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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeled and Observed Volcanic Aerosol Control on Stratospheric NO y and Cl y
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 124, No. 17-18 ( 2019-09), p. 10283-10303
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 124, No. 17-18 ( 2019-09), p. 10283-10303
    Abstract: Observations and model simulations reveal perturbations in NO y partitioning up to 5 hPa, associated with moderate‐magnitude volcanism Simulations indicate an aerosol‐induced increase in ClO but at levels undetectable in available observations N 2 O is a very effective tracer for removing circulation‐related anomalies of trace gases in the stratosphere to identify volcanic chemistry
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2019JD031111
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Response to ENSO and Its Impacts on Tropospheric Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 1963-1981
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 1963-1981
    Abstract: As the leading mode of Pacific variability, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes vast and widespread climatic impacts, including in the stratosphere. Following discovery of a stratospheric pathway of ENSO to the Northern Hemisphere surface, here we aim to investigate if there is a substantial Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric pathway in relation to austral winter ENSO events. Large stratospheric anomalies connected to ENSO occur on average at high SH latitudes as early as August, peaking at around 10 hPa. An overall colder austral spring Antarctic stratosphere is generally associated with the warm phase of the ENSO cycle, and vice versa. This behavior is robust among reanalysis and six separate model ensembles encompassing two different model frameworks. A stratospheric pathway is identified by separating ENSO events that exhibit a stratospheric anomaly from those that do not and comparing to stratospheric extremes that occur during neutral ENSO years. The tropospheric eddy-driven jet response to the stratospheric ENSO pathway is the most robust in the spring following a La Niña, but extends into summer, and is more zonally symmetric compared to the tropospheric ENSO teleconnection. The magnitude of the stratospheric pathway is weaker compared to the tropospheric pathway and therefore, when it is present, has a secondary role. For context, the magnitude is approximately half that of the eddy-driven jet modulation due to austral spring ozone depletion in the model simulations. This work establishes that the stratospheric circulation acts as an intermediary in coupling ENSO variability to variations in the austral spring and summer tropospheric circulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0250.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0250.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Prediction of Northern Hemisphere Regional Surface Temperatures Using Stratospheric Ozone Information
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 124, No. 12 ( 2019-06-27), p. 5922-5933
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 124, No. 12 ( 2019-06-27), p. 5922-5933
    Abstract: Excellent agreement between modeled and observed correlations of March Arctic ozone and April surface temperatures Variability in local spatial locations of correlations between ensemble members, but large scale agreement Using extreme values of March ozone as a predictor, skillful forecasts of April Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures are attainable
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2018JD029626
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Subpolar Activation of Halogen Heterogeneous Chemistry in Austral Spring
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2021-01-28)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2021-01-28)
    Abstract: Observed and modeled NO 2 depletion indicates significant heterogeneous chemistry in the Southern Hemisphere springtime subpolar lower stratosphere Novel evidence for chemical processes is revealed using probability distributions in NO 2 data versus simulations
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090036
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    On the Identification of Ozone Recovery
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2018
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2018-05-28), p. 5158-5165
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2018-05-28), p. 5158-5165
    Abstract: A model ensemble suggests that dynamical variability dominates ozone recovery trends in the tropical and midlatitude lower stratosphere Upper stratospheric ozone is expected to display the largest recovery at high latitudes in both hemispheres in autumn/winter seasons Solar proton events need to be taken into account when evaluating upper stratospheric ozone recovery
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL077955
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detectability of the impacts of ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases upon stratospheric ozone accounting for nonlinearities in historical forcings
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2018-01-05), p. 143-166
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2018-01-05), p. 143-166
