performance: A Provincial Panel Data Analysis from China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-19), p. 11801-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-19), p. 11801-
    Abstract: China is currently in a strategic opportunity period for green and high-quality development, and developing the digital economy is an important choice to achieve environmental pollution control, improve regional ecological efficiency, and enhance social welfare. In this context, the impact of the digital economy on ecological well-being performance and the role of environmental regulation need to be examined. In this study, the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model was used to measure the level of ecological well-being performance in 30 provinces of China from 2011 to 2019. On this basis, the mediating effect model and spatial Durbin model were adopted to explore the transmission mechanism and regional heterogeneity of the impact of the digital economy on ecological well-being performance. The empirical results show that the digital economy significantly contributes to regional ecological well-being performance in China, and there is significant spatial spillover as well. Moreover, the findings still hold under robustness tests. The results also show that environmental regulation is an important transmission path for the digital economy to enhance regional ecological well-being performance, and the impact of environmental regulation on ecological well-being performance varies by region; specifically, the impact in eastern China is positive but not significant. However, the digital economy plays a significant positive role in promoting ecological well-being performance in the central and western regions, and is more obvious in the central region. Finally, suggestions are put forward to enhance the role of the digital economy in regional ecological well-being performance, which is of great significance for promoting green economic growth and high-quality development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811801
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Iron-Based Catalyst with Multiple Active Components Synergetically Improved Electrochemical Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2018-06-07), p. 243-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2018-06-07), p. 243-
    Abstract: Lack of highly active and stable non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) as an alternative to Pt for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the application of zinc-air batteries and proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) significantly hinders the commercialization of these energy devices. Herein, we synthesize a new type of catalyst composed of nitrogen-coordinated and carbon-embedded metal (Fe-N/Fe3C/Fe/C) by pyrolyzing a precursor at 800 °C under argon atmosphere, and the precursor is obtained by heating a mixture of the tri (dipyrido [3,2-a:2′,3′-c] phenazinyl) phenylene and FeSO4 at 160 °C in a Teflon-lined stainless autoclave. The resultant Fe-N/Fe3C/Fe/C-800 exhibits the highest activity for the ORR with onset and half-wave potentials of 1.00 and 0.82 V in 0.1 M KOH, respectively. Furthermore, it also shows a potential ORR activity in 0.1 M HClO4, which is promising for the application in commercial PEMFCs. Most importantly, Fe-N/Fe3C/Fe/C-800 exhibits a comparable electrochemical performance to Pt/C for the application in zinc-air battery. The specific capacity approaches 700 mAh·g−1, and the maximum power density is also comparable to that of Pt/C at the current density of 200 mA·cm−2. The work opens up a simple strategy to prepare ORR electrocatalyts for zinc-air battery and PEMFCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal8060243
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fingerprinting Organochlorine Groundwater Plumes Based on Non-Invasive ERT Technology at a Chemical Plant
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-09), p. 2816-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-09), p. 2816-
    Abstract: The refined characterization of groundwater pollution is an important prerequisite for efficient and effective remediation. A high-resolution survey of a contaminated site in a chemical pesticide factory was carried out using non-invasive geophysical sensing technology. Modern electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technology can rapidly identify and characterize the groundwater pollution plumes of organochlorine pesticides, which was demonstrated in this study by the significantly abnormal resistivity sensing in stratums and aquifers under the raw material tanks, production, and loading areas. The results were found to be highly consistent with the ERT sensing results achieved via incorporating borehole sampling and hydrochemical analysis. With high abnormal resistivity, the range of contamination within the profile was characterized on the meter level. We also unexpectedly found new pollution and explained its source. This study confirmed that the modern refined ERT method has a high feasibility and accuracy in characterizing the spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticide plumes in groundwater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12062816
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanism of Tolerance to Head-Splitting of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.): A Review of Current Knowledge and Future Directions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-02-12), p. 251-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-02-12), p. 251-
    Abstract: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) is an important cruciferous vegetable, which is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, beta-carotene and even good for cancer prevention. So, it is widely planted around the world. However, in the production of cabbage, the property of head-splitting not only reduces the appearance quality and commercial value of cabbage but also easily infects the area with head-splitting by germs, resulting in yield reduction, even no yield, and economic losses. For the head-splitting of cabbage, this paper introduced the causes, evaluation methods and indexes, and anatomic properties and reviewed some QTLs that have been obtained. But the cabbage molecular research of head-splitting is still in its infancy compared with other vegetable plants. Head-splitting is greatly affected by water. Although the cultivation and management methods can reduce the head-splitting rate, genetic improvement of head-splitting is still the most economic and efficient way in the long run. Therefore, the changes in the substances regulating cell water potential, the development of cell wall, ductility and toughness, calcium ion-regulated pectinase and cellulase activities, expansin genes, and even the ETH and ABA pathways related to maturation and abscission can provide ideas and directions for future gene mining and mechanism analysis for head-splitting tolerance, and thus accelerate the molecular breeding process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9020251
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomimetic Robust Starch Composite Films with Super-Hydrophobicity and Vivid Structural Colors
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2022-05-17), p. 5607-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2022-05-17), p. 5607-
    Abstract: The starch composite films (SCFs) will be one of the best alternative packaging materials to petroleum based plastic films, which mitigates white pollution and energy consumption. However, weak mechanical stability, water resistance, and dyeability has hindered the application of SCFs. Herein, a bioinspired robust SCFs with super-hydrophobicity and excellent structural colors were prepared by fiber-reinforcement and assembling SiO2/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) amorphous arrays on the surface of SCFs. The properties of the designed SCFs were investigated by various methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), a tensile test, contact angle (CA) test, and an optical test. The results showed that the obtained SCFs possessed a higher tensile strength (55.17 MPa) attributed to the formed abundant hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains of the starch, cellulose fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol. Benefiting from the nanostructure with rough surface which were modified by materials with low surface free energy, the contact angle and sliding angle of the film reached up to 154° and 2°, respectively. The colors which were produced by the constructive interference of the coherent scattered light could cover all of the visible regions by tuning the diameters of the SiO2 nanoparticles. The strategy in the present study not only reinforces the mechanical strength and water resistance of SCFs but also provides an environmentally friendly way to color the them, which shows unprecedented application potential in packaging materials of the starch composite films.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105607
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptomics and Genomics Analysis Uncover the Differentially Expressed Chlorophyll and Carotenoid-Related Genes in Celery
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 8986-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 8986-
    Abstract: Celery (Apium graveolens L.), a plant from Apiaceae, is one of the most important vegetables and is grown worldwide. Carotenoids can capture light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll, which plays a central role in photosynthesis. Here, by performing transcriptomics and genomics analysis, we identified and conducted a comprehensive analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes in celery and six representative species. Significantly, different contents and gene expression patterns were found among three celery varieties. In total, 237 and 290 chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were identified in seven species. No notable gene expansion of chlorophyll biosynthesis was detected in examined species. However, the gene encoding ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) enzyme in carotenoid was expanded in celery. Comparative genomics and RNA-seq analyses revealed 16 and 5 key genes, respectively, regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid. An intriguing finding is that chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were coordinately regulated by transcriptional factors, which could be distinctively classified into positive- and negative-regulation groups. Six CONSTANS (CO)-like transcription factors co-regulated chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were identified in celery. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid by transcription factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168986
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Magnetite-Modified Biochar via Rapid Microwave Synthesis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-12-28), p. 103-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-12-28), p. 103-
    Abstract: This study developed a nano-magnetite-modified biochar material (m-biochar) using a simple and rapid in situ synthesis method via microwave treatment, and systematically investigated the removal capability and mechanism of chromium (VI) by this m-biochar from contaminated groundwater. The m-biochar was fabricated from reed residues and magnetically modified by nano-Fe3O4. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterisations confirmed the successful doping of nano-Fe3O4 on the biochar with an improved porous structure. The synthesised m-biochar exhibited significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity of 9.92 mg/g compared with that (8.03 mg/g) of the pristine biochar. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model, which indicated that the overall adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was governed by the processes of chemical adsorption, liquid film diffusion and intramolecular diffusion. The increasing of the pH from 3 to 11 significantly affected the Cr(VI) adsorption, where the capabilities decreased from 9.92 mg/g to 0.435 mg/g and 8.03 mg/g to 0.095 mg/g for the m-biochar and pristine biochar, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cr(VI) by m-biochar were evaluated and confirmed to include the pathways of electrostatic adsorption, reduction and complexation. This study highlighted an effective synthesis method to prepare a superior Cr(VI) adsorbent, which could contribute to the effective remediation of heavy metal contaminations in the groundwater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010103
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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