    Abstract: Abstract. We perform a formal attribution study of upper- and lower-stratospheric ozone changes using observations together with simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. Historical model simulations were used to estimate the zonal-mean response patterns (“fingerprints”) to combined forcing by ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs), as well as to the individual forcing by each factor. Trends in the similarity between the searched-for fingerprints and homogenized observations of stratospheric ozone were compared to trends in pattern similarity between the fingerprints and the internally and naturally generated variability inferred from long control runs. This yields estimated signal-to-noise (S∕N) ratios for each of the three fingerprints (ODS, GHG, and ODS + GHG). In both the upper stratosphere (defined in this paper as 1 to 10 hPa) and lower stratosphere (40 to 100 hPa), the spatial fingerprints of the ODS + GHG and ODS-only patterns were consistently detectable not only during the era of maximum ozone depletion but also throughout the observational record (1984–2016). We also develop a fingerprint attribution method to account for forcings whose time evolutions are markedly nonlinear over the observational record. When the nonlinearity of the time evolution of the ODS and ODS + GHG signals is accounted for, we find that the S∕N ratios obtained with the stratospheric ODS and ODS + GHG fingerprints are enhanced relative to standard linear trend analysis. Use of the nonlinear signal detection method also reduces the detection time – the estimate of the date at which ODS and GHG impacts on ozone can be formally identified. Furthermore, by explicitly considering nonlinear signal evolution, the complete observational record can be used in the S∕N analysis, without applying piecewise linear regression and introducing arbitrary break points. The GHG-driven fingerprint of ozone changes was not statistically identifiable in either the upper- or lower-stratospheric SWOOSH data, irrespective of the signal detection method used. In the WACCM simulations of future climate change, the GHG signal is statistically identifiable between 2020 and 2030. Our findings demonstrate the importance of continued stratospheric ozone monitoring to improve estimates of the contributions of ODS and GHG forcing to global changes in stratospheric ozone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-143-2018
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-143-2018-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global volcanic aerosol properties derived from emissions, 1990–2014, using CESM1(WACCM)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 121, No. 5 ( 2016-03-16), p. 2332-2348
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 5 ( 2016-03-16), p. 2332-2348
    Abstract: We developed a global aerosol reconstruction for 1990‐2014 using CESM1(WACCM) and volcanic emissions Satellite‐based forcing data neglect 50‐95% of extratropical stratospheric aerosol Our output agrees much better with in situ and ground‐based observations than standard forcing data
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v121.5
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024290
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Evaluating Stratospheric Tropical Width Using Tracer Concentrations
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 125, No. 21 ( 2020-11-16)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 125, No. 21 ( 2020-11-16)
    Abstract: Two new methods of using tracer concentrations as indicators of stratospheric tropical width are developed and compared These methods are advances over previous approaches as they provide consistent results throughout the year and the depth of the stratosphere Tracer‐based widths correlate with the turnaround latitude, critical level, and tropopause height metrics, depending on altitude and method
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2020JD033081
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Prediction of Northern Hemisphere Regional Sea Ice Extent and Snow Depth Using Stratospheric Ozone Information
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 125, No. 22 ( 2020-11-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 125, No. 22 ( 2020-11-27)
    Abstract: Excellent agreement between modeled and observed differences in Arctic sea ice extent and snow depth during March ozone extreme years Sea ice extent differences following March ozone extremes persist throughout the year in some locations Using ozone as the sole predictor, accurate forecasts of sea ice extent and snow depth anomalies are obtained during years of ozone extremes
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2019JD031770
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 7 ( 2022-02-15)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 7 ( 2022-02-15)
    Abstract: The catalytic depletion of Antarctic stratospheric ozone is linked to anthropogenic emissions of chlorine and bromine. Despite its larger ozone-depleting efficiency, the contribution of ocean-emitted iodine to ozone hole chemistry has not been evaluated, due to the negligible iodine levels previously reported to reach the stratosphere. Based on the recently observed range (0.77 ± 0.1 parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) of stratospheric iodine injection, we use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to assess the role of iodine in the formation and recent past evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole. Our 1980–2015 simulations indicate that iodine can significantly impact the lower part of the Antarctic ozone hole, contributing, on average, 10% of the lower stratospheric ozone loss during spring (up to 4.2% of the total stratospheric column). We find that the inclusion of iodine advances the beginning and delays the closure stages of the ozone hole by 3 d to 5 d, increasing its area and mass deficit by 11% and 20%, respectively. Despite being present in much smaller amounts, and due to faster gas-phase photochemical reactivation, iodine can dominate (∼73%) the halogen-mediated lower stratospheric ozone loss during summer and early fall, when the heterogeneous reactivation of inorganic chlorine and bromine reservoirs is reduced. The stratospheric ozone destruction caused by 0.77 pptv of iodine over Antarctica is equivalent to that of 3.1 (4.6) pptv of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons during spring (rest of sunlit period). The relative contribution of iodine to future stratospheric ozone loss is likely to increase as anthropogenic chlorine and bromine emissions decline following the Montreal Protocol.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110864119
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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    SSG: 11
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